Maintenance training manual Boeing -600/700/800/900 (CFM56)

80– Starting ATA 104 – T1/T2 – Level 3

ATA-80
ENGINE STARTING
Revision 3 / March 2016

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Maintenance training manual Boeing -600/700/800/900 (CFM56)
80– Starting ATA 104 – T1/T2 – Level 3

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

00 ENGINE STARTING 4

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ATA 80
ENGINE STARTING

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INTRODUCTION

General

The engine starting system uses pneumatic power to turn the

engine’s N2 rotor during a start or motor procedure. Pneumatic
power comes from one of these sources:

* APU
* Pneumatic ground equipment
* Opposite engine.

These components control the engine start system:

* Flight compartment switches

* Display electronics unit (DEU)
* Electronic engine control (EEC).

The engine starting system operates on the ground and in flight.

Abbreviations & Acronyms

* AGB - engine accessory gearbox

* ALF - aft looking forward
* AMM - airplane maintenance manual
* CDS - common display system
* CDU - control display unit
* DEU - display electronics unit
* EEC - electronic engine control
* FMCS - flight management computer system

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INTRODUCTION

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION See the engine ignition chapter for more information on the
ignition system. (CHAPTER 74)
General
Start Valve and Starter
The engine starting system uses these airplane and engine
systems or components:
The start valve opens to supply power to the starter. Usually,
* Pneumatic power this valve opens when you put the engine start switch to the
* Electrical power GRD position. The start valve position shows on the engine
* Flight compartment switches
display. You can manually open the valve.
* Engine fuel control system
* Engine control system.
* Common display system (CDS). The starter turns the engine N2 rotor through the engine
accessory gearbox (AGB).
Engine Start Switch
EEC
You put the engine start switch to the GRD position to turn the
engine with the starter. The switch automatically moves to the
OFF position at starter cutout. The EEC protects the engine during start. The EEC shuts off fuel
supply to the engine when it finds the engine parameters are
When electrical and pneumatic power is available, this happens out of limits during a start.
when you put the switch to the GRD position:

* Electronic engine control (EEC) receives a start signal Display Electronics Units (DEUs)
* APU receives an engine start signal
* Start valve opens and the pneumatic starter turns the The DEUs are components of the common display system
engine. (CDS). The DEUs monitor N2 and let the engine start switch go
back to the AUTO position at starter cutout. A signal goes to the
The crew uses the FLT position to start the engine in flight when
the starter is not necessary. EEC by the DEU to let the EEC use its automatic ignition feature.

The CONT position supplies continuous ignition.

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION

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START VLV OPEN INDICATION

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COMPONENT LOCATIONS – ENGINE Starter

General The starter is on the forward face of the engine accessory

gearbox (AGB) at the 8:00 position.
The engine starting system has these components on the left
side of the engine:

* Pneumatic starter ducts

* Start valve
* Starter.

You open the left fan cowl to get access to these components.

The electronic engine control (EEC) is on the right side of the

engine fan case at the 2:00 position, aft looking forward (ALF).
You open the right fan cowl to get access to the EEC.

Pneumatic Starter Ducts

There are two pneumatic starter duct assemblies.

The upper assembly has two tubes and two flexible joints. One
end connects to a pneumatic duct at the strut. The other end
attaches to the start valve. The assembly attaches to the fan
case.

The lower assembly has one tube. The assembly connects to

the start valve and to the starter. The assembly attaches to the
fan case.

Start Valve

The start valve is above the starter on the fan case.

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COMPONENT LOCATIONS - ENGINE

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COMPONENT LOCATIONS - FLIGHT COMPARTMENT

AND EE COMPARTMENT

Flight Compartment

The engine start switches and the ignition selector switch are
on the P5 forward overhead panel.

The upper center display unit is on the P2 main panel center.

The engine parameters usually show on this display. The
parameters can also show on the lower center display unit.

The engine start levers are on the control stand, aft of the thrust
levers.

Electrical Equipment Compartment

The display electronics units (DEU)s are on the E3 rack.

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COMPONENT LOCATIONS - FLIGHT COMPARTMENT AND EE COMPARTMENT

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EE COMPARTMENT

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EE COMPARTMENT

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START VALVE Functional Description

Purpose The valve solenoid energizes when you put the engine start
switch to the GRD position. This permits air pressure to the
The start valve controls pneumatic power to the starter. The
valve opens for these engine operations: pneumatic actuator. The pneumatic actuator force is more than
the torsion spring force and the start valve opens.
* Ground start
* In flight starts which require starter assist The DEUs use the valve position switch to supply indication in
* Motoring.
the flight compartment.
Physical Description
You use a 3/8 inch square drive tool to manually open the valve.
The valve is a butterfly shutoff valve. It is electrically controlled A visual indicator on the valve body shows valve position.
and pneumatically operated. The valve is spring-loaded closed.
A small hole in the left fan cowl gives you access to the manual
The primary components are the valve body assembly and the
override. A placard is near the hole.
actuator assembly.

