Republic of the Philippines

COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION

VERITAS COLLEGE OF IROSIN
Bulan, Sorsogon

Course Title: Teaching Mathematics In Intermediate Grades

Course & year Level: BEED II
Schedule: Tuesday 5:00 p.m.- 8:00 p.m. (Block 1)
Wednesday 5:00 p.m.- 8:00 p.m.(Block 2)
Lesson No.: 1- 3
Introduction: The lessons in this module would highlight concepts about Operations on
Fractions and Geometric Figures. Consequently, students will have in-depth understanding on
solving word problems involving ratio and proportion, percent, area, surface area, volume.
These concepts are preliminaries to have a better insight of the course.

Objectives:
1. Solve word problems involving operations on fractions.
2. Solve word problems involving ratio and proportion.
3. Solve word problems involving percent
4. Create a model of the different kinds of plane and solid figures.
5. Solve word problems involving area, surface area and volume
.
Pre-Test
Direction: Solve and answer the following problems:
1. Ana needs 5 7/8 m for pants and 24 3/4 m for blouses. How many meters of cloth does she
need in all?
2. For every 7 meters of cloth, a tailor can sew 4 pairs of short pants. How many pairs ofshort
pants can he sew with 35 meters of cloth?
3. Ana and Karen bought snacks worth P 200.00. Ana paid 55% of this amount and Karen paid
the rest of it. How much did Karen pay
4. The area of the trapezoid is 90 cm2 . Its bases have lengths of 18 cm and 12 cm. What is its
height?
5. A rectangular water tank measures 3 meters long, 5 meters wide and 6 meters high. How
much water can it hold?

Key Concepts
• FRACTION represents equal parts of a whole or a collection.
• RATIO- used to compare two or more quantities with the same units; expressed in simplest
form
• PROPORTION- two equal ratios. The first and last terms are called extremes while the
second and the third terms are called means. The product of the means is equal to the
product of extremes.
• Percentage or percent means 'per one hundred' and expresses the fraction of a number
out of 100% or the total amount
• Area is the number of square inside a polygon.
• Surface area of any given object is the area or region occupied by the surface of the
object.
• Volume is the amount of space available in an object.
• Plane Figures are 2-dimensional figures like triangle, rectangle, parallelogram, trapezoid,
square and circle.
• Solid Figures are 3-dimensional figures like sphere, cube, rectangular prism cone, cylinder,
and pyramid.

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

I. FRACTION

To Add Dissimilar Fractions:

1. Find first the least common denominator (LCD) using multiples or common factor.
2. Multiply both the numerator and denominator by its factor.
3. Add the numerator then copy the common denominator.
4. If the fraction is improper change to mixed number using division.

Examples: 1. Find the sum of 3/5 + 1/3

LCD of 5 and 3 = 15
Multiples of 3 = 3, 6, 9, 12, 15
Multiples of 5 = 5, 10, 15
Solution:
3 + 1 = 9 + 5 = 14
5 x3 3 x5 15 15 15

2. What is the sum of 5/6 and 7/8 ?

LCD of 6 and 8 = 24
Multiples of 6 = 6, 12, 18, 24
Multiples of 8 = 8, 16, 24

Solution:
5 + 7 = 20 + 21 = 41 or 1 17
6x4 8 x3 24 24 2424

3. Mina mixed 2/3 L of pineapple juice and 1/6 L of orange juice. How much mixture did she
have?
Solution:
2 + 1 = 4 +1 = 5L
3x2 6x1 6 6 6
To Add Mixed Number with Regrouping
( sum is improper)
1. Add first the whole numbers.
2. Then add the fraction.
3. If the sum is improper, change to mixed number. Add the whole number to the previous sum
of whole numbers.
4. Annex the whole number to the fraction.
5. Reduce the fraction if possible.

