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Journal Study Regarding PCAP Washington

This study analyzed risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in children under five years old in Brazil following the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The study identified several risk factors associated with an increased risk of pneumonia, including low birth weight, malnutrition, indoor air pollution, HIV infection, non-exclusive breastfeeding, overcrowded households, and incomplete immunization. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine led to a reduction in pneumonia cases among children under two. The study recommends expanding immunization programs to include vaccines for measles, pertussis, influenza, and H. influenzae type b in order to further prevent cases of community-acquired pneumonia in children.

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Luis Washington
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157 views

Journal Study Regarding PCAP Washington

This study analyzed risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in children under five years old in Brazil following the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The study identified several risk factors associated with an increased risk of pneumonia, including low birth weight, malnutrition, indoor air pollution, HIV infection, non-exclusive breastfeeding, overcrowded households, and incomplete immunization. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine led to a reduction in pneumonia cases among children under two. The study recommends expanding immunization programs to include vaccines for measles, pertussis, influenza, and H. influenzae type b in order to further prevent cases of community-acquired pneumonia in children.

Uploaded by

Luis Washington
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Washington, Luis D.

Date: November 03, 2021


Group: BSN 2H-D Name of CI: Mitzi Sy

I. TITLE: Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in children under five years of age in the
post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era in Brazil: a case control study
AUTHOR: Fonseca Lima, E. J. da, Mello, M. J. G., Albuquerque, M. de F. P. M. de, Lopes, M. I. L.,
Serra, G. H. C., Lima, D. E. P., & Correia, J. B
SOURCE:https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12887-016-0695-6#Tab1
YEAR OF PUBLICATION: 2016, September 22

II. SUMMARY

Community-Acquired - Pneumonia as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortally among children
under five years of age worldwide. Brazil is among the 15 countries with the highest incidence of pneumonia,
and this disease is the leading cause of death among children aged 1–4  years. The study was to analyze the
risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in children under 5 years of age, excluding neonates. This
study identified risk factors that shown to be significantly associated for pneumonia such low birth weight,
undernutrition, household air pollution, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, non-exclusive
breastfeeding, household crowding and incomplete immunization, as following the implementation of a
pneumococcal vaccination program. This study was to show that a means of preventing CAP, recommend
immunization programs include vaccines against measles, pertussis and influenza as well as Haemophilus
influenzae type b and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. As it shown in this study that due to the introduction
of the PCV10 in the Brazil, there is a reduction of the total number of cases of pneumonia in children under
2 years of age.

III. NURSING IMPLICATIONS


A. To Nursing Practice
Through this journal, it shows to the nursing practice what precautionary intervention in the
management of reducing the risk factor of community acquired Pneumonia to the children. As a
student nurse, it is helpful to me, to be aware of the importance of immunization as one of method or
strategies in preventing PCAP. Furthermore, it gives nurses an idea to what are the criteria in
assessing for PCAP, like assess the respiration rate, chest in drawing, oxygen saturation, and the Chest
X-ray analysis.
B. To Nursing Education
In connection to nursing education, Educate the community, specially the parents of the importance of
immunization in preventing their child for getting pneumonia and of regular proper handwashing, and
proper hygiene, through seminar and workshop, Interactive sessions, peer-to-peer sessions,
educational games, and arts and crafts activities to discuss, promote, and reinforce improved hygiene
behaviors. The use also of Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) materials, (posters and
flipcharts) that support Immunization and hygiene promotion.

C. To Nursing Research
It is a great help for future researchers specially for medical students who are undergoing research that
contains relevant information that could help them with the completion of data on their research or at
least it gives them insights of the effectiveness of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in
terms of reducing the risk factor of community acquired pneumonia to children. As a student nurse I
would recommend future researchers expand their research for more preventive approach or method in
addressing not only community acquired pneumonia but some community disease. Furthermore,
expand the research population not only in hospital based setting but including the community.

IV. Personal Insights


As a reader, I strongly agree because with this research, I’m being aware of the importance of immunization in
reducing the risk factor of community acquired pneumonia most specially to children. This includes the
prevention of acquiring infectious diseases such as respiratory illness. This enlightened me that having
immunize may prevent us from the severe case of pneumonia and for us to prevent ourselves for acquiring
such diseases.

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