CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus

COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND RECREATION (CSPEAR)

Dance is an expression of an intensified sense

of life, arising from an inner perception that
stimulates both mind and body. It is man’s natural
and primitive means of expression.

The rhythmical movement of the body usually with

music.

 To express an idea or emotion

 To narrate a story
 To enjoy and take pleasure in the movement
itself

It is a both an art and a form of recreation.

 ART- it may tell a story, set a mood, or

express an emotion.
 Form of recreation- it provides fun,
relaxation, companionship.

MOVEMENT defined as a change of position in space. It is governed with

mechanical principles that limit the ability of individuals to move effectively and
efficiently.

RHYTHM is a measured motion or flow, characterized basically by recurrence

of elements or features as beats, sounds or accents.

DANCE involves a successive group of bodily

movements and steps rhythmically performs
and timed to music.

In other study, the word “dance” comes from the Latin word “danson” which
means to stretch. Thus, simple analysis of term “sayaw” which easily lead to one that
it must have derived from the word “saya” which means happy.

PURPOSE OF DANCING
 To passed the course subject.
 To have fun or entertain others.
 For passion/ provides/ released of tension.
 To treat emotionally disturbed people/ to
help treat physically handicapped.
 Worship.

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DANCE
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus
COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND RECREATION (CSPEAR)

BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES AND DANCE

From the earliest moments of
known human history, dance
accompanied ancient rituals, spiritual
gatherings and social events. As a
conduit of trance, spiritual force,
pleasure, expression, performance and
interaction, dance became infused into
our nature from the earliest moments of
our existence - from the moment when
first African tribes covered themselves
in war-paint to the to the spreading of
music and dance across all four corners of the world. Without a doubt, dancing remains
one of the most expressive forms of communications that we know.
The oldest proof of existence of dancing comes from the 9000 year old cave
paintings that were found in India, which depicts various scenes of hunting, childbirth,
religious rites, burials and most importantly, communal drinking and dancing. Since
dancing itself cannot leave clearly identifiable archeological artifacts that can be found
today, scientist looked for secondary clues, written word, stone carvings, paintings and
similar artifacts. Period when dancing became widespread can be traced to the third
millennia BC, when Egyptians started using dance as integral parts of their religious
ceremonies. Judging by the many tomb paintings that survived the tooth of time,
Egyptian priests used musical instruments and dancers to mimic important events -
stories of gods and cosmic patterns of moving stars and sun.

Art and religion were the most serious

concerns of primitive civilizations. Their art
concerns were mainly for source of food and
how to increase its supply. Although unaware
of it, they made use the art of hunting, fishing
and other way of life.

Religion in this matter,

regards their beliefs in the
supernatural beings that
governs their fate. To
express their feelings they
create rhythmic movements
by stamping, shaking their
arms, legs and body.

The History of Dancing in Philippines

(www.sutori.com)

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DANCE
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus
COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND RECREATION (CSPEAR)

SIGNIFICANCE OF DANCE EDUCATION

Through dance, students learn teamwork, focus, and improvisational skills. Dance
awakens new perceptions in children which help them learn and think in new ways.

DANCE ELEMENTS
The elements of dance are the foundational concepts and vocabulary that help
students develop movement skills and understand dance as an artistic practice.
1. Theme – the content or the main ingredients of a dance. Message of the dance.
2. Design – pattern of movement in time and space.
3. Movement – steps, gestures, facial expressions.
4. Technique – skills in executing movement.
5. Music – auditory background to which a dancer moves.
6. Costumes and Properties – worn by the dancer that help reflect the message,
customs, beliefs and setting of the dance.
7. Choreography- forms and arrangement of a dance.
8. Scenery – the setting background establishing the place of action of any dance.

MOVEMENT defined as a change of position in space. It is governed with mechanical

principles that limit the ability of individuals to move effectively and efficiently.

FACTORS THAT AFFECTS MOVEMENT

Psychological Factor
Phenomena such as fear, anxiety and others affect the
movement either positive or negative. All those may
somehow affect the performance of an individual.

Physiological Factor
Physical Fitness and body built are
two main concerns that effect the
human movement. Poor muscle
development and low fitness level
will surely affect the movement.

Sociological Factor
These refer to the relationship of the
performer to the group regarding social
conformity and norms.

