FUNDAMENTALS OF

DATABASE SYSTEMS
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION

Nguyễn Thị Hậu

University of Engineering and Technology,
Vietnam National University in Hanoi (UET-VNU)
[email protected]
COURSE OVERVIEW

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 Contents
Part 1: Theory (60%: attendance - 10%, assignments -
10%, project - 10%, 3 online tests at week 6, 10, 15 -
3x10%)
1.  Basic concepts
2.  The ER modeling
3.  The relational database model
4.  Functional dependency, Normalization
Bonus: Solving problems in the lectures (Maximum 10%),
and the bonus parts of project (Maximum 10%)
Part 2: Practice (40%: attendance, assignments, tests)
•  MySQL, week 2-15

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 Project requirements
•  Duration: Week 2-15 (students must submit progressive report according to the requirements
of lecturer)

•  Requirements:
1.Choosing an application (possibly using existing applications). Describing all supported
features of the application. (Week 2)

2. Describing the database of the application (entities, relationships, constraints…) in words.

(Week 3)

3. Drawing ERD of the database using Chen ‘s model. (Week 4)

4. Converting the database into the Relation model.

Write 5 queries used in your application (in word, and in Relational Algebra)

5. Normalizing the database into 2NF, 3NF, BCNF (Suggestion: building a set of FD for
each relation obtained in Step 4).

6. Creating & implementing the database using a DBMS.

Write 5 queries used in your application in MySQL (show query + result)

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 Readings
•  Ramez Elmasri & Shamkant
B. Navathe, Fundamentals of
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Database Systems, 7th

Edition, Pearson 2015.

•  C O R O N E L , C . , a n d
MORRIS, S. 2017, Database
Systems: Design,
Implementation, and
Management. 13 th Ed.,
Thomson Course Technology

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Top DBMS in 2021

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BASIC CONCEPTS

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Data – Information Examples

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 Data vs. Information
Data Information
•  Raw facts •  Produced by processing data
–  Raw data - Not yet been •  Reveals the meaning of data
processed to reveal the
meaning •  Enables knowledge creation
•  B u i l d i n g b l o c k s o f •  S h o u l d b e a c c u r a t e ,
information relevant, and timely to
enable good decision
•  Data management
making
–  Generation, storage, and
retrieval of data

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 Evolution of File System Data
Processing
Manual File Systems

Accomplished through a system of file folders and filing cabinets

Computerized File Systems

Data processing (DP) specialist: Created a computer-based system
that would track data and produce required reports

File System Redux: Modern End-User Productivity Tools

Includes spreadsheet programs such as Microsoft Excel

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 Contents of a simple Customer file

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 A Simple File System example

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 Problems with File System Data
Processing
Lengthy development times

Difficulty of getting quick answers

Complex system administration

Lack of security and limited data sharing

Extensive programming

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 Database
• Shared, integrated computer structure that stores
a collection of:
– End-user data - Raw facts of interest to end user
– Metadata: Data about data, which the end-user data
are integrated and managed
• Describe data characteristics and relationships
• Database management system (DBMS)
– Collection of programs
– Manages the database structure
– Controls access to data stored in the database
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 Role of the DBMS
•  Intermediary between the user and the
database
•  Enables data to be shared
•  Presents the end user with an integrated view
of the data
•  Receives and translates application requests
into operations required to fulfill the requests
•  Hides database’s internal complexity from the
application programs and users
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 The DBMS Manages the Interaction between the End User and the
Database

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Components of DBMS

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 Meta data

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 Advantages of the DBMS
•  Better data integration and less data inconsistency
–  Data inconsistency: Different versions of the same data appear in
different places
•  Increased end-user productivity
•  Improved:
– Data sharing
– Data security
– Data access
– Decision making
•  Data quality: Promoting accuracy, validity, and timeliness
of data

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 Types of Databases
•  Single-user database: Supports one user at a
time
–  Desktop database: Runs on PC
•  Multi-user database: Supports multiple users
at the same time
–  Workgroup databases: Supports a small number
of users or a specific department
–  Enterprise database: Supports many users
across many departments

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 Types of Databases
•  Centralized database:
Data is located at a single
site
•  Distributed database:
Data is distributed across
different sites
•  Cloud database: Created
and maintained using
cloud data services that
provide defined
performance measures
for the database

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 Types of Databases
•  General-purpose databases: Contains a wide
variety of data used in multiple disciplines
•  Discipline-specific databases: Contains data
focused on specific subject areas

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 Types of Databases
•  Operational
database: Designed
to support a
company’s day-to-
day operations

•  A n a l y t i c a l
database: Stores
historical data and
business metrics
used exclusively for
tactical or strategic
decision making
–  Data warehouse:
Stores data in a
format optimized
for decision
support

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Types of Databases
•  Business intelligence: Captures and processes
business data to generate information that
support decision making

•  Online analytical processing

(OLAP)
–  Enable retrieving, processing, and
modeling data from the data warehouse

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 Types of Databases
•  Unstructured data: It
exists in their original state
•  Structured data: It results
from formatting
–  Structure is applied based
on type of processing to be
performed
•  Semi-structured data:
Processed to some extent
•  E x t e n s i b l e M a r k u p
Language (XML)
–  Represents data elements
in textual format

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 Database Design
•  Focuses on the design of the database structure
that will be used to store and manage end-user
data
•  Well-designed database
–  Facilitates data management
–  Generates accurate and valuable information
•  Poorly designed database causes difficult-to-
trace errors

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 Database Systems
• Logically related data stored in a single logical
data repository
– Physically distributed among multiple storage
facilities
– DBMS eliminates most of file system’s problems
•  Current generation DBMS software:
o  Stores data structures, relationships between structures, and access paths
o  Defines, stores, and manages all access paths and components

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 Contrasting Database and File Systems

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 The Database System Environment

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