CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Stress is a fact of everyday life, when people reach out for help, they

are often dealing with circumstances, situations and stressors in their lives

that leave them feeling emotionally and physically overwhelmed. Many

people feel that they have stressors or source of stress in a moderate or high

level of stress they areexperiencing. Stress is a normal part of life in small

quantities, stress is also good, it can motivates us and help us to become

more productive. However too much stress or too much level of stress, and a

strong response to stress can be harmful. How we perceive a stress and how

we react to it determines its level to the student’s and its effect on their

Academic Performance.

Institutional level stressors are overcrowded lecture hans, semester

system and inadequate resources to perform work (Awino&Aqolla 2008).

The pressure to perform well in the examination or test and time allocated

1
makes academic environment very stressful (Erkutle& Chafra,2008)

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The very mention word stress bring though such as increased rate of

worriedness, anxiety and even depression and some cardiovascular disease

and other potentially life-threatening issues to one’s mind, Oftentimes

student rushes from one to one end of campus to the other, trying o make

their next class on time especially to the backloaders students. Since their

classes scheduled back to back there is a lessen or no time to even eat. Take,

for instance, it is two o’clock and student is extremely hungry. This week

they are meeting with a study group this afternoon on rushed presentation.

Too bad they have also got three assignment due tomorrow, so it look like

they will not be getting much sleep tonight.

The fact is indisputable that, having the above introductory paragraph

as schedule, in reality will certainly make students be tensed up. Yet, those

are the hectic routines we experience as students these days. We feel lost,

overwhelmed, frozen or unable to cope when con fronted with so many

tasks. Busy scheduled crammed with studies can take a toll on students

2
physical and mental health, especially if one is not eating or sleeping

properly. If untreated, these stressors can compound over time, leading to

even greater level of stress it is also worth nothing that stress is an inevitable

part of the students life; as it takes toll in most student physical health,

emotional wellbeing and academic performance.

Extreme levels of stress can hinder studies effectiveness and lead to

poor academic performance it goes on affirm that, students who experienced

stressful life also reported worse health outcomes and reduced quality of life

even as we delve into the core of the subject matter, ample attention needs to

be accorded the proposal that, introducing successful coping strategies may

help students to avoid destructive consequence of excessive stress. The

Kasiglahan Village Senior High School at San Jose Rodriguez Rizal

provides a good quality learning intended for Senior High School student’s

gaining knowledge is possible in this School.

The purpose of this study is to give information to the people

especially to the student and what are the causes of their stress and what

would be the negative and positive effects to their academic performance, in

3
this case it will show the reasons and opinions of the students regarding to

the topic and to determine what are they some possible techniques manage

their stress. It also show that stress doesn’t choose any age, child, adult or

Student because its normal in life of people

4
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Input Process Output

A. Profile of the A. Collection of A. Result

respondents in data by  Can
terms of: using cooperate
 Age questionnair in the
 Gender e or survey class
 Average B. Analysis and  Can focus
B. The causes of interpretatio on their
their stress in n of data reviewer
studying  Can
 Project communic
 Assignments ate
 Test Scores properly
 Exam B. Action
 Other
C. Possible effects
of stress to the
Academic
Performance
 Cannot focus
on their
reviewer
 Motivated
 Worry
D. The level of
stress students

FEEDBACK

9
 In order to meet the general objectives (aim) this study wants wake up

their mind to become more aware of their stress, let’s face the fact the health

is really important. The researchers wants to lessen the amount of their stress

and give them awareness to their health,Everybodyshould take these things

seriously.

In the diagram, it shows the flow of our study, the direction how the

study will end up credible answers and solutions to their struggles. The first

part of the diagram shows the input , in this part the needed information are

shown and enumerated. the information will serve as the lead or basis of our

study. The second part is the process shows what will be the Analysis and

treatment of the researchers with the given data collected and how are they

going to use it as their basis. The output which is the last part of in this

diagram shows the completed product of the whole study.

10
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Research is carried to determine the level of stress of the student and

its factors that are influencing the intellectual abilities of the students that

will affect on their Academic Performance and to know some possible

techniques by the students.

This study determine by answering the following question:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1Age

1.2Gender

1.3Average

2. What is the most influential Stressors to the students?

3. In stress what are the social factors that influence the intellectual

abilities of the students?

4. What does the student feels when they are stressed?

5. What are the Levels of the Stress of the Students?

6. How do the students manage their stress and/or What are the

techniques that they are using to cope up with their stress?