The valve body assembly has these components: Training Information Point

* Butterfly valve
WARNING: REMOVE PNEUMATIC POWER FROM THE
* Valve shaft
* Shaft bearings AIRPLANE BEFORE YOU REMOVE THE START
* External position indicator. VALVE. AIR PRESSURE IN THE PNEUMATIC
STARTER DUCT COULD CAUSE INJURY.
The actuator assembly has these components:
CAUTION: DO NOT OPERATE THE MANUAL DRIVE WITHOUT
* Torsion spring
* Pneumatic actuator PNEUMATIC POWER AVAILABLE. YOU MUST
* Solenoid valve assembly SUPPLY PNEUMATIC POWER TO THE VALVE TO
* Valve position switch PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE ACTUATOR
* Manual override provision. DIAPHRAGMS. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY
PRECAUTIONS, DAMAGE TO THE VALVE CAN
OCCUR.

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START VALVE

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START VALVE

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START VALVE

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STARTER The starter receives a continuous flow of oil from the AGB when
the engine turns. The oil cools and lubricates the starter:
Purpose * Clutch
The starter turns the engine for engine starting or motoring * Gears
procedures. The starter changes air pressure into mechanical
energy. * Bearings.
Oil returns to the AGB. A small quantity of oil stays in the
Physical Description starter.
The starter has a single-stage, axial-flow, turbine air motor. The
starter uses reduction gears and a sprag clutch to turn the Training Information Point
output shaft to the engine accessory gearbox (AGB).
The starter has one port for oil drain and fill. This port also has a It is not necessary to add oil to the starter after installation. But,
magnetic chip detector. you must supply a new starter with a small quantity of oil. Refer
A coupling attaches the starter to the AGB. A coupling attaches to chapter 12 of the airplane maintenance manual (AMM) part II
the lower pneumatic starter air duct assembly to the top of the for oil quantity requirements and procedures.
starter.
After installation, the AGB maintains the starter oil level.
Functional Description
Pneumatic power goes through an open start valve to turn the WARNING: DO NOT LET ENGINE OIL STAY ON YOUR SKIN.
turbine air motor in the starter. The turbine turns the reduction FLUSH THE OIL FROM YOUR SKIN WITH WATER.
gears and engages the clutch. The clutch transmits torque to THE OIL IS POISONOUS.
the output shaft of the starter. The reduction gears engage the
clutch as long as pneumatic power turns the turbine.
CAUTION: DO NOT HANG THE STARTER BY THE DRIVE
The starter output shaft turns the AGB. The AGB turns the
engine N2 rotor through shafts and other gears. SHAFT. INTERNAL STARTER DAMAGE CAN
At approximately 55 percent N2, the start valve closes and OCCUR
removes pneumatic power from the starter. The turbine and
reduction gears slow and the clutch disengages. The starter
output shaft then turns with the gearbox and engine. The turbine
and reduction gears continue to slow until they stop.

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STARTER

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STARTER

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FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION * APU electronic control unit receives a signal to open the APU
inlet guide vanes
Starting Control * Start valve solenoid energizes and the valve opens
* Starter clutch engages and the engine N2 rotor turns
Electrical power for engine starting control comes from the
battery bus. The engine start switch and the DEUs control the * Solenoid in the P5 panel energizes to hold the switch in the
starting system. GRD position.

Indication Fuel and Ignition

The DEUs use input data to show engine parameters and start
valve position on the common display system (CDS). You move the engine start lever to the idle position to add fuel
and ignition during the start.
These are the two modes of operation for the amber START
VALVE OPEN message: See the engine fuel and control chapter for more information.
(CHAPTER 73) See the ignition chapter for more information.
* Steady
* Flash (crew alert). (CHAPTER 74)

The START VALVE OPEN message is steady when the start Starter Cutout
valve is open and the start switch is in the ground position.
At 55 percent N2, this occurs:
The START VALVE OPEN message flashes for 10 seconds then
shows steady when the start valve is open and the start switch
is not in the ground position. * DEUs remove the electrical ground for the start switch
solenoid
Start Switch * Engine start switch goes to the OFF position
* Start valve solenoid deenergizes and the valve closes.
These occur when you put the engine start switch to the GRD
position when electrical and pneumatic power are available:

* EEC receives an engine start signal

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Engine Wet Start The crew uses the starter in flight if the airplane is out of
windmill start limits. See the flight operation manual for more
The EEC stops the engine start if the EGT does not increase in information about these limits. The CDS tells the crew that the
15 seconds after you move the engine start lever to the idle
airplane is out of limits to windmill start the engine. The
position. The EEC stops fuel flow and turns off ignition. You can
find a fault message on the control display unit (CDU). See the message X-BLEED START shows above the N2 digital indicator.
TRAINING INFORMATION POINT page in this section for more For this condition, the flight crew uses the starter to start the
information. engine. The OPERATION page in this section shows this
message on the display.
Engine Hot Start

The EGT digital display flashes when the EEC finds there is a Automatic Ignition
possible hot start. If the EGT starting limit is exceeded, the EEC
stops fuel flow and ignition. The EGT digital display continues to The EEC can automatically start ignition. See the engine ignition
flash until you move the engine start lever to the cutoff position. chapter for more information. (CHAPTER 74)
This system operates on the ground only.

