Exam 1 (Practice Test)

Anatomy 125
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) The cells that secrete acids that dissolve bone matrix are:
A) osteoprogenitor cells B) osteoblasts
C) osteocytes D) osteoclasts

2) The bone matrix that surrounds the central canal of the osteon is arranged as:
A) circumferential lamellae B) interstitial lamellae
C) concentric lamellae D) none of the above

3) The merocrine sweat glands:

A) cool the skin by evaporative cooling.
B) excrete sweat that dilutes harmful chemicals and has antibacterial properties.
C) excrete metabolites and waste products.
D) all the above

4) The type of intercellular attachment that anchors and stabilizes the cells and helps them to resist stretching
and twisting forces is the:
A) tight junction B) gap junction C) desmosome D) focal adhesion

5) Fibrocartilage is found in:

A) pubic symphysis B) menisci of the knee
C) intervertebral discs D) all of the above

6) The cells that serve as stem cells in bone tissue are:

A) osteoclasts B) osteoprogenitor cells
C) osteoblasts D) osteocytes

7) Serous membranes are found lining the:

A) compartments of the ventral body cavity B) joint capsules
C) digestive and reproductive tracts D) the exterior surface of the body

8) The organelle that forms the basal bodies of cilia and flagella is the:
A) centriole B) ribosome C) Golgi apparatus D) peroxisome

9) Cholesterol is a ____________ found in the ________________.

A) lipid; chromosome B) lipid; cell membrane
C) protein; cell membrane D) glycoprotein; chromosome

10) Cartilage grows by two mechanisms ____________ growth and ____________ growth.
A) appositional; endochondral B) appositional; interstitial
C) embryonic; interstitial D) embryonic; endochondral

11) The crystal that give bone its compressional strength is:
A) calcium carbonate B) hydroxysilicate C) hydroxyalginate D) hydroxyapatite
12) The nucleus has a ___________ membrane and communicate(s) with the cytoplasm by means of (a)
________________.
A) double; perinuclear space B) double; nuclear pores
C) single; perinuclear space D) single; nuclear pores

13) The cells in the epidermis that initiate an immune response against pathogens and cancer cells is the:
A) Langerhans cell B) Merkel cell C) keratinocyte D) melanocyte

14) Select the gland that secretes hormones:

A) exocrine B) endocrine C) apocrine D) serous

15) Select the cell that represents the "typical" cell:

A) sperm cell B) red blood cell C) nerve cell D) none of the above

16) Bone is similar to other connective tissues in that:

A) it has a matrix with ground substance and fibers
B) it contains elastic fibers
C) it is avascular
D) it grows by interstitial growth

17) Select the body part that would be medial to the palm of the hand:
A) stomach B) elbow C) shoulder D) thumb

18) The fact that epithelial cells have no blood vessels between them is a reflection of the characteristic of:
A) avascularity B) cellularity C) regeneration D) polarity

19) Melanocytes, Merkel cells and stem cells are found in the stratum:
A) corneum B) basale C) spinosum D) granulosum

20) The center of the hair that consists of soft keratin and that is not always present is the:
A) cuticle B) medulla C) matrix D) cortex

21) The cells that occupy lacunae and maintain the protein and mineral content of the surrounding matrix of
bone are:
A) osteoclasts B) osteoprogenitor cells
C) osteocytes D) osteoblasts

22) Peroxisomes:
A) contain oxidative enzymes B) produce hydrogen peroxide
C) contain catalase D) all of the above

23) The layer that contains capillaries that supply the epidermis with oxygen and nutrients is the:
A) reticular layer of the dermis B) stratum basale
C) subcutaneous layer D) papillary layer of the dermis

24) The basal lamina (basement membrane) consists of the lamina __________ and the lamina _______________.
A) lucida; basale B) lucida; densa
C) reticularis; densa D) spinosum; granulosum

25) During endochondral ossification, the secondary ossification center forms in the:
A) growth plate B) diaphysis C) epiphysis D) metaphysis
26) The type of fiber found in connective tissue proper that combines the properties of tensile strength with
flexibility is:
A) elastic B) keratin C) reticular D) collagen

