Spektrum Dan Waveform
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zona amrullohSpektrum Dan Waveform
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zona amrullohWhere: tMAX = Total Sampling Period setting how often amplitude is measured and stored (sec).
Sample Size = Number of Analog to Digital Conversions to be used to Construct the Time Waveform
(Samples- most often 1024 Samples to provide a 400 line FFT).
F MAX = Maximum Spectral Frequency or Frequency Span (CPM).
FIGURE 14
COMPARISON OF TIME & FREQUENCY DOMAINS (Ref. 14)
Until now in this paper, all the illustrated measurements have been shown in the time domain
where the X-axis is time (sec or min.) while the Y-axis is a vibration amplitude measure
(displacement, velocity or acceleration). Displaying and using the time domain is a very precise
method in which to display the actual (total) machine motion and to analyze the various vibration
parameters. However, analyzing the time waveform itself can be very cumbersome and labor
intensive when frequency needs to be determined. Here, the time duration from one peak of
interest to the next similar peak must be determined to calculate the vibration period (sec/cycle)
as seen in Figures 6 and 16. This cycle time or period (T) must then be inverted to obtain
frequency (F) and then converted to the proper frequency units (C P M, C P S, Hertz).
To simplify this process, vibration instruments are able to develop what is known as a Fast
Fourier Transform (FFT). An FFT is the computer (microprocessor) transformation from time
domain data (amplitude versus time) into frequency domain data (amplitude versus frequency).
This FFT calculation technique was developed by Baron J ean Baptiste Fourier over 100 years
ago. Fourier stated that any real-world sine waveform can combine to make another more
complicated waveform as was seen in Figure 14; and vice versa, any complicated real-world
waveform can be separated into its simple sine waveform components. This is illustrated in Figure
16 where: (a) a total time waveform is captured in the time domain; where in (b) this time domain
waveform is separated into its separate sine waveforms and displayed in three dimensional
coordinates of amplitude, time and frequency. As the sine waves are separated from the
combined waveform, the frequency of each sine wave is determined and the sine waves are
