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ERP Fundamentals Fall-2021 Lecture # 5: Syed Affan Ahmed Zaidi Lecturer PAF-KIET (Main Campus)

The document provides an overview of operating systems, including: 1. It defines an operating system as software that acts as an interface between computer hardware and the user, and discusses how operating systems first emerged in the 1950s-1960s to manage storage. 2. It lists several types of operating systems including batch, time-sharing, multiprocessing, real-time, distributed, network, mobile, and embedded operating systems. 3. It provides brief descriptions and examples of batch, time-sharing, real-time, distributed, cluster, embedded, network, and mobile operating systems.

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53 views

ERP Fundamentals Fall-2021 Lecture # 5: Syed Affan Ahmed Zaidi Lecturer PAF-KIET (Main Campus)

The document provides an overview of operating systems, including: 1. It defines an operating system as software that acts as an interface between computer hardware and the user, and discusses how operating systems first emerged in the 1950s-1960s to manage storage. 2. It lists several types of operating systems including batch, time-sharing, multiprocessing, real-time, distributed, network, mobile, and embedded operating systems. 3. It provides brief descriptions and examples of batch, time-sharing, real-time, distributed, cluster, embedded, network, and mobile operating systems.

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maimoona
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ERP Fundamentals

Fall-2021
Lecture # 5
Syed Affan Ahmed Zaidi
Lecturer PAF-KIET (Main Campus)
What is an Operating System?
An Operating System (OS) is a software that acts as an interface between computer hardware components and the user. Every
computer system must have at least one operating system to run other programs. Applications like Browsers, MS Office,
Notepad Games, etc., need some environment to run and perform its tasks.
The OS helps you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer’s language. It is not possible
for the user to use any computer or mobile device without having an operating system.

Introduction to Operating System


History Of OS
Operating systems were first developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage
The General Motors Research Lab implemented the first OS in the early 1950s for their IBM 701
In the mid-1960s, operating systems started to use disks
In the late 1960s, the first version of the Unix OS was developed
The first OS built by Microsoft was DOS. It was built in 1981 by purchasing the 86-DOS software from a Seattle company
The present-day popular OS Windows first came to existence in 1985 when a GUI was created and paired with MS-DOS
Examples of Operating System with Market Share
Types of Operating System (OS)
• Following are the popular types of OS (Operating System):
1. Batch Operating System
2. Multitasking/Time Sharing OS
3. Multiprocessing OS
4. Real Time OS
5. Distributed OS
6. Network OS
7. Mobile OS
Batch Operating System
• Some computer processes are very lengthy and time-consuming. To speed the same process, a job
with a similar type of needs are batched together and run as a group.
• The user of a batch operating system never directly interacts with the computer. In this type of OS,
every user prepares his or her job on an offline device like a punch card and submit it to the
computer operator.
• Examples of Batch based Operating System: Payroll System, Bank Statements, etc. Each task is
given some time to execute so that all the tasks work smoothly. Each user gets the time of CPU as
they use a single system. These systems are also known as Multitasking Systems.
Multi-Programmed
• Non-Preemptive
Multi-Tasking/Time-sharing Operating systems
• Preemptive
• Time-sharing operating system enables people located at a different terminal(shell) to use a single computer system at the
same time. The processor time (CPU) which is shared among multiple users is termed as time sharing.
• Responsiveness (Advantage)
Real time OS
• A real time operating system time interval to process and respond to inputs is very small. Examples: Military Software
Systems, Space Software Systems are the Real time OS example.
• Hard Real time System (Missile system)
• Soft Real time System
Distributed Operating System
• Distributed systems use many processors located in different machines to provide very fast
computation to its users.
• YouTube, Facebook used distributed OS rather then centralized system
Cluster OS
• Clustered Operating Systems work similarly to Parallel Operating Systems as they have many
CPUs. Cluster systems are created when two or more computer systems are merged. ... The
components of clusters are usually connected using fast area networks, with each node running its
own instance of an operating system.
• Computation Power
• Fault tolerance
• Scalability
• Load Balancing
Embedded OS
• An embedded operating system (OS) is a specialized operating system designed to perform a
specific task for a device that is not a computer.
Network Operating System
• Network Operating System runs on a server. It provides the capability to serve to manage data, user, groups, security,
application, and other networking functions.
• Examples of Network Operating System are: Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows
Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X, Novell NetWare, and BSD, etc.
Mobile OS
• Mobile operating systems are those OS which is especially that are designed to power
smartphones, tablets, and wearables devices.
• Some most famous mobile operating systems are Android and iOS, but others include BlackBerry,
Web, and watchOS.

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