NOTE: If you operate engines, you should know normal engine

starting parameters. You should also know the
maximum and minimum limits for each parameter.
You should stop a hot engine start before the EEC
does.

In-Flight Start

The crew puts the engine start switch to the FLT position for a
windmill start. A windmill start does not use the starter.

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FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

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TRAINING INFORMATION POINT

General

You can use the control display units (CDUs) to troubleshoot

problems when the engine does not start.

The EEC keeps maintenance messages in its non-volatile

memory. The EEC keeps a message during an engine start if
the EGT does not increase in 15 seconds after you move the
start lever to the idle position. You use the CDU to see this
message.

See the engine indicating chapter for more information about

engine troubleshooting with the CDU. (CHAPTER 77)

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TRAINING INFORMATION POINT

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OPERATION * Speak with ground personnel to make sure N1 begins to turn

counterclockwise
General * Move the engine start lever to the idle position (forward) at a
minimum of 25 percent N2
These are the flight compartment controls you use to start the
engine: * Make sure fuel flow is in limits
* Make sure EGT increases
* Engine start switches * Monitor EGT and N2 increase until starter cutout at 55
* Ignition select switch percent N2
* Engine start levers. * Make sure engine start switch goes back to the OFF position
Pneumatic power must be available to start the engine on the at 55 percent N2
ground. * Monitor all engine parameters as engine speed increases to
idle.
You must monitor these engine parameters during engine
starting:
Training Information Point
* N2
* Oil pressure Usually, only one igniter is necessary for starting. You should
* N1 use a different igniter selection for each start.
* Fuel flow
* EGT.

Engine Start

This is a summary of the engine start procedure:

* Follow safety procedures and airplane and engine

limitations
* Set the ignition select switch to IGN L or IGN R
* Put the engine start switch to the GRD position
* Look for start valve open indication
* Monitor N2
* Make sure oil pressure increases

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OPERATION

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OPERATION

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OPERATION

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OPERATION

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ABNORMAL ENGINE START Engine Wet Start.

On Ground Starting Protection With the Enhanced−Manual mode Option, the EEC stops the
At initial power−up, the EEC selects either the Enhanced−Manual engine start if the EGT does not increase more than 42C within 15
or the Manual starting mode, based on the Status of airplane
(customer option). seconds (20 seconds if TAT is less than or equal to 2C) after the
The Manual setting is used for ground engine Starts and engine start lever is moved to the idle position.
features automatic: The EEC stops fuel flow, turns off ignition and terminates the
• Hot start detection. engine start.
• Rollback over−temperature protection. Rollback over−temperature protection.
The Enhanced−Manual setting is the Standard mode used for
ground engine. Starts and features automatic: If the airplane is on the ground, the engine reached idle but has
• Hot start detection and protection. Subsequently spooled back to less than 50% N2, and EGT
• Wet start protection. exceeds the Starting−EGT Limit, the EEC :
• Rollback over−temperature protection. • Turns off ignition.
Engine Hot start. • Commands the Fuel Metering Valve (FMV) to the fully closed
For both the Enhanced−Manual and Manual start modes, the EEC position to stop the fuel flow.
reacts to an abnormally high EGT during a ground engine start, by
setting a Hot−Start • Latches the ignition off and the FMV closed, until the start
Detected Signal. lever is moved to the CUT OFF position.
Hot−Start detection uses an EGT increased characteristic curve to The CDS displays an ’ENG FAIL’ message over the respective
detect an impending start over−temperature. The curve provides a engine EGT display on the center display unit.
hot−start EGT boundary that would otherwise not be exceeded by a In−flight starting
normal engine start and is always less that the starting EGT limit The crew puts the engine start switch to the FLT position for a
(725C).
The curve is a function of core speed (N2) and residual EGT. If windmill start.
EGT exceeds the curve for 360ms, the EEC sets the If the engine is out of the windmill start limit, the CDS displays the
’hot−start−detected’ Signal. Message X−BLEED START above the engine’s N2 digital indicator.
The CDS reacts to the this Signal by ”flashing” the surround box of The crew have to set the start switch to the GRD position to open
the EGT digital readout to alert the flight crew, who are responsible the start valve to re−engage the Starter.
for monitoring and reacting to an impending hot−start condition.
With the Enhanced−Manual mode Option, the EEC will cut off the
fuel flow and ignition when the EGT limit is reached. The display
will continue to flash until the start lever is returned to the cut−off
position.

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Starting Protection

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