ST.

XAVIER’S SCHOOL
DORANDA, RANCHI
TOPICS FOR ISC PROJECT
CLASS XII A, B, C
English I (Language)
Make a project on these two topics: (BOTH COMPULSORY)
1.) Cinema influences us a lot and also the lives of famous personalities depicted in the
movies/series/documentaries affect us in a big way. Some lives mould us to be
enthusiastic and motivated, the others teach us what should not be done. Both try to
make us better individuals. Write about any such personality (negative/positive)
depicted in a biopic that you have watched recently stating what did it offer for the
viewers to learn from it. (500 words)

2.) Write a review of any of the books on fantasy category taking into view the following
points: (350 words)
1.) Title, price, publisher, cover and design.
2.) The contents and its critical evaluation
3.) Some interesting, memorable lines from the text
4.) Comparisons and contrasts with the other books of same genre
5.) Final opinion/ recommendation to the readers.
English II (Literature in English)
Choose any one topic and make a project on the same. (CHOOSE ONE)
1.) In ‘The Tempest’ Ariel is the air spirit and Caliban the earth spirit. Ariel’s very being
is spun on melody and fragrance while Caliban represents both body and soul, a sort
of intermediary between man and brute. Compare and contrast the characters Ariel
and Caliban from William Shakespeare’s The Tempest’.
OR
2.) The writers often tend to use Nature and its elements to display their temperament and
mood in their writings which supports the underlying theme of it. Thomas Hardy
brings about the stark reality of nature to display his pessimism and hope of a better
future whereas Robert Frost presents it with symbolism and deep meaning revealing a
philosophy of life.
Bring out the similarity and the differences in their approach in treating Nature in
their poems The Darkling Thrush and Birches with special reference to their
themes.
OR
3.) Hope and Joy are the emotions felt too closely by the protagonists in The Story of an
Hour and The Singing Lesson. With reference to the central characters, discuss the
4.) theme of despair and joy in the two stories bringing out the similarity and differences
in their themes.

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES:

1.) The Projects are for ISC Board.
 2.) Handwriting should be neat and clear.
3.) Make these Projects separately; one for language and one for literature.
4.) Write relevant matter and make it very creative.
5.) Relevant pictures and quotations must be there. Pictures only on the non-ruled
sheet and write on the ruled side.
6.) Proper heading should be written in BOLD.
7.) Significant lines, phrases and dialogues should be highlighted.
8.) This will be checked, evaluated by the external examiners therefore do your best.
9.) Do not use red and green ink.
10.) Cover the projects neatly with relevant details on the cover-page itself.
(Subject, topic, submitted by and submitted to.) It should be clear and legible.

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PROJECT REPORT
CLASS XII
PHYSICS
SEMICONDUCTORS AND SEMI CONDUCTING DIODES
Semi Conductors: Definition of energy band. Explanation of valence band conduction band and
energy gap. Definition of energy gap. Definition and comparison of metals, semiconductors and
insulators on the basis of band theory. Types of semiconductors i.e p-type and n- type
semiconductors. Energy band diagrams for n-type and p-type semiconductors. Detailed explanation
of formation of p-type and n-type semiconductors with necessary diagrams wherever necessary.
Concept of doping and doping with trivalent impurity and pentavalent impurity.

Semiconducting diodes
Formation of p-n junction, Detailed analysis of formation of p-n junction and semiconducting diode.
Biasing of p-n junction diode i.e., forward biasing and reverse biasing with proper diagrams
wherever necessary. Rectifiers and Diode as half wave and full wave rectifiers.

MATHEMATICS
Students are expected to complete two projects, one
from Section A and one from either Section B or Section C.
Section A
1.Using a graph, demonstrate a function which is one-onebut not
onto.
2.Verify the consistency of the system of three linearequations of
two variables andverify the same graphically. Give its
geometricalinterpretation.
3.Draw the graph of y = sin-1x (or any other inversetrigonometric
function), usingthe graph of y = sin x (or any other relevant
trigonometricfunction). Demonstratethe concept of mirror line
(about y = x) and findits domain and range.
4.Explain the concepts of increasing and decreasingfunctions, using
geometricalsignificance of dy/dx. Illustrate with proper examples.
5.Explain the conditional probability, the theorem oftotal probability
and theconcept of Bayes’ theorem with suitable examples.
Section B
1.Describe the geometrical interpretation of scalartriple product and
for a givendata, find the scalar triple product.
2.Find the image of a line with respect to a given plane.
3.Find the area bounded by a parabola and an oblique line.
Section C
1.Draw a rough sketch of Cost (C), Average Cost (AC)and Marginal
Cost (MC)OR Revenue (R), Average Revenue (AR) and Marginal
Revenue(MR).Give their mathematical interpretation using the
conceptof increasing – decreasing functions and maxima-minima.
2.Draw the scatter diagram for a given data. Use itto draw the lines
of best fit and estimate the value of Y when X is given and vice-versa.
3.Using any suitable data, find the Optimum cost inthe
manufacturing problem by formulating a linear programming
problem (LPP).