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DANCE
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus
COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND RECREATION (CSPEAR)

TWO BASIC DIVISIONS OF MOVEMENT

A. Locomotor Movement
- It simply defined as the movement in space as
one goes from one place to another. These are:
 gallop  run
 hop  skip
 jump  slide/shuffle
 leap  stamping
 marching  walk (high level, low level)
 mincing
- For further understanding of locomotor
movement, see the suggested video clip given
in a link: https://youtu.be/ihLANO-7Wpk

B. Non – locomotor Movement or Axial Movement

- It is defined as the movement done in a
stationary or fixed base. These are:
Extension – straightening or stretching of a
body part from a joint.
Flexion – a contraction or shortening of body
parts from a joint.
Rotation – turning, twisting or circling around
the axis.
Pendular – a similar movement of a pendulum.
Percussive – movement of striking, hitting,
pulling, or pushing.
Vibratory – the shaking of the parts or beating
movements that produces vibrating.
Sustained – a smooth flowing movement
contained in a balanced position.

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DANCE
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus
COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND RECREATION (CSPEAR)

TYPES OF BODY MOVEMENT

flexion and extension

abduction and adduction

rotation

MOVEMENT SPACE
1. PERSONAL SPACE is your immediate space you take up within the general
space.
2. GENERAL SPACE is the space within our boundaries

ELEMENTS OF SPACE

1. DIRECTION- this refers to the movement forward, backward, upward, downward,

sideways right and left, circular and combination of all these.
2. LEVEL- As the body moves in horizontal plane it creates movement identified as
high, medium/middle and low. It may be represented in relative heights while
standing, sitting, lying and kneeling.
3 kinds:
 High level
 Middle level
 Low level
3. RANGE- The maximum reach of an individual or sometimes referred to as
personal space of the size of movement.
4. PATHWAYS OR SPACE DESIGN- The line of design created in space as one
moves. Example an arm circling (circle design is created) or a line drawn from
running to the first base in softball.
5. FOCUS- This is referred to as movement in space in relation to an object or a
person’s attention or direction.

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DANCE
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus
COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND RECREATION (CSPEAR)

FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS OF ARMS AND FEET

1ST POSITION

Arm Position Feet Position

Raised arms to a circle in front of the chest. Bring heels close to touch, toes apart.

2nd POSITION

Arms Position Feet Position

Open up arms sideward, raised below Bring feet apart sideward.
shoulder level with a graceful curve.

3rd POSITION

Arm Position Feet Position

Raise one arm overhead while other Bring the heel of one foot to touch the
arm remains in 2nd position. instep of the other foot.

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DANCE
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus
COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND RECREATION (CSPEAR)

4th POSITION

Arm Position Feet Position

Raise one arm in front of chest in a half Bring one foot in front of the other foot
circle, while one arm remains overhead. to walk strike.

5th POSITION

Arm Position Feet Position

Raise both arms overhead in a graceful Bring the heel of one foot to touch the
curve. toe of the other.

Note:
 Lead with the back of your hands when doing the arm position
 The weight of the body should always be distributed on both feet and
keep the toes pointing outward.
 For further understanding see the video clip suggested:
https://youtu.be/seRAuHfuWII

Department of Service Physical Education

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DANCE
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus
COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND RECREATION (CSPEAR)

DANCE FORMS
1. CLASSICAL DANCE Dances with standardized rules and restrictions. It can be
religious related dance or for court and royal entertainment.

2. MODERN CONTEMPORARY BALLET Contemporary ballet is a form of dance

which incorporates elements of both classical
ballet and modern dance. It takes its technique
and use of pointe work from classical ballet,
although it permits a greater range of movement
that may not adhere to the strict body lines set
forth by schools of ballet technique. Many of its
concepts come from the ideas and innovations of
20th century modern dance, including floor work,
balletic movements and turn-in of the legs.
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pn0eu51DvOI

Classical Ballet
A dance of supreme standards learned from an academe. This originated from
Italy from the world ballo meaning to dance and flourished in the royal court of France.

Modern Dance Contemporary Dance

A deviation from the principles of This is a combination of ballet and
classical ballet developed by Isadora modern dance whereby it, uses the
Duncan. She believed in the principle varied medium of other dance forms
of naturalness and true expression of like folk, ethnic, or tribal dance.
the human body and soul.

3. FOLKDANCE - a cultural art form handed down from generation to generations.

It can communicates the customs, beliefs and rituals occupation of a region or
country.

Considered as the “Mother of Philippine

Folk Dances” for her untiring efforts in collecting,
compiling, and propagating folk dances, and for her
outstanding contribution to the advancement of
Filipino culture in the field of dance
In 1973, President Marcos gave Dr.
Reyes Aquino the National Artist for Dance Award

COMMON DANCE STEP IN FOLKDANCE

CHANGE STEP
Video clip: STEP,CLOSE, STEP MODERATE
https://youtu.be/XdDBKHlQkAk
WALTZ
Video clip: STEP,CLOSE, STEP SLOW
https://youtu.be/fwcTmBTnPXg
POLKA
Video clip: STEP,CLOSE, STEP MODERATE FAST
https://youtu.be/emTydO9gdrw

Department of Service Physical Education

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DANCE
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus
COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND RECREATION (CSPEAR)

4. ETHNIC AND TRIBAL DANCE

A dance particularly found in a group of p

people living together in a locality with
common beliefs and customs.

