Lesson 5: Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation

History 
PowerPoint was created by Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin at a software startup in Silicon Valley named Forethought,
Inc. Forethought had been founded in 1983 to create an integrated environment and applications for future personal
computers that would provide a graphical user interface, but it had run into difficulties requiring a "restart" and new plan.
On July 5, 1984, Forethought hired Robert Gaskins as its vice president of product development to create a new
application that would be especially suited to the new graphical personal computers, such as Microsoft
Windows and Macintosh. Gaskins produced his initial description of PowerPoint about a month later (August 14, 1984) in
the form of a 2-page document titled "Presentation Graphics for Overhead Projection. By October 1984 Gaskins had
selected Dennis Austin to be the developer for PowerPoint. Gaskins and Austin worked together on the definition and
design of the new product for nearly a year, and produced the first specification document dated August 21, 1985.This
first design document showed a product as it would look in Microsoft Windows 1.0,which at that time had not been
released.
Development from that spec was begun by Austin in November 1985, for Macintosh first. About six months later, on May
1, 1986, Gaskins and Austin chose a second developer to join the project, Thomas Rudkin. Gaskins prepared two final
product specification marketing documents in June 1986; these described a product for both Macintosh and Windows. At
about the same time, Austin, Rudkin, and Gaskins produced a second and final major design specification document, this
time showing a Macintosh look.
Throughout this development period the product was called "Presenter." Then, just before release, there was a last-
minute check with Forethought's lawyers to register the name as a trademark, and "Presenter" was unexpectedly rejected
because it had already been used by someone else. Gaskins says that he thought of "PowerPoint", based on the
product's goal of "empowering" individual presenters, and sent that name to the lawyers for clearance, while all the
documentation was hastily revised.
Funding to complete development of PowerPoint was assured in mid-January, 1987, when a new Apple Computer
venture capital fund, called Apple's Strategic Investment Group, selected PowerPoint to be its first investment. A month
later, on February 22, 1987, Forethought announced PowerPoint at the Personal Computer Forum in Phoenix; John
Sculley, the CEO of Apple, appeared at the announcement and said "We see desktop presentation as potentially a bigger
market for Apple than desktop publishing."
PowerPoint 1.0 for Macintosh shipped from manufacturing on April 20, 1987, and the first production run of 10,000 units
was sold out.

Definition of PowerPoint
PowerPoint is a highly innovative and versatile program that can ensure you a successful communication whether you’re
presenting in front of potential investors, a lecture theatre or simply in front of your colleagues.

5 BASIC FEATURES
1. Adding Smart Art
Don’t confuse SmartArt with the similarly named WordArt. Where
WordArt just allows you to display text using a wide variety of different
formats and effects, SmartArt is a comprehensive and flexible business
diagram tool that greatly improves upon the ‘Diagram Gallery’ feature
found in previous versions of Office.

Click the insert Smart Chart Graphic to choose from a selection of

options.

SmartArt can be used to create professional diagrams that include pictures and text or combinations of the two. An
obvious use of SmartArt would be to create an organisation chart but it can be used for many different kinds of diagrams
and even to provide some variety to slides using text bullet points.

2. Inserting Shapes
If you need to include some sort of diagram in your presentation, then the quickest and
easiest way is probably to use SmartArt. However, it is important to be able to include
shapes independently of SmartArt and worth being familiar with the various Drawing Tool
format options.

Not only will they be useful if you do need to manually draw a diagram (and SmartArt
doesn’t suit all diagrams), but they can also be applied to objects on a slide that you
might not immediately think of as shapes. For example the box that contains your slide
title or your content. This can be anything from text to a video, or even the individual
shapes in a SmartArt diagram.

As you can see, the gallery of available shapes is very extensive. Once you have
selected your chosen shape, you can just click in your slide to insert a default version of the shape or, to set a
particular size and position, click and drag with the mouse to create the shape and size you want. 
 3. Inserting an Image
Here are two content type icons which appear in new content Placeholders for
inserting pictures. You can Insert Picture from File or Insert Clip Art. Alternatively, the
Illustrations group of the Insert ribbon tab includes the same two tools. In
addition, PowerPoint 2010 has a new ‘Screenshot’ option that allows you to capture
an entire window or part of a window for inclusion on a slide. You can also copy any
image and just paste it directly to a slide.

Insert Picture from File allows you to browse to an image file saved somewhere on
your system whereas Clip Art is held in an indexed gallery of different media types.
Clip Art is not limited to pictures: ‘The Results should be:’ box lets you choose
between: ‘All media file types’ and one or more of the following different types:

Illustrations
Photographs
Video
Audio

Once you have found the image you want to use, click on it to insert it into the current slide. You can now re-size and
move the image accordingly with further editing options available when you right click the desired image.

4. Slide Transitions
Properly used, slide transitions can be make your presentations clearer and more
interesting and, where appropriate, more fun. Badly used, the effect of slide
transitions can be closer to irritating or even nauseating. Simple animation effects
are often used to add interest to bullet point text. Much more extreme animation
effects are available but, in most cases, should be used sparingly if at all.

Two main kinds of animation are available in a PowerPoint presentation: the

transition from one slide to the next and the animation of images/text on a
specific slide. 

In PowerPoint 2010 & 2013 there is also a separate Transitions ribbon tab that includes a gallery of different transition
effects. These can be applied to selected slides or all slides. If you want to apply different transition effects to different
groups of slides, then you might want to choose ‘Slide Sorter’ view from the Presentation Views group of the View ribbon.