Examples: 1. Find the sum : 4 7/12 + 3 5/6 + 2 1/3

LCD of 12 , 6 and 3 = 12
Multiples of 12 = 12
Multiples of 6 = 6,12
Multiples of 3 = 3,6,9, 12
1. 4 + 3 + 2 = 9
2. 7 + 5 + 1 = 7 + 10 + 4 = 21
12 x 1 6 x 2 3 x 4 12 12 12 12 12
3. 21 or 1 9
12 12
4. 9 + 1 = 10 9/12
5. 10 9 both are divisible by 3 or 10 3
12 4

2. Perform the indicated operation: 23 4/6 + 59 7/8

LCD of 6 and 8 = 12
Multiples of 6 = 6,12, 18, 24
Multiples of 8 = 8, 16, 24
1. 23 + 59 = 82
2. 4 + 7 = 16 + 21 = 37
6 x4 8 x 3 24 24 24
3. 37 or 1 13 4. 82+ 1 = 83 13/ 24
24 24

Example 3. Two packages that contained 6 3/4 kg of chocolates and 22 2/3 kg of canned goods
were weighed. What was the total weight of the 2 packages and its contents?
Clue word: and or total weight Operation: addition
Solution: 1. 6 + 22 = 28
2. 3 + 2 = 9 + 8 = 17
4 x3 3 x 4 12 12 12
3. 17 or 1 5
12 12
4. 28+ 1 = 29 5/12
OTHER CLUE WORDS FOR ADDITION: SUM, IN ALL, BOTH, TOGETHER, AND, TWO
ACTIVITY # 1: ADDITION
1. Find the sum of 1/2 + 1/8.
2. Add: 3/8 + 1/6
3. What is the sum of 5/9 and 2/3?
4. Add: 3 3/4 and 5 4/5
5. When you add 47 1/2 and 34 5/9, the sum is____.

To Subtract Mixed Number without Regrouping

( or fraction can be subtracted):
1. Subtract first the whole numbers.
2. Then subtract the fraction.
3. Annex the whole number to the fraction.
Examples: 1. What is 8 3/8 subtracted from 20 3/4 ?
LCD of 8 and 4 = 8
Multiples of 4 = 4, 8
Multiples of 8 = 8
1. 20 - 8 = 12
2. 3 - 3 = 6- 3 = 3
4 x2 8 x1 8 8 8
3. 12 3/8 is the answer

2. Subtract : 15 5/6 - 9 3/4

LCD of 6 and 4 = 12
Multiples of 4 = 4, 8,12
Multiples of 6 = 6,12
1. 15 - 9 = 6
2. 5 - 3 = 10 - 9 = 1
6 x2 4 x3 12 12 12
3. 6 1/12 is the answer

To Subtract Mixed Number with Regrouping

( or fraction cannot be subtracted):
1. Rename the fraction by subtracting one from the whole number. Make the fraction equal to
one using the number in the denominator of fraction.
2. Subtract the whole numbers.
3. Then subtract the fraction.
4. Annex the whole number to the fraction.

Examples: 1. What is 17 3/5 subtracted from 32 1/8 ?

LCD of 8 and 5 = 40
Multiples of 5 = 5, 10,15,20,25,30,35,40
Multiples of 8 = 8, 16, 24, 32, 40
1. 32 1/8
31 8 + 1 = 31 9
8 8 8
2. 31 - 17 = 14
3. 9 - 3 = 45 - 24 = 21
8 x5 5 x 8 40 40 40
4. 14 21/40 is the answer
Example 2. Mina mixed 2/3 L of pineapple juice and 3/6 L of orange juice. How much more liter
is the pineapple juice than orange juice?
Clue word: more Operation: subtraction
Solution:
2 - 3 = 4 - 3 = 1L
3x2 6x1 6 6 6
OTHER CLUE WORDS FOR SUBTRACTION: MORE, DIFFERENCE, LEFT, CHANGE

ACTIVITY #2: Perform the indicated operation

1. What is the sum of 1/3 and 2/5?
2. What is 3/5 subtracted from 7/8 ?
3. Find the sum: 12 1/4 + 15 5/8.
4. Find the difference: 25 3/7 – 15 1/3
5. Add: 2 1/2 + 3 1/4 + 5 1/5
6. Subtract 7 1/8 – 5 3/4