See the video clip:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYnht4cX7Ww&t=46s

5. NATIONAL DANCE

Refers to the type of folkdance found

most widely done through a specific country.
Good examples are Tinikling or Cariñosa
from Philippines.

See the video clip:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow85T4gk8yY&feature=youtu.be

Balitaw Cariñosa Kuratsa

Pandanggo Rigodon Surtido

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DANCE
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus
COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND RECREATION (CSPEAR)

6. NATURAL DANCING
Refers to the type of dance, which makes use of the basic movement, the
locomotor movement and the axial movement. It is your natural movement of your
body. Some of the example are free style dance, non-choreography, just moving
your body to music.

7. CREATIVE DANCE

Highest form of dance

for the purpose of
entertainment.

See the video clip:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-tJD32QBEb0

8. SOCIAL AND BALLROOM DANCE - Dance set in a social gathering with more
formal atmosphere than the simple and informal parties in which the recreational
dances are the usual forms.
 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
When one conjures an image of ballroom dancing, International Standard is
the style that most often comes to mind: sweeping ball gowns, men in tails
and formal, regal dancing. With steps that date back hundreds of years to
the royal courts of Europe, it is ballroom’s oldest style, it is most recognizable
and, some would say, it is most elegant. The competition includes five
dances: waltz, tango, Viennese waltz, foxtrot and quickstep. All five must
be danced in the “closed position,” meaning that the man and woman must
remain in contact at all times

 INTERNATIONAL LATIN
Dazzling footwork, provocative moves and skimpy costumes define this
sizzling style. The couples perform five dances – cha-cha, samba, rumba,
paso doble and jive – each one in its own way reflecting the timeless dance
of seduction between a man and a woman. The fiercely competitive Latin
couples attract the judges’ attention with flamboyant hair and makeup,
dazzling accessories, and costumes that leave just enough to the
imagination.

9. RECREATIONAL DANCE

Includes dance mixer, square dancing and

round and round and couple dances.

See the video clip:

https://youtu.be/SUH9Zn3_IzI

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DANCE
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – Main Campus
COLLEGE OF SPORTS, PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND RECREATION (CSPEAR)

10. POPULAR DANCE

Highly recognized as a dance form in television

and other dance centers like disco houses and
social gatherings.

See the video clip:

https://youtu.be/SUH9Zn3_IzI

REFERENCES
 Dance Facts. (2020). History of Dance.
Retrieved from http://www.dancefacts.net/dance-history/history-of-dance/
 America's Ballroom Challenge. (2015). Ballroom Dance Styles.
Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/americas-ballroom-challenge/ballroom-dance-
styles/
 ARELLANO, R.F., et al. (2008). Rhythm and Dance: Physical Education 2. Mutya
Publishing House, Inc.
 ANDIN, C.T. & Miñas, P.L. (2004). Dance Education in the School Curriculum. Rex
Book Store, Inc. Manila, Philippines
 BELMONTE, P.A., et al. (1998). Physical Education Handbook. (pp. 111-122). Rex
Book Store, Inc. Manila, Philippines
 AQUINO, F.R. (1996). Philippine Folk Dance Vol. 1. Manila, Philippines
 AQUINO, F.R. (1991). Philippine Folk Dances, Vol. 1. Manila, Philippines
 AQUINO, F.R. (1987). Fundamental Dance Steps and Music. Kayumanggi Press,
Inc. Manila, Philippines
 AQUINO, F.R. (1980). Philippine Folk Dances Vol IV and V. Manila, Philippines
 AAHOER (1970). American Association of Health, Physical Education and
Recreation. Physical Education for High School Students. Washington.
 SMITH, H. M. (1966). Introduction to Human Movement. Reding Mass: Addison
Wesley Publishing Co.
 ANCHETA, A.T. Physical Education for Rhythm and Dance. Rianella Printing Press,
Ferguson Rd. Baguio City
 GABAO, L.A. (n. d.). Instructional Materials for P.E. 2 Rhythm and Dances. Dance
Ref: PNU
 Holy Name University Physical Education College of Education. (n. d.). PHYSICAL
EDUCATION 2 (RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES). Retrieved from
http://hnupe.weebly.com/pe-2.html
 OROSA, L. (n. d.) Notes from the Dances of Emerald Isles.

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