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Periodic Table Reviewer

The periodic table has evolved over time as scientists discovered more elements and recognized patterns in their properties. Dmitri Mendeleev is credited with creating one of the first recognizable periodic tables in 1869 by arranging the 63 known elements according to recurring properties. Henry Moseley later modified the periodic law by arranging elements by atomic number instead of atomic mass, establishing atomic number as the fundamental property determining an element's place on the periodic table. The modern periodic table continues to be refined as new elements are discovered and classified.

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75 views3 pages

Periodic Table Reviewer

The periodic table has evolved over time as scientists discovered more elements and recognized patterns in their properties. Dmitri Mendeleev is credited with creating one of the first recognizable periodic tables in 1869 by arranging the 63 known elements according to recurring properties. Henry Moseley later modified the periodic law by arranging elements by atomic number instead of atomic mass, establishing atomic number as the fundamental property determining an element's place on the periodic table. The modern periodic table continues to be refined as new elements are discovered and classified.

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anonymous
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PERIODIC TABLE

HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODIC TABLE

IN THE BEGINNING:

-Discovery of individual elements


-Au, Ag, Sn, Cu, Pb, Hg had been known already since ancient times

JOHANN DOBERENEIR

•In 1817 he proposed the nature of triad of elements


•Halogen triad (Cl, Br, I)
•Alkali metal triad (Li, Na, K)
•The middle element had properties that were an average of the other two members when
ordered by the atomic weight (Law of Triads)

JOHN NEWLANDS

•In 1863, Newlands proposed and developed the “law of octaves”


•When elements are listed by increasing atomic weight, the 8th elements is similar to the 1st , the
9th to the 2nd and so forth.

LOTHARMEYER

•In 1869, he compiled a Periodic Table of 56 elements based on the periodicity of properties
such as molar volume when arranged in order of atomic weight.

DMITRI MENDELEEV

•Produced a table based on atomic weights but arranged periodically with elements with similar
properties under each other
•Gaps were left for unknown elements at that time.

HENRY MOSELEY

•Determined the atomic number of each of the element using the X-ray spectrum.
•He modified the Periodic Law to read that the properties of the elements vary periodically with
their atomic numbers.

WILLIAM RAMSAY

Discovered the noble gases


GLEN SEABORG

Synthesized transuranic elements (the element after uranium in the periodic table) These new
elements were part of a new block of the periodic table called actinides.

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

•Is a tabular display of the chemical elements, organized on the basis of their atomic numbers
and chemical properties.
•Elements are arranged according to their increasing atomic number from left to right.

PERIODIC TABLE

Period – elements in the horizontal row

Group – elements in the vertical column

-also called family

Family A – Representative Elements

Family B – Transition Elements

CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS

METALS

•They are shiny, especially when they are freshly cut.

•They are good conductors of both heat and electricity.

•They can be bent without breaking (they are malleable)

NON-METALS

•they are dull (not shiny)

•they are poor conductors of heat and electricity (they are insulators)

•they are weak and brittle (they easily break or shatter)

METALLOIDS

Intermediate between those of metals and non-metals


ATOMIC RADII

•This is taken to be one-half half the distance of closest approach between atoms in an
elemental substance
•The size of the atom is determined largely by its valence electrons because they occupy the
outermost orbitals.
•Two factors are important: (1) the shell in which the valence electrons are found and (2) the
strength of the interaction between the nucleus and the valence electrons.

IONIZATION ENERGY

•Ionization energy is defined as the energy required to remove an electron from an atom,
forming a positively charged cation.
•It is a measure of how difficult it is to remove an electron.
•Energy must always be absorbed to bring about the ionization, so ionization energies are
always positive quantities.
•The first ionization energy is the energy change for the removal of the outermost electron from
an atom to form a +1 ion.
•The more difficult it is to remove electron, the larger the ionization energy.

ELECTRON AFFINITY

•It is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons.


•The greater the electro negativity of an atom, the greater its attraction for electrons.

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