ACTIVITY#3
SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS. IDENTIFY THE CLUE WORD TO DETERMINE THE
OPERATION.
1. A child spends 1/3 day sleeping and 1/4 day at school. What fraction of the day is used
for these two activities?
2. Ana needs 5/9 m for pants and 5/6 m for blouses. How many meters of cloth does she
need in all?
3. Mother bought 5 3/4 kilo of rice and 3 1/2 kilo of fish. How many more kilos of rice did
she buy?
4. Jack spent 8 1/2 hours sleeping and 6 1/4 hours studying. How many more hours did he
sleep than study?
5. What fractions will you add to have a sum of 8 1/8? Give at least 3 addends
To Multiply Fractions:
1. Change Mixed Number to Improper fraction.
2. Use cancellation method to simplify the fraction.
3. If the product is improper fraction it should be changed to mixed number.
Examples: 1. Find the product of 2 1/2 x 1/5
Solution:
1. 2 1 = 2x2 = 4 + 1 = 5
2 2
2. 5 x 1 = 1 x 1 = 1
2 5 2 1 2
5 and 5 are both divisible by 5: 5 / 5 = 1; 5 / 5= 1

2. What is the product of 1/6 and 3 5/7 ?

1. 3 5 = 3x7 = 21 + 5 = 26
7 7
2. 26 x 1 = 13 x 1 = 13
7 6 7 3 21
26 and 6 are both divisible by 2: 26 / 2 = 13; 6 / 2= 3

3. Perform the indicated operation: 8 3/4 x 2/5

1. 8 3 = 8 x 4= 32 + 3 =35
4 4
2. 35 x 2 = 7 x 1 = 7 2 7 answer: 3 1/2
4 5 2 1 2
35 and 5 are both divisible by 5: 35 / 5 = 7; 5 / 5= 1
4 and 2 are both divisible by 2: 4 / 2 = 2; 2 / 2= 1
Example 4. Mother bought 5 1/2 kilos of rice at the market. She cooked 1/5 of it. What part did
she use for cooking?
Clue word: of ; part Operation: multiplication
Solution: 1. 5 1/2 = 5 x 2= 10+1=11
2
2. 11 x 1 = 11 10 11
2 5 10
Answer: 1 1/10
OTHER CLUE WORDS FOR MULTIPLICATION: PRODUCT, EACH, OF, TWICE
.

ACTIVITY #4
1. What is the product of 1 1/3 x 1/4?
2. Multiply: 2 2/3 x 2/8
3. Perform the indicated operation: 1/3 x 4 1/2
4. Multiply: 2 2/5 x 5/12
5. Find the product: 5 5/8 and 3/5
ACTIVITY# 5
SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS. IDENTIFY THE CLUE WORD TO DETERMINE THE
OPERATION.
1. A tailor has 8 1/3 m of cloth. He used 4/5 of it to make a man’s shirt. What part did he
use?
2. A crate of fruits contains 3 3/4 kilos. 1/3 of the fruits are oranges. How many kilos are
oranges?
3. There are 5 1/2 bags of salt in the crate. Each bag of salt weighs 3/4 kilos. How
many kilos are there in the crate?
4. When 2 1/2 is multiplied to n, the product is 1. What is n?

Let’s Study! To Divide Fractions:

1. Change Mixed Number to Improper fraction.
2. Make the divisor its reciprocal then change the operation to multiplication.
3. Use cancellation method to simplify the fraction.
4. If the product is improper fraction it should be changed to mixed number.

Examples: 1. Divide 2 1/2 by 1/5

Solution:
1. 2 1 = 2x2 = 4 + 1 = 5 divide 1
2 2 5
2. 5 x 5 = 25 = 121 2 25
2 1 2 2
2. Find the quotient of 3 4/7 divided by 5/7.
1. 3 4 = 3x7 = 21 + 4 = 25 divide 5
7 7 7
2. 25 x 7 = 5 x 1 = 5 or Answer = 5
7 5 1 1 1
25 and 5 are both divisible by 5: 25 / 5 = 5; 5 / 5= 1
7 and 7 are both divisible by 7 and that is 1

Example 3. Mother bought 5 1/2 kilos of rice at the market. She cooked 1/2 kilos every day.
How many days would it last?
Clue word: last Operation: division
Solution: 1. 5 1/2 = 5 x 2= 10+1=11 divide 1
2 2
2. 11 x 2 = 11 x 1 = 11 or Answer: 11 days
2 1 1 1 1
OTHER CLUE WORDS FOR DIVISION: QUOTIENT, EACH(IN THE QUESTION), SHARE