5
HYPHOTHESIS

There is no association of gender with students stress level

There is no significant relation between the age of being stressed and

Academic performance.

6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is beneficial not just to the researcher but also to students

and teacher. This study can help one individual to know the importance of

being punctual and also to know the factors that affects being stress.

FOR THE STUDENTS

This study is beneficial for the students, for them to be able to aware about

their stress. These studies will the students to think their responsibility, and

to think their emotions that cause their stress.

FOR THE TEACHERS

The teachers, for them to be able to guide without distraction and also

to be able to give their advice to conduct strategies of these are student still

experience stress.

FOR THE RESEARCHERS

The researcher, through this study the researcher will be able to know the

effects of level of stress of students and for the future researcher; this study

will help the future researcher as their guide.

11
FOR THE PARENTS

For the parents, this study will help them to make their child be more

punctual and for them to be able to guide them and to meet what are the

needs of their children.

FOR THE COMMUNITY

For the community, this study will help all of us to be aware or to

think the negative effects of the emotions that we feel, and we need to give

an attention on that problem.

FORTHEADMINISTRATION

For the Administration, to be able to conduct the stress management

strategies to lessen the amount of student stress.

12
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Theories of Stress and the Stress Process

Stress has been conceptualized by several models that are similar in

describing the stress process. The stress process has typically been

examined in terms of stressors, stress mediators, and stress outcomes

(Pearl in, 1989). One of the more well-known stress models is the ABCX

model (Hill, 1949) Simply stated, A represents the stressor(s), stimulus, or

event. B equals an individual's resources to cope with the stressor. C stands

for the individual's definition or perception of the event. And X represents

the outcomeof ABC, or the crisis. Stress occurs when resources are weak or

absent, and perceptionsof the event are negative.

The double ABCX model (McCubbin& Patterson, 1983) differs from

Hill's model in that stressors and strains are discussed in terms of building

or piling up overtime. The individual or family must readapt to the stressors

and strains by using orrenewing resources and reorganizing perceptions of

the stressors.

Dollahite (1991) created the ABCDXYZ Resource Management Model

8
of crisis and stress. This model applies to individuals in a family context and

also to families ingeneral. The ABCDXYZ model is thought to be both

descriptive and prescriptive of theprocess that occurs in many individuals

and families and can be useful in crisis and stress management (Dollahite,

1991). Dollahite highlights the demands (D), coping (Y), and adaptive

behaviors (Z) families utilize to cope with the stressor(s). The model

representsthe interaction between the stressor, the demands of the

situation, the coping resources, and how the situation is defined by the

individual/family (Dollahite, 1991 ). TheABCDXYZ model is similar to Lazarus

and Folkman's (1984) transaction model of stresswhereby the level of

stress experienced depends on how a person appraises the situation and

adapts to ir --there is a transaction between personal resources and the

situation.

In conclusion, several stress models concur with and describe the

general stress process of stressors, moderators, and outcomes. Emphasis is

given to the regulation of stress outcomes through the use or activation of

personal and/or physical resources.

9
SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study is focused on the Grade 11and 12 student’s of Kasiglahan

Village Senior high school who experience stress to know what are they

level of stress and also the different factors that affects it, such as in their

personal problem emotional especially on their studies

The main of our study is the GAS students of Kasiglahan Village

Senior high school because they are the main of our respondent of our

study.Our topic is really widely, but it was particular. So we try our most

best to make it related and were not got an information that is not related.

We are focus on the level of students stress and the factors that are

influencing the intellectual abilities of the student’s and also some possible

techniques by the Student’s.

This study is really related to what are the happening to the student’s.

it will focused on the students, parents and teachers. Our point in this

research is the thing that surrounds to the students. This limitation is the life

that Encountering by students while doing their best for stud

14
DEFINITION OF TERMS

STRESS-Is a phenomenon that essentially manifests itself in human on a

result of pressure.

STRESS LEVEL-Refers to the experiencing pressure of the people mild,

moderate and severe stress.

AWARENESS-Refers to the concern of the people on their health

STRESSORS- Refers to the sources of stress of the Student’s

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE-Refers to the activities of the student on

their class participation

WORRIEDNESS-Is the result of thinking about an existing problem

ANXIETY-Is the manner which a person reacts to stress

STRESS SCALE-Refers to the instrument for measuring the perception of

stress

BACKLOADERS STUDENT – also known as irregular students its refers

to the student who needs to go back to the subject that they does not take on

their previous school.

