

24
9

Common Organic Compounds:
Properties and Uses

Redeveloped Division Initiated Self-Learning Module

Department of Education i– Division of Palawan

Science – Grade 9
Redeveloped Division Initiated - Self-Learning Module
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Common Organic Compounds: Properties and Uses
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein
the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office
may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners.
The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education, Division of Palawan

Schools Division Superintendent:
Roger F. Capa, CESO VI
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendents:
Rufino B. Foz
Arnaldo G. Ventura

Development Team for

Development Team
Redevelopment Activity

Writers: Evelin D. Latube, Irene G. Bungalso, Writer: Evelin D. Latube

Ofelia R. Acejo Editors: Jona F. Ginez
Content Editor: Jona F. Ginez Allen Joy A. Alojado
Language Editor: Allen Joy A. Alojado Layout Artists: Iniego H. Jusayan Jr.
Management Team: Armando N. Villagracia, Jr.
Aurelia B. Marquez Reviewer & Quality Assurance:
Rosalyn C. Gadiano Maribeth Q. Adier
Rodgie S. Demalinao Management Team:
Aurelia B. Marquez
Rosalyn C. Gadiano
Rodgie S. Demalinao

Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region – Division of Palawan

Office Address: PEO Road, Barangay Bancao-Bancao, Puerto Princesa City
Telephone: (048) 433-6392
E-mail Address:[email protected]
Website: www.depedpalawan.com

ii
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will
tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your
facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of
each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are
provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your
home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

iii
 Science 9
Second Quarter
Common Organic Compounds:
Week 4 Properties and Uses

MELCs:
1. Explain how the structure of the carbon atom affects the type of bonds it
forms. S9MT-IIg-17
2. Recognize the general classes and uses of organic compounds. S9MT-IIh-1

Objectives:
1. To identify the uses of common organic compounds.
2. To identify the types of bonds formed in alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
3. To relate the structures of common organic compounds to their properties.
4. To appreciate the importance of organic compound by relating it to their uses
in our daily lives.

What I Know
Directions: Read and understand the questions carefully. Write the letter of your answer on a
separate paper.

1. Which of the following statements best describes organic compound?

A. Organic compounds are compounds that are produced by living things.
B. Organic compounds are composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen.
C. Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon atoms only.
D. Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon and oxygen only.

2. How do carbon atoms form many organic compounds?

A. By attracting other elements towards themselves to form the bonds.
B. By forming many bonds with other carbon atoms and other elements.
C. By sharing their electrons with other metal and non-metal elements.
D. By transferring their electrons to the atoms of surrounding elements.

3. What happens to the boiling point of hydrocarbon compounds when the number of carbon
atoms increases?
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Remains the same
D. Increases then decreases

1
4. What is the maximum number of bonds a carbon atom can form?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

5. Which of the following is a characteristic of a chemical property?

A. Odor is a type of chemical property.
B. A chemical property is dependent on physical change.
C. A chemical property is dependent on chemical change.
D. Smell is a type of chemical property.

6. To which group of hydrocarbon does the molecule with the structure on

the right belongs?
A. Alkane
B. Alkene
C. Alkyne
D. None of the above

7. Which alkane will most likely have a very low boiling point?
A. Propane
B. Pentane
C. Butane
D. Hexane

8. Joy scratched herself when her arm bumped into the concrete post. What do you think she
would apply to make her bruises free from harmful germs?
A. Formalin
B. Isopropyl alcohol
C. Water
D. Acetone

9. What is the common use of methane?

A. Disinfectant
B. Fertilizer
C. Artificial ripening agent
D. Fuel

10. Which of the following compounds is a carbonyl compound?

A. C.

B. D. All of the above

2
11. Honney has applied something on the ball bearings of the wheels of her bicycle so that
friction will be minimized. Which of the following materials has she applied?
A. Vinegar
B. Ethyl alcohol
C. Kerosene
D. Lubricating oil

12. What organic compound was used by embalmers in treating human cadavers?
A. Acetic acid
B. Formaldehyde
C. Methyl alcohol
D. Acetone

13. Which organic compound is use as a cleaning agent?

A. Gasoline
B. Kerosene
C. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
D. Ethyl alcohol

14. Which of the following pairs of organic compounds is highly flammable?

A. Gasoline, acetone
B. Water, ethyl alcohol
C. Lubricating oil, isopropyl alcohol
D. Liquefied petroleum gas, kerosene

15. A gasoline boy was being scolded by his store manager for smoking in the vicinity of
the gasoline station. Why do you think the manager scolded him?
A. Because gasoline is volatile.
B. Because gasoline is flammable.
C. Because gasoline is viscous.
D. All of the above.

What is It
Organic compounds are formed when carbon and hydrogen are combined with other
elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, and halogens (fluorine, chlorine,
bromine, and iodine). Ethyl alcohol, acetone, gasoline, naphthalene, acetic acid, vanillin,
acetylene, and esters are just a few of the numerous useful organic compounds. Both plants
and animals produce these compounds. These carbon-based compounds, on the other hand,
can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, petroleum is used to produce organic
compounds such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline, lubricating oil, and kerosene.

3
 Numerous organic compounds are formed as a result of the unique properties of the
element carbon. Four valence electrons exist in a carbon atom. Due to this atomic structure,
the carbon atom is capable of forming four covalent bonds with other elements and carbon
atoms. Carbon atoms can also be arranged in a variety of ways, including single bond, double
bond, and triple bond. Chemical bonds between carbon atoms and other elements can form a
variety of compounds with short and long straight and branched chained structures, such as
the following compounds.

Image Credit: https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Hydrocarbon

PROPERTIES OF COMMON ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Each organic compound possesses unique properties or characteristics. While these
compounds share some properties, they do not share all of them.