27) The cuticle is also known as the ___________ and is a fold of the stratum ____________.
A) hyponychium; corneum B) hyponychium; spinosum
C) eponychium; corneum D) eponychium; spinosum

28) A membrane enclosed space called a cisterna is found in the:

A) centrosome B) mitochondrion
C) endoplasmic reticulum D) lysosome

29) The fluid within the inner membrane of the mitochondrion is called the:
A) vesicle B) cytosol C) cisterna D) matrix

30) Select the earliest stage of intramembranous ossification:

A) bone grows in linear extensions called spicules
B) remodeling produces compact bone
C) enlargement and fusion of spicules forms spongy bone
D) mesenchymal cells become osteoblasts

31) The organelle that has a forming face and a maturing face that produces secretory vesicles is the:
A) lysosome B) Golgi apparatus
C) mitochondrion D) endoplasmic reticulum

32) The protein subunits that form the collagen and elastic fibers found in connective tissue are secreted by:
A) mast cells B) fibroblasts
C) fixed macrophages D) melanocytes

33) Select the gland that is a true apocrine gland:

A) ceruminous gland B) apocrine sweat gland
C) mammary gland D) merocrine sweat gland

34) The accessory structures of the skin develop from invaginations of the:
A) hypodermis B) dermis C) epidermis D) all of the above

35) The intracellular fluid of the cell that contains a high concentration of dissolved and suspended protein is:
A) endoplasm B) cytoplasm C) cytosol D) ground substance

36) Ciliated epithelium is typically of the:

A) upper respiratory tract B) urinary tract
C) digestive tract D) integument

37) The type of epithelium that sometimes lines the ducts of sweat glands and the larger ducts of exocrine
glands is__________________ epithelium.
A) stratified cuboidal B) pseudostratified columnar
C) stratified squamous D) transitional

38) The type of tissue that blood and lymph would be classified as is:
A) muscular B) epithelium C) neural D) connective
39) The layer that often contains an abundant number of adipocytes is the:
A) subcutaneous layer B) papillary layer
C) reticular layer D) none of the above

40) All the cells below are fixed cells of connective tissue proper except:
A) mesenchymal cell B) fibrocyte C) melanocyte D) lymphocyte

41) The growth in the length of the bone occurs in the:

A) periosteum B) metaphysis C) epiphyseal plate D) articular cartilage

42) The stratum ____________ consists of layers of dead, flattened and tightly interlocked cells.
A) spinosum B) granulosum C) basale D) corneum

43) This molecule gives the ground substance of connective tissue its viscous consistency:
A) actin B) hyaluronan C) elastin D) tropocollagen

44) The side of an epithelial cell that faces the surface or internal space that is lined by the epithelium is the
____________ surface.
A) apical B) lateral C) basolateral D) basal

45) The zone of the epiphyseal growth plate in which the chondrocytes enlarge and mature is the zone of
___________ cartilage.
A) proliferating B) calcified C) resting D) hypertrophic

46) The type of embryonic connective tissue found in the umbilical cord is:
A) reticular connective tissue B) adipose tissue
C) mucous connective tissue D) areolar connective tissue

47) The plane that is at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the body and divides the body into inferior and
superior parts is the ____________________ plane
A) transverse B) coronal C) sagittal D) oblique

48) Exocrine glands that are called mixed glands have a mixture of secretory cells secreting both ___________
and _____________ secretions.
A) acinar; alveolar B) serous; mucous C) tubular; alveolar D) lipid; protein

49) The pericardial cavity is found:

A) within the thoracic cavity B) between the pleural cavities
C) within the mediastinum D) all of the above

50) The finger-shaped projections of the cell membrane that increase surface area for absorption are called:
A) stereocilia B) micovilli C) centrioles D) cilia
1) D
2) C
3) D
4) C
5) D
6) B
7) A
8) A
9) B
10) B
11) D
12) B
13) A
14) B
15) D
16) A
17) A
18) A
19) B
20) B
21) C
22) D
23) D
24) B
25) C
26) D
27) C
28) C
29) D
30) D
31) B
32) B
33) C
34) C
35) C
36) A
37) A
38) D
39) A
40) D
41) C
42) D
43) B
44) A
45) D
46) C
47) A
48) B
49) D
50) B