ACTIVITY #6
1. What is the quotient of 1 1/3 and 2/8?
2. Divide: 2 2/3 by 2/3
3. Perform the indicated operation: 4 1/2 divided by 3/4
4. Divide: 2 2/5 by 5/12
5. How many 2/3 are there in 3 3/4?
ACTIVITY# 7
SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS. IDENTIFY THE CLUE WORD TO DETERMINE THE
OPERATION.
1. A tailor had 7 1/3 m of cloth. He used 1/3 m for each shirt sleeve. How many shirt
sleeve could he make?
2. A crate of fruits contains 4 1/2 kilos. It should be placed in a bag that contains 1/2
kilos each. How many bags are there?
3. There are 5 1/2 kilos of salt in the crate. Each bag of salt weighs 3/4 kilos. How
many bags are there?

II. RATIO AND PROPORTION

RATIO- used to compare two or more quantities with the same units; expressed in simplest
form
3 Ways to write Ratio:
1. In word form- one is to two
2. In colon form- 1:2
3. In fraction form- 1
2
Example #1. The grade 6 of Bliss elementary school is composed of 2 boys and 11 girls in the
class. What is the ratio of boys to girls? Express your answer in word, colon and fraction form.
RATIO - boys : girls
Answer: In words two is to eleven In colon 2:11 In fraction 2
11
Example #2: Express the ratio of vowels to consonants of the word MATHEMATICS in COLON
FORM vowels=3 (A,E,I) consonants=5 (M,T,H,C,S) vowels : consonants = 3:5
Answer: 3:5

PROPORTION- two equal ratios. The first and last terms are called extremes while the second
and the third terms are called means. The product of the means is equal to the product of
extremes.

Example #1: 1:2 :: 2:4 reads as one is to two AS two is to four

MEANS
EXTREMES
Example #2: Use a model to illustrate 2 circles is to 3 squares as 4 circles is to 6 squares
Answer 2:3 :: 4:6

: :: :

Example # 3: Is it proportion or not? Write Yes or NO

2 and 4 3 and 4 4:8 :: 1:2 5:3 :: 10:9
4 8 5 6
2X8=16 3X6=18 8X1 =8 3X10= 30
4X4= 16 5X4= 20 4X2=8 5X9 = 45
Answer: YES Answer: NO Answer: YES Answer: NO
Note: To determine whether proportion the cross product should be EQUAL.
KINDS OF PROPORTION
1. DIRECT PROPORTION : Multiply the pair then divide the product by the remaining number
Example#1 Find the value of n in 2:3= n: 6
Solution: 2x 6 = 12 to check: 2x6= 12
12/3 = 4 n=4 3 x4= 12
ANSWER: 4

Example# 2 Find the value of n in 8:n= 4: 3

Solution: 8x 3 = 24 to check: 8x3= 24
24/4 = 6 n=6 4x6= 24
ANSWER: 6

Example#3Three pillow cases cost for one hundred pesos. If Joan paid P 300.00, how many
pillow cases did she buy?
Solution: 3 pillow casesn pillow cases
P 100.00 = P 300.00
3 x300 = 900
900/100= 9 to check: 3x300= 900
ANSWER: 9 pillow cases 100 x9= 900

Example#43 meters of cloth can be made for 4 rugs . How many rugs can be made for 6
meters?
Solution: 3 meters6 meters
4 rugs = N
4 x6= 24
24/3= 8 to check: 4x6= 24
ANSWER: 8 rugs 3 x8= 24

2. INVERSE PROPORTION : Multiply the pair then divide the product by the remaining number
Example#1 3 workers can do the job in 4 DAYS. How many workers can do the same job at
the same rate in 2 DAYS?
Solution: 3 x 4 = 12 to check: 3 x 4= 12
12/2 = 6 n=6 workers 2 x 6= 12
ANSWER: 6 WORKERS