15
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE, READINGS AND STUDIES

Students face different challenges in terms of their academic, family

situation and many others as you’ve been observed in the chapter 1 of this

study. People that encounter stress lead them rapid bodily changes such as

feeling of emotional unrest causing them to feel body aches many student

face stress as they try to mix busy lives, school and work but stress is

necessary to challenge students to learn.

This chapter attempts to present a resume of research findings related

to academic stress , hardiness achievement motivation and some problem

solving behavior, In this chapter, the related readings, literature and studies

were carefully selected and deliberated upon on the basis of relatively and

reliability of the information presented, it will the researchers to have an

evidence and proof to their study.

READINGS

The Mental Health Care in The Philippines Mental health is defined

16
as a state of well being in which every individual realize s his or her own

potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively

and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community”,

The world Health care Organization emphasized the importance of mental

health by including it in their definition of health as a state of complete

physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence or

infirmity. Mental health Care is the Status of providing and maintaining

psychological, psychiatric and emotional health by means of diagnosis,

treatment and prevention of mental illness. Senate Bill No. 13r54, The

Philippine Mental Health Act Of 2017, Was unanimously approved by 19

senators during its third and final reading in May 2, 2017.

The MOU or The Memorandum of Understanding between the

members of the Councilof Financial Regulators (Council) sets out the

objectives, principles and processes for dealing with stresses in the

Australian Financial system. The councils membership comprises

representatives of the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), the Australian

Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), the Australian Securities

Investments Commission (ASIC) and the Treasury. The Council is chaired

17
by the Governor of the RBA. The Council provides a forum for facilitating

coordination among the members in order ensure prompt and effective

identification of, and responses to, developments that pose a threat to the

stability of the financial system.

The circumstances to which MOU relates include, but are not

limited to the following:

● Financial distress in an authorized deposit-taking institution (ADI),

general life insurer or superannuation fund.

● Disruption to financial markets

● Interruptions to the smooth functioning of financial system infrastructure

(including payment and settlement systems).

The Responsibilities of the Council and member agencies in

MOU of Financial Distress, The council objectives are to contribute to the

efficiency and effectiveness of regulation and to promote stability of the

Australian financial system. Each member is fully responsible for

discharging its own responsibility within its statutory mandate. The

responsibilities of each member in Australian Government about for dealing

18
with stress in the financial system are the RBA, ASIC,APRA and Treasury.

The RBA (Reserve Bank Australia) has primary responsibility for the

maintenance of overall financial system stability, including stability of the

payments system, and for providing liquidity support to the financial system

or to individual financial institutions where appropriate.

APRA is responsible for the prudential supervision of banks,

building societies, credit unions, life and general insurance companies,

friendly societies and certain superannuation funds. In performing its

functions to protect the interest of depositors, policyholders and fund

members, APRA is required to balance nthe objectives of financial safety

and efficiency, competition, contestability and competitive neutrality and, in

balancing these objectives, is to promote financial system stability in

Australia. APRA has failure management and enforcement powers to deal

with a distressed institution and will be responsible for administering the

Financial Claims Scheme (FCS).

ASIC (Australian Securities And Investment Commission) is res

ponsible for monitoring, regulating and enforcing corporations and financial

services laws, and for promoting market integrity and consumer

19
protection across the financial services sector and the payment s system. The

Treasury provides advice to the government on policy and possible reforms

that promote a sound financial system, including on financial distress

management arrangements. The Treasury has responsibility for advising the

government on matters relating to the exercise of the treasures powers, and

of the broader economic and fiscal implications of developments that pose a

threat to the stability of the financial system.

LITERATURE

Blona (2005) claims that students experience since some are trying

to cope with the demands of adapting to a new living environment, new

peers, academic pressure and sexual concern. Being in college can also put

financial stress on the students and their families. These situation can leave

them with trembling hands, tense muscles, migraine, headache and multiple

other symptoms of stress performance or reduce the students to

ineffectiveness.

Based on the study of Mazo (2015) entitled “Causes, Effects of

stress and the Coping Mechanism of the Bachelor of Science in

20
 Information Technology Students in a Philippine University’’ this study

sought to determine the causes of stress, the effects of stress and stress

coping mechanism of bachelor of Science in Information Technology

students in the Leyte Normal University, Tacloban City. It tested some

assumptions using the descriptive survey method with 51 respondents,

Thesis writing / research projects were the most common causes of stress.