5. Adding Animations
Whereas the transition effects are limited to a single event per slide, animations
can be applied to every object on a slide – including titles and other text boxes.
Many objects can even have animation applied to different components, for
example each shape in a SmartArt graphic, each paragraph in a text box and each
column in a chart. Animations can be applied to three separate ‘events’ for each
object:

 Entrance – how the object arrives on the slide

 Emphasis – an effect to focus attention on an object while it is visible
 Exit – how the object disappears from the slide

To apply an animation effect, choose the object or objects to be animated, then

choose Animation Styles or Add Animation from the Animations toolbar.

Where an animation is applied to an object with different components (for instance a SmartArt graphic made up of several
boxes), the Effect Options tool becomes available to control how each component will be animated. So for example, your
animation can be used to introduce elements of an organisation chart to your slide one by one.

Hyperlinks and Embedding Files and Data

Hyperlink is an element in an HTML document that links to either another portion of the document or to another
document altogether. On Webpages, hyperlinks are usually colored purple or blue and are sometimes underlined.

A hyperlink can be thought of as an interface that links a source to a target. Clicking the hyperlink at the source will
navigate to the target. Hyperlinks can assume any of the following appearances:

 Text

 Images
 URLs
 Controls (for example, a button)

Anchor text is a type of hyperlink represented by plain text. Anchor text is very important in SEO (search engine
optimization).
 Using Hyperlinks in Microsoft PowerPoint:
1. Select an object or highlight a text.

2. Go to Insert > Hyperlinks (under links category) or use the shortcut key Ctrl + K. The insert Hyperlink dialog box
would appear.

Link to Options:
a. Existing File or Web Page – creates a hyperlink to website or a local file saved in your hard drive. Just browse your
file in the dialog box or type the web address.
b. Place in This Document – creates a hyperlink that allows you to jump to a specific slide in your presentation.
c. Create a New Document – creates a hyperlink that once clicked, creates a new document on your specified location.
d. E-mail Address – creates a hyperlink that opens Microsoft Outlook that automatically adds your specified recipient on
a new email.

3. When done, click OK to apply your hyperlink.

Embedding Objects in Microsoft PowerPoint

Embedding objects is easy using PowerPoint Presentation. With this option, you can insert an Excel file that would look
like a table to a PowerPoint Presentation.

Embedding an Excel File to your PowerPoint Presentation

1. Go to the Insert tab.
2. On the Text group, click on Object.
3. The Insert Object dialog box would appear:

Options:
a. Create New – creates a new file from scratch. You can select on a wide variety of files listed.
b. Create from File – creates a file from an existing file saved on your hard drive; simply browse the file to use it. Putting a
check on the “link” option will allow you to modify the Excel file inside your PowerPoint Presentation.

4. Once you are done, click OK.

 Lesson 6: Imaging and Design for Online Environment

Basic Principles of Graphics and Layout

1. Balance. The visual weight of objects, texture, colors, and space is evenly distributed on the screen.
2. Emphasis. An area in the design that may appear different in size, texture, shape or color to attract the viewer’s
attention.
3. Movement. Visual elements guide the viewer’s eyes around the screen.
4. Pattern, Repetition, and Rhythm. These are the repeating visual element on an image or layout to create unity in
the layout or image. Rhythm is achieved when visual elements create a sense of organized movement.
5. Proportion. Visual elements create a sense of unity where they relate well with one another.
6. Variety. This uses several design elements to draw a viewer’s attention.

Infographics
Information graphics or infographics are used to represent information, statistical data, or knowledge in a graphical
manner usually done in a creative way to attract the viewer’s attention.

Online Image File Formats

*When inserting text to a web page, you can simply copy a text to your html editor, or you can upload it on a website as a
PDF file. Most browsers support “add-ons” so that you can open PDF files without leaving the browser.

Principles and Basic Techniques of Image Manipulation

1. Choose the right file format. Try to make a real-life photograph into GIF to see the difference between PNG,
GIF, and JPEG. Knowing the purpose is the key to finding out the best file format.
2. Choose the right image size. A camera with 12 megapixels constitutes to a bigger image size. Monitors have a
resolution limit, so even if you have a million megapixels, it will not display everything.
3. Caption it. Remember to put a caption on images whenever possible. If it is not related to the web page, then
remove it.

Sharing Photos with Photobucket

There are plenty of free image hosting sites out there, and Photobucket is one of the oldest. Here’s how to access it:
1. There are plenty of free image hosting sites out there, and Photobucket is one of the oldest. Here’s how to
access it:
2. Once your account is set up and you are already logged in, click the Start Uploading button.

3. A new page will load allowing you to drag and drop your photos or to choose them manually or to choose an
entire folder to upload. Select a folder, add a password (optional), then feel free to upload any photos you have
right then.
 4. Once selected, a progress bar will appear indicating that the image is uploading. This may take a moment and
will depend on your Internet connection. Once you are done, you will see an indicator similar to the one shown in
the image below.

a. View Uploads – views photos you just uploaded which also grants you options to share and edit them individually
b. Share Album – shares everything you just uploaded plus the other contents of your specified folder
c. Edit Photos – uses Photobucket’s photo editing tools to manipulate your image

5. Let us just assume you will share a photo individually. To do this, click on View Uploads. Once the page loads,
click the photo you want to share.

6. On the top of the image, you will see the following options:

A – shares your photo directly to social media and blogging platforms: Facebook, Twitter, Google+, Tumblr, and Pinterest,
respectively
B – gives you a variety of link codes for HTML, Forums, Emails, Instant Messaging, and a direct link
C – shares your image via email
D – allows you to download your image
E – shares your image to social media sites with the option to add a custom message

7. You may choose to share your photo to your friends on Facebook. If you are done sharing, you may now log off
and close the browser.