3. PARTITIVE PROPORTION :
1. ADD THE RATIO
2. DIVIDE the remaining number by the sum
3. MULTIPLY the quotient by the digit in the ratio being ASKED
Example#1 The number of boys and girls in the class is 3:4. If there are 35 pupils, how many
boys are there?
Solution: 3boys : 4 girls
1. 3+4 = 7
2. 35/7 = 5
3. How many boys? 3BOYS X 5= 15 n=15 boys
ANSWER: 15 BOYS
Example# 2 The ratio of apples to oranges to mangoes is 2:3: 5. If there are 40 fruits, how
many fruits of each kind?
Solution: 2 apples : 3 oranges: 5 mangoes
1. 2+3+5 = 10
2. 40/10 = 4
3. How many fruits of each kind?
2 apples x 4= 8 apples; 3 oranges x 4= 12 oranges; 5mangox 4= 20 mangoes
8apples + 12 oranges + 20 mangoes= 40 fruits
ANSWER: 8apples :12 oranges : 20 mangoes

ACTIVITY#8 Solve the following problems

1. Four candies cost for P20.00 . If Joan paid P 40.00, how many candies did she buy?

2. 5 pupils can clean the classroom for 12 minutes. If there are 15 pupils who helped clean the
classroom, how many minutes can they finish the same job at the same rate?

3. Six workers can finish the job in 5 days. If there are 10 workers, how many days can they
finish the same job at the same rate?

4. The ratio of The ratio of apples to oranges to mangoes is 1:2:3. If there are 30 fruits, how
many fruits of each kind?

III. PERCENT
· Change rate to decimal. Multiply the rate and the base if percentage is missing and
divide percentage by rate or base if the base or rate is missing.
· P = R x B; R = P/B; B = P/R

1. Findings from a survey of 400 children found that 6 % are left handed. Of this number, 25%
are girls. How many of the left-handed children surveyed are girls?
a. 6 b. 24 c. 60 d. 240
Answer: a
Solution: 1. 400 x .06 = 24 are left-handed children
2. 24 children x .25 girls = 6 girls

2. Pat answered correctly 113 items of the 120-item Mathematics test. What percent of the test
did she answer correctly? a. 70% b. 81% c. 94% d. 95%
Answer: c
Clue words: what percent (rate is missing: percentage/base).
Percentage is the smaller number (dividend always).
Solution: 113/ 120 = .94 or 94%
3. A fruit vendor sold P 1825.00 worth of different fruits in season. If 70% of the total sales
came from mangoes, how much was the sale of mangoes?
a. P547.50 b. 1264.00 c. P1277.50 d. P1775.00
Answer: c
Clue words: 70% of sales (percentage is missing: base x rate). Always change the rate to
decimal.

Solution: .70 x P 1825 = P 1277.50

ACTIVITY#9 Solve the following problems

1. Lito got 90% of the 120 words in the Spelling contest. How many words did he spell
correctly?
2. Ana and Karen bought snacks worth P 200.00. Ana paid 55% of this amount and Karen paid
the rest of it. How much did Karen pay?
3. In a class of 50 pupils, 35 walk to get to school. What percent of the pupils go to school by
walking?
V. GEOMETRIC FIGURES

ACTIVITY# 10Identify the angles based from its description and illustration

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.

FORMULA FOR PERIMETER AND AREA OF PLANE FIGURES

FORMULA FOR FINDING THE VOLUME OF SOLID FIGURES
FORMULA FOR FINDING THE SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME OF SOLID FIGURES
NET OF SOLID FIGURES

ACTIVITY# 11Identify the NET of Each Solid Figure

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
V. MEASUREMENT
1. What is the area of the triangle whose base is 28 cm and the height is 25 cm?
a. 350 cm2 b. 300 cm2 c. 250 cm2 d. 200 cm2
Answer: a
Clue words: area of triangle =base x height then divide 2
Solution: base 28cm x 25cm height = 700/2= 350 cm2

2. The area of the trapezoid is 72 cm2 . Its bases have lengths of 24 cm and 12 cm. What is its
height?
a. 4 cm b. 6cm c. 8 cm d. 10 cm
Clue words: height of trapezoid = area x 2 then divide base + height
Solution: 72 x 2= 144 then 24+ 12= 36 then 144/36= 4cm

3. A rectangular water tank measures 4 meters long,3 meters wide and 5 meters high. How
much water can it hold? a. 60 cm3 b. 72 cm3 c. 120 cm3 d. 144 cm3
Answer: a
Clue words: water can it hold = VOLUME of
rectangular prism= L x W x H