BIOLOGY PROJECT CLASS 12 (SESSION 2021-22)

Students can choose any other project besides the ones indicated in the list. Following is only a
suggestive list of topics:

(i) Genetic disorders

(ii) Gene therapy
(iii) Human Genome Project
(iv) DNA fingerprinting
(v) Bio-piracy
(vi) Cancer.
(vii) AIDS/Hepatitis.
(viii) Drug addiction and community.
(ix) Role of micro-organisms in industry.
(x) Human population.
(xi) Mendelian Inheritance
(xii) Environmental resistance.
(xiii) Traditional and modern methods: Study of a few traditional methods of pest deterrence vis-a-vis
modern methods of pest control - viability of traditional methods in today's scenario and limitations
and dangers of modern methods.
(xiv) Role of agrochemicals in increasing food production.
FORMAT OF THE PROJECT:
(To be written on loose interleaf pages arranged in biology practical file)

– Content /Index
– Introduction
– Presentation (graphs, tables, charts, newspaper cuttings, handmade diagrams, photographs,
statistical analysis if relevant)
– Conclusion/ Summary
– Bibliography

Projects should be handwritten by the candidate. Written pages should not exceed 15-20 pages.

COMMERCE STREAM
Instruction on Project:
Dear Students,
You have been provided with two Project topics each in Accountancy, Commerce and
Economics.
1. The project must be hand written, you can use a printout for the cover page
only.
2. You must use separate files for each projects in all the subjects.
3. You can use Pictures, graphs if necessary, in the project.
4. The format of certificate and acknowledgement is given. It should be strictly
followed in all the projects.
Page 1 : Cover Page
Project title

Name:

Class: Roll No (Board)

School

Submitted to : (Teacher’s Name)

Page 2: Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. /Ms........................ of Class XII of .........................School has
completed his/her project under my supervision. He/she has taken proper care and
shown utmost sincerity in completing this project.
I certify that this project is up to my expectations and as per the guidelines issued by
ISC council

(Signature) (Signature)
Internal Examiner External Examiner
 Page 3: Acknowledgement
I express my profound gratitude and sincere thanks to Mr./Ms..................................
my teacher who guided me through the project and also gave valuable suggestions
and guidance for preparing the project. He/she helped me understand the method in
which project is prepared, how the important terms are highlighted and remember
important details of the project that i would have otherwise lost and their
importance in Viva voce.
Name of Student
Roll No: Signature
Page 4: Index
Page 5: Question
Page 6 (onwards): Solution of the question
Second last page: Conclusion:
Last page: Bibliography

Project 1:
Work Problem (Accounts)
Deepali Dutta and Manju Choudhary, school time friends met at the school
reunion. Deepali had become a fashion designer and had worked for few years
with a leading fashion designer. Manju after completing her MBA in marketing
had worked with a leading retail store. At the meeting they had a brief
discussion about setting up own stores of clothing for teens and agreed to
meet later and discuss the business prospects:
They met sometime in January 2019 and after discussion decided to set up
stores of ready-made clothes catering to the teens since a very large
population of teens having disposable incomes and being willing to spend. The
trend was on the increase. The first store was decided to be operative from
15th April 2019.
They decided to produce and sell clothes which were not expensive as it will
give the customer value for money and in the process, turnover will increase
because of which profit will also increase. They decided to open the flagship
store on park street, Kolkata. The name decided was C4T short form of “
Clothing 4 Teens”.
They discussed and finalised the business plan, capital requirement and
sources, etc. Deepali was to design the clothes and source the material besides
identifying tailoring source, which was to be outsourced. Manju, besides
looking after marketing, was to identify place for store on rent, renovate it and
take care of the legal aspects. It was agreed that each partner will contribute
initially Rs.5,00,000 (Five lakhs only) towards capital.
Manju employed Mr. Sengupta, an experienced accountant and requested him
to draw the partnership deed and get the firm registered under the applicable
laws. She gave him the terms of partnership agreed between her and Deepali.
Manju identified a shop measuring 800sqft, finalised the rent and entered into
agreement. It was agreed that rent for the shop will be Rs. 15,000 (fifteen
thousand) per month starting 1st April 2019 and in between period will be
utilised for furnishing the shop. A security deposit was to be given equal to six
months’ rent which Manju paid from her savings account. It was to be adjusted
against her capital contribution. Also she paid security deposits of Rs.5,000 (
five thousand) and Rs. 2000 (two thousand) towards electricity and telephone
respectively.
A bank account is opened with ICICI bank in the name of C4T in which they
deposited cheques of Rs.5,00,000 (five lakhs) each. Manju issued cheques for
security deposits for rent, electricity and telephone from her personal bank
account. Shop renovation expense was Rs. 3,50,000 (three lakh fifty thousand)
which was paid. A website was set up to attract mail orders. Website designing
and hosting expense came to Rs.1,00,000 (one lakh). Rent for website space
was Rs.20,000 (twenty thousand) payable from 1st April 2020. A computer and
printer was purchased for Rs. 50,000 (fifty thousand). The firm took a term
loan of Rs. 10,00,000 (Ten lakhs) from the bank repayable in 20 equal quarterly
instalments. First instalment was to be paid on 30th June 2019. The bank
granted the loan bearing interest @12% per annum. Loan repayment schedule
was as follows:

