A process towards a desirable state better than what previously existed.

The purpose of development is to create an environment in which all people can

expand their capabilities and opportunities can be enlarged for both present and
future generations (UNDP, 1994:13)
 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Develop
means relating to society or its Meaning to unfold itself or to grow into
organization fuller or mature condition.
Ment
Referring to an instrument of action, an
act or process.
Bilance, 1997
In the broadest sense: In a narrower sense:

It signifies all aspects of It would be used with reference

development that are of to the human welfare aspects of
collective nature pertaining to development that is improving
the society as a whole. the quality of life and more
equitable distribution of
material and cultural goods.
First Second

The development of capacity of people The alteration of institutions so that

to work continuously for their own and human needs are met at all levels
society’s welfare. especially the lowest, through the
process of improving the relationships
between expression of needs and the
means to attain them.
1. To create a society where living conditions of the people are better. They do
not suffer from hunger and they are not denied the basic necessities of life.
2. To remove regional imbalance and rural-urban disparities.
3. To create infrastructure where basic need of the people are met at all levels,
including those who constitute the poorest and deprived sections of society.
 The process of social development is inextricably linked to economic development.
 Social development has an interdisciplinary focus which draws insights of the various social sciences
(be it political science, sociology, philosophy, economics, psychology etc.)
 Social development invokes a sense of process, i.e., it is a dynamic concept in which the notion of
growth and change is explicit.
 The process of change is progressive in nature, social development proclaims a faith in the prospect of
human betterment
  The important highlights of the summit were:

 To leave no section of the population outside the scope of social development.

 To effect structural change which favors social development and activate all sectors of the population to
participate in the social development process.

 To aim at social equity.

 To give high priority to the development of the human resources, including vocational and technical
training.
 Health and family welfare covering social aspects of primary health care,
family planning, child care, nutrition and community health services etc.
 Education covering pre-school education for children, non-formal education
for parents, tutorials for slow-learners and drop-out, continuing education for
adults through reading room and library and social work.
 Social welfare covering child development through integrated child
development services (ICDS), welfare of the differently-able, vocational
training and rehabilitation, family courts and counseling etc.
 Social Defense covering juvenile delinquency and rehabilitation, juvenile
court and family or institutional placement, probation and after care,
suppression of immoral traffic in women and girls, beggary prevention etc.
 Backward classes covering economic development including forestry
agriculture and small-scale industries, housing, special assistance programmed
for the tribal's under Tribal Sub Plan, scheduled castes and scheduled tribe
development corporations, scholarship for school students and post metric
scholarship, protection against untouchability etc.
 Rehabilitation covering refugee relief and rehabilitation, repatriation of the
displaced, resettlement assistance etc. ¢ Employment covering vocational
training and rehabilitation of displaced and marginal workers, rural
employment programmed, food for work, vocational training for youth
including drop-out unsettled etc.
 The multi furious services are mostly provided by state administration,
Government of India preparing plan of services and providing funds on a
jointly agreed formula between state and center.
“Real development is not simply increasing basic incomes,
rather it requires mechanisms that enable the exercise of
freedom.”
Development is a process of expanding the freedom that the
people enjoys.
Freedoms are not only the primary ends of development
they are also among its principal means.
DEVELOPMENT REQUIRES THE REMOVAL OF THE
MAJOR SOURCES OF UNFREEDOM.
• Poverty
• Tyranny
• Poor economic opportunities
• Social deprivation
• Neglect of public facilities
• Intolerance
1. political freedoms
2. economic facilities
3. social opportunities
4. transparency guarantees
5. protective security
 Broadly conceived (including civil rights), refer to the opportunities that
people have to determine who should govern and on what principles, and to include
the possibility to scrutinize and criticize authorities, to have freedom of political
expression and uncensored press, to enjoy the freedom to choose between different
political parties, and so on.
 Refer to the opportunities that individuals respectively enjoy to utilize
economic resources for the purpose of consumption, or production, or exchange.
The economic entitlements that a person has will depend on the resources owned or
available for use as well as the conditions of exchange, such as relative prices and
the working of the markets. Insofar as the process of economic development
increases the income and wealth of the country, they are reflected in corresponding
enhancement of economic entitlements of the population.
 Refer to the arrangements that society makes for education,
health care and so on, which influence the individual’s substantive
freedom to live better. These facilities are important not only for the
conduct of private lives but also for more effective participation in
economic and political activities.

Ex. Illiteracy can be a major barrier to participation in economic

activities that require production according to specification or demand
strict quality control (as globalize trade increasingly does) Similarly,
political participation may be hindered by the inability to read
newspapers or to communicate in writing with others involved in
political activities.
 Deal with the need for openness that people can expect: the
freedom to deal with one another under guarantees of disclosure and
lucidity. When the trust is seriously violated, the lives of many people –
both direct and third parties – maybe adversely affected by the lack of
openness. Transparency guarantees have a clear instrumental role in
preventing corruption, financial irresponsibility and underhand
dealings.
 Is needed to provide a social safety net for preventing the affected
population from being reduced to abject misery, and in some cases even starvation
and death.
Acknowledging, foundationally, the evaluative importance of freedom, we have to
understand the remarkable connection that links freedom of different kinds with one
another.
1. Political freedom (in the form of free speech and elections) help to promote
economic security.
2. Social opportunities (in the form of education and health facilities) facilitate
economic participation.
3. Economic facilities (in the form of opportunities for participation in trade and
production) can help to generate personal abundance as well as public resources for
social facilities.
Growth Development