Solution: 4 x 3 x 5 = 60 cm3

4. The surface area of a cube is 24 cm2. What is the length of its edge?
a. 6 cm b. 4 cm c. 3 cm d. 2 cm
Answer: D
Solution: Cube Surface Area = 6 x s x s or 6s2
Solution: 24 / 6 = 4 then get its square root = 2 cm

ACTIVITY#10 Solve the following problems

1. The area of the trapezoid is 90 cm2 . Its bases have lengths of 18 cm and 12 cm. What is its
height?
2. What is the area of a triangle whose base is 24 cm and the height is 29 cm?
3. The surface area of a cube is 24 cm2. What is the length of its edge?
4. What is the capacity of the box below?
40 cm
20cm

20cm
Assessment
PART I
Direction: SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS. IDENTIFY THE CLUE WORD TO
DETERMINE THE OPERATION.
1. Ana bought2 ½ kilos of bananas, 2 ¾ kilos of grapes and 5 ¼ kilos of mangoes. How many
kilos of fruits did she buy in all?
2. Mother bought 5 3/4 kilo of rice and 3 1/2 kilo of fish. How many more kilos of rice did she
buy?
3. Jack spent 8 1/2 hours sleeping and 6 1/4 hours studying. How many more hours did he
sleep than study?
4. A string measures 8 1/6 m. John used 4/5 of it to make a décor. What part did he
use?
5. Jess has 12 2/3 meters of ribbon. He used 3/8 of it and stored the rest. How many
meters were stored?
6. A string measures 8 1/6 m. John used 5/6m to make a décor. How many décor
could he make?
7. Jess had51/3 meters of ribbon. He used 8/9 mto decorate his projects. How projects
could be decorated?
8. 6 meters of cloth can be made for 8 rugs . How many rugs can be made for 9 meters?
9. 8 pieces of colored paper are needed to make 4 Valentine’s card. How many cards can be
made for 2 pieces of colored paper?
10. For every 9 minutes, John can solve 2 problems. How many minutes can he solve 3
problems at the same rate?
11. For every 2 boys in the class, there are 3 girls. How many boys are in the class if there are
36 girls in all?
12. The ratio of two numbers is 3:5. If the bigger number is 20, find the smaller number.
13. The ratio of apples to oranges to mangoes is 1:2:3. If there are 30 fruits, how many fruits of
each kind?
14. . Lito got 90% of the 150 words in the Spelling contest. How many words did he spell
correctly?
15. Ana and Karen bought snacks worth P 200.00. Ana paid 65% of this amount and Karen paid
the rest of it. How much did Karen pay?
16. In a class of 45 pupils, 9 pupilsride a tricycle to get to school and the rest of the pupils walk.
What percent of the pupils go to school by walking?
17. The area of the trapezoid is 90 cm2 . Its bases have lengths of 18 cm and 12 cm. What is its
height?
18. What is the area of a triangle whose base is 42 cm and the height is 25 cm?
19. The surface area of a cube is 96 cm2. What is the length of its edge?
20. What is the capacity of the box below?
15 cm
12cm
10cm

PART II Create a model of each Plane and Solid Figures

Assignment:
1. What is the difference between expressions and equation?
2. How do we solve probability?
3. What techniques could be used to analyze data?

Post Assessment
Direction: Solve the following problems:
1. Ana needs 7/8 m for pants and 23/4 m for blouses. How many meters of cloth does she need
in all?
2. For every 9 meters of cloth, a tailor can sew 4 pairs of short pants. How many pairs of short
pants can he sew with 45 meters of cloth?
3. Ana and Karen bought snacks worth P 200.00. Ana paid 25% of this amount and Karen paid
the rest of it. How much did Karen pay
4. The area of the trapezoid is 120 cm2 . Its bases have lengths of 18 cm and 12 cm. What is its
height?
5. A rectangular water tank measures 4 meters long, 7 meters wide and 6 meters high. How
much water can it hold?

Feedback:Send the soft copy of your outputs at the google classroom on or before March 19,
2021. Feel free to send any questions regarding the activities on any of my social platforms
during the scheduled time of consultation.

References:

Prepared by:

LORENZO G. HATE, Ph. D.

[email protected]
09102843160