EXERCISE 2: Give the original words from which these clipped
words were formed. Complete the table given below:
1 ad ¬advertisement 13 memo ¬memorandum
2 gas ¬gasoline 14 cello ¬violoncello
3 taxi ¬taximeter 15 bus ¬omnibus
4 cab ¬cabriolet 16 coon ¬racoon
5 frat ¬fraternity 17 Phil ¬Philip
6 photo ¬photograph 18 Joe ¬Joseph
7 gin ¬geneva 19 Tom ¬Thomas
8 curio ¬curiosity 20 Al ¬Alvin
9 wig ¬periwig 21 Fred ¬Frederick
1 bra ¬brassiere 22 Bert ¬ Albert
0
1 brandy ¬brandy wine 23 Gene ¬ Eugene
1
1 pike ¬turnpike 24 Beth ¬Elizabeth
2 (road)
EXERCISE 3: Give the original of each of the following blends.
Complete the table given below:
1 smog smoke + fog
2 telecast television + broadcast
3 electrocute electricity + execute
4 splatter splash + spatter
5 Amerindian American + Indian
6 Eurasian European + Asian
7 newsboy Newspaper + boy
8 medicare Medical + care
EXERCISE 4: Give the blends that result from fusing these words.
Complete the table given below:
1 happening + circumstances ® happenstances
2 automobile + omnibus ® autobus
3 escalade + elevator ® escalator
4 blare or blow + spurt ® //blurt
5 squall+ squeak ® squawk
EXERCISE 5: Pronounce these acronyms
and give their originals.
Complete the table given below:
1 UN United Nations
2 MC Master of Ceremonies
3 BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
Anno Domini
4 AD
5 BC Before Christ
Teaching English as a Second Language
6 TESL
7 EFL English as a Foreign Language
8 VIP Very important person
Federation of International Football
9 FIFA
Associations
10 NAM The National Association of
Manufacturers
EXERCISE 6: These verbs are back-formations. Write the words
from which they are formed. Complete the table given below:
1 bootleg bootlegger
2 typewrite typewriter
3 coronate Coronation
4 resurrect resurrection
5 baby-sit baby-sitter
6 advance-register advance-registration
7 laze lazy
8 jell jelly
9 escalate escalator
10 reminisce reminiscence
11 orate orator
12 donate donation
13 Televise television
EXERCISE 7: Indicate the meaning relation between the parts of the
following English compound words. Complete the table given
below:
1 chessboard = board for playing chess on
2 flycatcher = bird that catches flies for food
3 sunlight = light given by the sun
4 daybreak =break of the day
5 frostbite = bite from frost
6 driftwood = wood that drifts
7 popcorn corn that has popped
8 handshake shake by the hand
9 brainwashing washing of the brain
(fig)
10 match maker = one who makes matches
11 mince-meat = Meat that has been minced
12 drinking-water = water for drinking
13 typing-paper =paper for typing on
14 sleepwalking = walking while sleeping
15 sunbather a person who bathes in the sun
16 homework work that is done at home
17 workbench = bench for working at
18 motorcycle = cycle powered by a motor
19 silkworm = worm that produces silk
20 sawdust = Dust produced by sawing
21 doorknob = knob on a door
22 tape-measure = tape used for measuring
23 soap-flake = flake of soap
24 cowshed = shed of cow
= a person who often drops things
25 butterfingers
EXERCISE 8: Name the word formation process of each of the
following words:
1. doorknob: compounding
2. telly: clipping
3. nylon: Coinage
4. porter: derivation
5. silence (v.): conversion
6. radar: radio detecting and ranging (acronymy)
7. chunnel: blending
8. cantata: borrowing
9. ESL: acronym formation
10. televise: back-formation
10. Identify types of phrases in the following sentences and indicate their
functions.
1. They (NP-S) found (VP) her presentation on global warming (PP - PM) (NP
-O) quite persuasive (AdjP - Co).
2. What colour(NP-C) is she(N.P-S) going to dye (VP) her hair(NP-O)?
3. Young people ( NP-S) are (VP) now(ADV.P- Adverbial) surprised at the
belief that people should give the company their unconditional loyalty(finite
clause-postmodifier of belief) (PP-postmodifier of surprised) (Adjective.P-Cs)
4. The data used by the “green” groups (NP-S) were collected(VP) decades
earlier(NP- adverbial).
5. Stocks of fish ( NP- S) are declining (VP) at a much faster rate(PP - A).
6. I(NP-S) considered(VP) him(NP-O) the best art critic to have emerged in
London(NF - PM) (NP-C).
7. He (NP-S) is(VP) in a good mood.(P.P(A))
8. They(NP-S) are painted(finite VP) in a variety of methods(PP-adverbial).
9. She (NP-S) has written (VP) me(NP-Oid) a very nice (AP - PM) letter (NP -
Od).
10. I (NP-S) shall never forget (VP) the immense sensation of space(NP-C) the
first moment we entered that room(finite clause-postmodifier). (NP-adverbial)
11. A full moon (NP-S) was rising (VP) over Godrevy (PP-Adverbial)
12. The surprisingly increasing price of petrol (NP-S) is (VP) one of the reasons
for the city’s economic crisis(PP-PM) (NP-Cs).