Date Principle (Rs.) Interest (Rs) Total (Rs.)

June 30, 2019 50,000 30,000 80,000
September 30, 50,000 28500 78500
2019
December 31 50,000 27000 77500
2019
March 31 2029 50,000 25500 75500

It was the firm’s policy that all payments shall be made by cheques and also
cash sales shall be deposited in the bank next morning. At the end of the year,
their transactions besides the above were as follows:

Particulars Amt
Sales (credit sales being Rs. 55,00,000) 80,00,000
Purchases (credit purchases being Rs. 20,00,000) 60,00,000
Electricity expenses 1,20,000
Job work charges 2,15,000
Cartage inwards 1,00,000
Courier and postage 50,000
Travelling and conveyance 1,00,000
Exhibition expenses 75,000
Repairs and maintenance 1,10,000
Insurance expenses 35,000
Telephone expenses 50,000
Salary 2,80,000
Rent 1,80,000
a. The firm received bills of exchange from the debtors of Rs.50,00,000
during the year, out of which bills of exchange of Rs.40,00,000 became
due and were received
b. The firm gave acceptance to creditors of Rs.18,00,000 during the year,
out of which acceptance of Rs.12,00,000 were met. At the year end,
creditors stood at Rs.1,00,000.
c. Depreciation @10% on Furniture and Fittings and 30% on computers
were charged. Website expenses were amortised over 4 years.
d. Drawings by the partners were Rs.12,000 per month each.
e. An amount of Rs.5,00,000 was placed in fixed deposit as on 31st
December 2019 with bank carrying interest on 10% per annum.
f. Closing stock was physically verified by the partners at the year end. It
was valued at lower of cost or net realised value. Closing stock was
valued at Rs.20,50,000 being cloth stock of Rs.15,00,000 and apparels
stock of Rs.5,50,000
g. Insurance premium paid on 1st july 2019 for one year.
h. Salary outstanding was Rs.25,000 for the last month.
A fixed deposit is for three years and therefore the interest can be realised at
the end of the period.
You have maintain the complete set of books of accounts and compute the
profit earned or loss incurred by the firm and compare its performance with
the industry standards which are as follows:
a) Gross profit ratio – 40%
b) Net profit ratio – 27.5%
c) Debt to equity ratio – 1
d) Proprietary ratio – 1
e) Inventory turnover ratio – 4.50 times
f) Working capital turnover ratio – 4 times
g) Operating ratio – 75%
h) Current ratio – 2
i) Trade receivable turnover ratio – 5 times
j) Trade payable turnover ratio – 5 times.

Project 2:
Dabur Ltd was registered with a nominal capital of 2,50,000 equity shares of
Rs.10each, of which 1,50,000 equity shares had been issued. The following
balances have been extracted from the books of said company as at 31st march
2019:
Cash in hand 2500 Computer software 50,000
Sundry creditors 4,000 Loose tools 6,000
Provision for 28,000 Sundry Debtors 90,000
contingencies
6% govt. Securities 20,000 Share capital: 1,50,000 9,00,000
shares of Rs.6 paid up
Revenue Reserves 10,600 Unclaimed Dividend 11,000
Profit and loss statement 42,600 Capital redemption reserve 20,000
(Surplus)
Secured loans from Bank 28,000 Debenture Redemption 48,000
Reserves
Public deposits 1,80,000 Buildings 3,80,000
(unsecured)
Short term borrowings 75,000 Stock – in – Trade 2,60,000
Balances and Deposit with 9,000 Bank balances:
excise Authorities
Deposits accounts for 90 25,000
 days 50,000
Current accounts
Goodwill 1,00,000 Machinery 1,50,000
Brands 30,000 Furniture and fixtures 31,500
Provision for tax 12,000 Advance for expenses 8,000
Accrued interest 2,000 Office equipments 90,000
Stores and spares 23,200 Bills receivables 30,000
Securities deposit for 3,000 Bills payables 2,000
internet connect
Money received against 1,25,000 Interest accrued and due 9,000
share warrants on borrowings
Other non current assets 1,25,000 7%, 5 years Infra Bonds 10,000
For the above balances, prepare company’s balance sheet in prescribed form.
The information available – bills discounted but not matured Rs.40,000.