Sleepless night and irritable/moody feeling were the common effects of

stress. There was disparity on the causes and effects of stress between male

and female respondents. The use computer and praying to God were the

common stress coping mechanism. There was an observed disparity between

the male female responses.

According to the book of Handle Stress like an Expert By Megan

Gorman (2000) the American institute of stress as many as 90 percent visits

to general practitioners are stress-related. Adults, Children apparently even

pets are susceptible. No one is immune to the ill effects of stress not even

scientist schooled in how to prevent it. Stress results when our bodies react

to challenge mental or physical by increasing metabolism,elevating blood

pressure, boosting heart and breathing rates, and pumping three to four

times more blood to the muscles than normal.

21
This fight or fight response works fine when we do just that fight flee. But

most often, we do neither and that’s what gets us into trouble .A surplus of

unused adrenaline coursing through our body can lead to a host o

psychological and physical problem.

According to Wheeler (2007) stress is physics word which refers to

the amount of forced used on an object and it relates in real as to how certain

issues that carry forced applied human life. Examples financial difficulties,

health challenge issues, conflict with friends, all carry forced originate from

the environment but most often comes from of worry anxiousness, regret

discouragement and low confidence.

According to Dixon and Ro (2006), all those people encounter stress

that leads to rapid bodily changing whivh makes feelings of emotion unrest

causing the body strains with the body part. Repeated stressful situations,

may lead to cause rapid tension and pressures that contributed to physical

and psychological problems.

STUDIES

According to Salvacion (2004) studied the stress profile of students

in the College of Dentistry of the University of the Philippines, Manila.

22
 The study involved 149 dentistry student-respondents. Academic stressors

like examinations and grades, fully loaded days, difficulty in completing

clinical requirements, and fear of getting delayed topped the identified

stressors. Academic factors were stressful in the first 3 year levels.

Academic stress peaked during the sophomore year. No significant

differences in rankings were observed between genders. There was

undeniable similarity in the general stress profile of the different year levels.

Common methods of coping with stress were employed by students which

include crying, praying, talking, watching movies, and listening to music.

Stress makes or breaks a person. It is like a two-edged sword which can

either motivate or stimulate a student to peak

According to Presnall (2008), college students are being more tress

because of school related issues. They arebeing affected in emotional and

mental health. In addition, in survey polled 2,253 undergraduate students

aged 18 to 24 where randomly selected from schools nationwide and

revealed that financial, relationship, family problems and extracurricular

activities. Students who experienced tress believe that alcohol drinking,

using of drugs and hanging outof friends are their immediate solutions to

their stress.

23
 According to Pinel (2003), he stated, “the stress can be defined as the

physiological response in order tobecome aware in threat”. Readjustments to

any life changes can cause stress. Nowadays teen are facing many

challenges that parents and traditional educators did not experience when

they were child or growing up. Because of the different pressures in

21stcentury, adolescents cannot cope properly their stress and they are

recommending for some programs in school that promotes proper coping

strategy when they are stress (Frydenberg et al., 2004) It stated from the

work of Ping Qi and Tinchang Wu (2004), heavy study tasks, difficult

courses, unreasonable learning, ways including high standards could be

representing the stresses encountered by senior high school student.

According to MacGeorge, Samter and Gillihan (2005) and Sasaki and

Yamasaki said that “depression is a serious problem” In this study the

intrapersonal and inter factors is the problem of the college students and

depressions. Most of the time college students experience different stress

that key encountered every day. They need to do these to aim good grades

and to make charges to something in order to achieve a desired

result.Depression refers to the work and stress for those people who

24
experience. That is why they forced them to do something better, compete

with other people and most especially it is more depressive in accomplishing

some things in times of rushing hour. Some of people experience the same

depression especially in term of having in the same field (Murtali Raj,

2009).

In the study conducted by Oladirin, Adeniyi and Udi (2013), the

impact of stress on the productivity of professionals are: inability to finish

work on time, deterioration of power of organization and planning, increase

in error rate in manipulative and cognitive task and unattainable objectives;

becoming messy and untidy ranked highest as the major impact of stress in

professionals, while other major impacts are depression and feeling of

helplessness, over sensitivity and finding it difficult to remain focused.