in a human being means the increase in In human means not only physical growth
weight and height of the individual. but also the necessary changes that he
These are purely physical in nature like has to undergo to develop into a matured
increases in weight from 5 kilos to 50 individual. This means that the
kilos or increases in height from 91 individual’s attitudes, habits, emotions,
centimeters to 191 centimeters. In similar feelings and intelligence must have
fashion, growth in a country’s economy undergone changes to fit into the
means increases in physical output or concept of matured individual. In similar
production. fashion, development in a country’s
economy means both increases in output
or production and changes in the
technical and institutional arrangements
by which the factors of production are
produced and distributed
 Economic growth and economic development are often used
interchangeably. However, there are two distinctions between two
concepts.
1. Economic growth means increase in output or production.
2. Economic development means both more output or production
and changes in the technical and institutional arrangements by which
factors of production are produced and distributed.
 Economic development is shaped not only by economic factors but also by
non-economic factors like environmental, social, and cultural conditions of the
economy. One can get the economic growth of a country by comparing its GDP at
present with the GDP last year. However, it is not so easy to measure development as
it is based upon many parameters such as health, education, literacy levels, and life
expectancy and so on.
Examples of countries like China and India that have huge GDP but not
labeled developed because of their lowly ranks on other parameters such as health,
education and life expectancy is enough to demonstrate the difference between
economic growth and development. In the study of economics, economic growth is
taken as a quantitative measure while development is both a quantitative as well as a
qualitative measure which makes it difficult to quantify.
 seeks to engage local populations in development projects.
(Wikipedia)
 is a process through which stakeholders can influence and share
control over development initiatives, and over the decisions and
resources that affect themselves. (ADB 1996)
 Empowering people to mobilize their own capacities , be social
actors, rather than passive subjects manage the resources, make
decisions and control the activities that affect their lives.(IIED)
 An educational and empowering process in which people, in
partnership with each other and those able to assist them, identify
problems and needs, mobilize resources and assume responsibility
themselves to plan, manage, control and asses the individual and
collective actions that they themselves decide upon (Brent 2005:3)
 Strengthens civil society and the economy by
empowering groups, communities and organizations to
negotiate with institutions and bureaucracies, thus
influencing public policy and providing a check on the
power of government; and,

Enhances the efficiency, effectiveness and

sustainability of development programs.
 General public: those who are directly or indirectly affected by the project
(women’s groups, individuals and families, indigenous groups, religious
groups)
 Government: civil servants in ministries, cabinets, etc. Representative
assemblies: elected government bodies (parliament, national and local
assemblies, district and municipal assemblies, elected community leaders
 Civil society organizations: networks, national and international NGOs,
grassroots organizations, trade unions, policy development and research
institutes, media, community-based organizations.
 Private sector: umbrella groups representing groups within the private
sector, professional associations, chambers of commerce. ´Donor and
international financial institutions: resource providers and development
partners
1. Social Movement Perspective defines participation as the mobilization of people to eliminate unjust
hierarchies of and knowledge, power, and economic distribution.

Empowerment participation is when primary stakeholders are capable and willing to initiate the process
and take part in the analysis

2. Institutional Perspective ´defines participation as the reach and inclusion of inputs by relevant groups in
the design and implementation of a development project.

Stages of a Participatory Development Project from an Institutional Perspective:

1. Research Stage is where the development problem is accurately defined.

2. Design Stage defines the actual activities.

3. Implementation Stage is when the planned intervention is implemented.

4. Evaluation Stage participation ensures that the most significant changes are voiced, brought to common
attention and assessed.
 Incorporating Participatory Approaches and Methods

Information sharing (or gathering) is at the passive or shallow end of the participation scale.

 Consultation

it refers to people being asked for their opinion about something while development
professionals listen to their views.

 Collaboration/joint decision making and empowerment/shared control represent what most

participatory development practitioners consider to be genuine participation.

Shared control involves deeper participation than collaboration. Citizens become empowered by
accepting increasing responsibility for developing and implementing action plans that are
accountable to group members and for either creating or strengthening local institutions.
Economic Growth “Economic growth is necessary to
keep the promise that each generation will have the
opportunity to become more prosperous than the
preceding one, the popular term for which is 'the
American dream”.
-Michael Mandelbaum
 According to United Nations (UN), sustainable development has
been defined as development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs and calls for concerted efforts towards building an
inclusive, sustainable and resilient future for people and planet. For
sustainable development to be achieved, it is crucial to harmonize
three core elements: economic growth, social inclusion and
environmental protection. These elements are interconnected and all
are crucial for the well-being of individuals and societies6 . Last but
not least, eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions is an
indispensable requirement for sustainable development. To this end,
there must be promotion of sustainable, inclusive and equitable
economic growth, creating greater opportunities for all, reducing
inequalities, raising basic standards of living, fostering equitable
social development and inclusion, and promoting integrated and
sustainable management of natural resources and ecosystems.
 The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the
Global Goals, were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as a
universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure
that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and prosperity.
The 17 SDGs are integrated—they recognize that action in one
area will affect outcomes in others, and that development must
balance social, economic and environmental sustainability. Countries
have committed to prioritize progress for those who're furthest behind.
The SDGs are designed to end poverty, hunger, AIDS, and
discrimination against women and girls.
 https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-
goals?utm_source=EN&utm_medium=GSR&utm_content=US_UNDP_PaidSearch_Br
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