Commerce
Project 1:
ABC limited is a cosmetic company. It is targeting customers in the medium
income group so as to increase its turnover and is projecting to capture
revenue of around Rs 20 crore by the end of the year.
ABC Ltd. Came across few new entrants in the cosmetic market with the same
customer base focus. To maintain its position and safeguard its revenue
interest, ABC Ltd. employed its best professionals in the field of marketing,
finance, technological upgradation to come up with the solutions. On their
advice, ABC Ltd. decided to expand its operations to cross border places. New
techniques were employed to manufacture cosmetics that can reduce the cost
of production in other countries.
In the light of above mentioned case, highlight and detail all the features of
business environment with suitable examples.

Synopsis of the project:

1: Cover page
2: Certificate
3: Acknowledgement
4: Index
5: Project Question (case study)
6: Introduction (Business Environment definition and scope)
7: Details (Answer of the case)
8: Conclusion (Why it is important to study the aspects of business
environment)
9: Bibliography

Project 2:
Business Plan
You are hypothetically been provided with a capital of Rs.10,00,000 (Ten lakhs
only). Choose any one topic from the following list:
1. Launching your own brand of apparels.
2. Opening up of a Restaurant/ food joint.
3. Launching your own brand of cosmetics.
4. Opening of an Institution/ coaching for competitive preparation.
5. Launching your own brand of Automobiles (Car/Bike)
Synopsis:
1. You need to launch your own brand with a Brand name, Logo and a tag
line for the product/ service.
2. You need to cover all the aspects of Marketing mix:
a. Product: Unique selling preposition (USP) of your product and
comparative analysis with at-least two similar competitive
products.
b. Price: i. What will be the selling price of the product or service
and how much margin will be included as profit.
ii. what will be price range (if products have different
ranges)
c. Place: How will you deliver the product to different cities (supply
chain management plan)
d. Promotions : i. What kind of promotions (Advertisements, sales
promotions) will be used to increase sales.
ii. You can choose any of the brand ambassador for
your product/ service (need to justify why you have chosen
him/her)
3. Hypothetically you need to run the business for one year and show the
profit/losses incurred in one year of your business.
4. Conclusion: calculate the return on Investment (ROI) and mention the
limitations/ difficulties faced.
 ECONOMICS
Candidates will be expected to have completed two projects from any topic
covered in Theory. The practical work will be assessed by the teacher and a
Visiting Examiner appointed locally and approved by the Council. The page
limit for each of the project should be at least 25 pages inclusive of the
following:
• Cover Page bearing the name of the topic correctly and the student
credentials (name of student, class, roll number, subject.)
• Certificate
• Acknowledgement
• Index
• Introduction
• Content of the Project
• Statistics
• Relevance in Indian Economy
• Suggestions/ Findings
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
Note the following: - All pages should be numbered correctly. Avoid the use
of pencil except for drawings/diagrams. Mention the topics or headings of
the content of the project clearly. Include relevant pictures and label them.
Make borders properly in every white side of the project paper used.
A list of suggested Project topics is given below:
1. Study a Public Sector Enterprise with reference to its relevance to the
Indian Economy and its prospects. Analyse the trend of its growth for
the last ten years.
2. Conduct a Socio-Economic survey of a locality (minimum sample size
should be 30 households) with reference to: (a) Demographic features.
(b) Consumption Pattern – Expenditure on necessities, comforts, and
luxuries. (c) Occupational structure.
3. Compare the contribution made by different sectors of the economy
towards GDP growth during the planning period.
4. Prepare a report on the competition in the Aviation Sector in India with
reference to: (a) Performance of the Public Sector and Private Sector. (b)
Operational strategies adopted by budget/low-cost carriers.
5. Make a comparative analysis of lending performance of five Commercial
Banks in the past six years with reference to the changing CRR and SLR.
6. Many thinkers believe that we are rapidly depleting our natural
resources. Assume that there are only two inputs (labour and natural
resources) producing two goods (wheat and gasoline) with no
improvement in technology over time. Show what would happen to the
Production Possibility Curve over time as natural resources are
exhausted. How would invention and technological improvement modify
your answer? Based on this example, explain why it is said “economic
growth is a race between depletion and invention.”
7. Make a comparative study of the allocation of financial resources of the
Central Government Budget on Agriculture, Defence, Industry and
Education in the last ten years. Prepare a report on your observations.
8. Prepare a trend Analysis of Growth and Productivity of any one industry
such as: Textile / Automobiles / Electronic and Tele-communication, etc.
in India for the past ten years.