While according to Chowhiu, (2009) the consequences caused by high level

of stress are physiological effect, leaves people a feeling of useless and

undervalued, diminishing purpose and hopelessness, decrease in

concentration span and decrease in distractibility, deterioration of short-term

and long term-memory, and increase in error rate in manipulative and

cognitive task.

25
 Stress is an individual’s state of mind in an encounter of a demanding

situation or any constraint in the organization which he/she feels harmful or

threatening for himself/herself. Stress emerges from various energy seeping

conditions in the working environment. According to Pratibah Garg (2010),

job or occupational stress is mismatch between the individual capabilities

and organizational demands. Employees often experience stress because of

work overload, an expected work pace, difficult work schedules, role

conflict, uncertainty regarding of job security, poor interpersonal

relationships and unpleasant working conditions.

26
 CHAPTER III

This chapter portrayed the research design, the respondents, and the

instrument used in gathering data the validation of instrument, the

distribution and retrieval of questionnaire and the statistical method used by

researcher.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The research utilized descriptive methods in the conduct of the study.

Descriptive research design is concerned with describing characteristics of a

problem.

Descriptive method was used in this study where the researchers are

going to explain and interpret the data collecting from the respondents by

means of conducting survey. Researcher used survey questionnaire as their

research design to be able to get as much as precise and specific information

aand address their research question. In here, simple random sampling is

used to have even respondents and to avoid bias to analyze the data gathered

from the respondent.

26
Researcher use statistical treatment of the data to emphasize the numerical,

static and mathematical analysis of data collected using survey

questionnaire.

RESEARCH LOCALE

This study focuses on the level of stress or stress of the student of

Senior High School Student. This study was conducted at Kasiglahan

Village Senior, Brgy. San Jose Rodriguez Rizal. Using survey questionnaire,

the researcher were able to gather the data needed to the study.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

For this study to have respondents, researcher made use of Slovin

formula to have concise and precise free from error sample size using (5)

percent margin of error come up to one hundred four (104) out of one

hundred fourty (140) respondents coming from Kasiglahan Village Senior

High School students.

27
Where:

n = is sample technique

N = is the population size

e = is the margin of error

l = is the constant value

N
n=
1+ Ne2

After knowing the sample size, survey questionnaire were distributed to the

respondents to gather information or data. Researcher use simple random

sampling where in they select the papers of the respondents randomly to

achieve lastly they will interpret and elaborate the data answer the research

question.

RESEARCH PARTICIPANT

The respondents of this research are the G11- GAS student of

Kasiglahan Village Senior High School, both gender male and female.

Specifically thirty two (32)

28
General Academic Strand Section A (GAS-A) student, Forty one (41)

students. General Academic Strand Section (GAS-B). and lastly thirty-one

(31) General Academic Strand Section C (GAS-C) students. For the total of

one hundred four (104) respondents. They will be given a survey

questionnaire wherein they will answer it and serve as the data collection of

the study.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

For the purpose of this study, The researcher made of question to save

the respondents time and gather necessary data. It contains the demographic

profile of the respondents and consists of a lots questions about their stress,

and using survey questionnaire with the rating scale of mild, moderate, and

extremely stress, and rating scale of (5) Strongly Agree, (4) Agree, (3)

neither agree nor disagree, (2) Disagree, and (1) Strongly Disagree.

Researchers will able to gather concise and precise information that will be

use to answer the research questions.

29
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

This studies use survey questionnaire to gather the needed data or

information to address the research question. Reason, defines a

questionnaires as a formalized list of question that is used to solicit

information from the respondents. The questionnaires were delivering in

person. Questionnaires were distributed after the class for them to answer

the survey questionnaire with full responsibility and hope so integrity and

honesty. Respondents answer will be confidential and use only for the

purpose of this study.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The following statistical formulas were used to process the data to get

the answer to the research questions;

Frequency and Percentage Distribution

This treatment was used in this study to describe the demographic

profile of the respondents.

f
P= x100
N

30
Whereas:

P= Percentage

f= Number of respondents answers.

N= Total number of respondents

Weighted Mean

It used to determine the indicators under stress sources and

management.

❑
X =∑ X /N
❑

Wherein:

❑
∑ X = sum of the quantitative variables
❑

N = total sample size

31
Likert Scale

Where given a chance to rate each statements in the questionnaires.

The answers were given a corresponding number as follows:

Scale Value Verbal Interpretation

5 Strongly Agree
4 Agree
3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree

32