Petrol, kerosene, diesel oil, lubricating oil, vanillin, acetic acid, and ethyl alcohol are
all examples of organic compounds with a variety of properties. For example, gasoline has a
pungent odor, is highly flammable, and has a high flash point.

The general characteristics of organic compounds include:

1. It can be isolated as well as prepared in laboratory.

2. It comprises almost 90% of all known compounds.
3. Mostly built up of only three elements- carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Other
elements like halogen, nitrogen as well as phosphorous are also present but to a lesser
extent.
4. Possess complex structures and high molecular weights.
5. Their properties are decided by certain active atom or group of atoms known as the
functional group.
6. They are mostly insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.

4
 7. They are combustible in nature. 8. Chemical reactions involving organic compounds
proceed at slower rates.
8. Low melting points and boiling points in comparison to the inorganic compounds.
9. Organic acids and bases are less strong and thus they have a limited dissociation in an
aqueous medium.
10. They exhibit the phenomenon of isomerism in which a single molecular formula
represents several organic compounds differing in physical and chemical properties.
11. They are volatile in nature.

HYDROCARBON

Hydrocarbons are a class of organic chemical compounds that are composed entirely
of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). The carbon atoms form the framework of the compound,
and the hydrogen atoms attach in a variety of configurations to them.

Petroleum and natural gas are primarily composed of hydrocarbons. They are used
as fuels and lubricants and as raw materials in the manufacture of plastics, fibers, rubbers,
solvents, explosives, and industrial chemicals. They are classified into three families based on
the type of bond they contain: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

Image Credit: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/3d-illustration-formation-

alkyne-alkene-ethane-1723647436

Alkanes has only single bonds, alkenes contain a carbon-

carbon double bond, and alkynes contain a carbon-carbon triple bond.

ALCOHOLS AND THEIR USES

Another class of organic compounds is alcohols. It contains a hydroxyl group (OH)
attached to an alkyl group's carbon atom (hydrocarbon chain).

Ethanol Isopropyl Alcohol

Image Credit:
https://chemistrycachet.com/the-truth-about-ethanol-vs-rubbing-alcohol-
for-cleaning-purposes/ 5
 These organic compounds have numerous
applications. It is used as a sweetener and in the
manufacture of perfumes; it is also a useful intermediate
in the synthesis of other compounds and the most
abundant organic chemical produced in industry. Some
alcohols are used as antiseptics or disinfectants, others
as ingredients in liquors, and a few are used as fuel for
portable stoves or other types of burners. Image Credit:

CARBONYL COMPOUNDS

In organic chemistry, the carbonyl group is a divalent chemical unit composed of a

carbon (C) atom and an oxygen (O) atom connected by a double bond. Carbonyl compounds
have higher melting and boiling points than hydrocarbons with the same number of carbon
atoms and are therefore more soluble in polar solvents such as water.

Carbonyl compounds such as acetone and formaldehyde contain a carbonyl functional

group, C=O, that is covalently linked to a carbon atom in the compound. These common
carbonyl compounds also have significant applications, such as acetone being used as a nail
polish remover and formaldehyde being used to preserve organic materials such as animal
specimens. Additionally, this is the compound used to embalm human cadavers.

Image Credit: https://www.w3spoint.com/nature-of-carbonyl-group

Aldehyde is a type of organic compound in which a carbon atom forms a double bond
with an oxygen atom, a single bond with a hydrogen atom, and another single bond with
another atom or group of atoms.

A ketone is an organic compound that contains a carbonyl group in which the carbon
atom is covalently bonded to an oxygen atom. The final two bonds are with other carbon
atoms or with a hydrocarbon.

6
 What I Can Do

Activity 1: Guess What!

Directions: Below is a vocabulary word list with missing letters. Read the definition on the
left side and select the word on the right side. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

Definition Vocabulary Word

7
 1. A measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. Flammability

2. It is also called paraffin or paraffin oil, flammable Kerosene

hydrocarbon liquid commonly used as a fuel.

3. Any of a class of organic chemical compound composed Viscosity

only of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H).

Hydrocarbons
4. Describes how easily a substance will vaporize. It is the
ability of a chemical to burn or ignite, causing fire or
combustion.
Acetic acid
5. Compound (a group of atoms that make a molecule) that
contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) bound to a carbon atom
(C). Volatility

6. Also called ethanoic acid, the most important of the Alkanes

carboxylic acids.

7. The simplest and least reactive hydrocarbons that contain Alkenes

a carbon – carbon double bond.

Activity 2. Organic Compounds, Are They Useful?

Directions: Complete the table below. Using a check mark, indicate the uses of compounds.
You may have more than one check mark (/) per sample depending on its use/s.

Table 1. Organic Compounds and Their Uses

Organic Compounds

Gasoline Ethanol Acetone LPG Kerosene Acetic acid

8
 Beverage

Food

Uses Antiseptic

Fuel

Cleanser

(*This activity is adapted with minor modification, from Glencoe Physical Science Texas
Edition. (1997). Glencoe/ McGraw- Hill Companies Inc., page 369)

What’s More

Activity 3: Hydrocarbons
Directions: Use the data in Tables 1 to 3 to answer the guide questions and write your
answer on separate sheet of paper.

9
Table 1: Alkane

Table 2: Alkenes

10
 Table 3: Alkynes

Guide Questions
1. What are the types of bonds present in the following: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes?
2. Using Tables 1 to 3, what pattern do you observe in terms of the phase, number of
carbon atoms, structure and boiling point of the alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes?
Explain the patterns you observe.
3. What do you think will be the boiling point of the next alkane, alkene, and alkyne?
Will the boiling point of each hydrocarbon be higher or lower? Explain your answer.
4. Why do you think some hydrocarbons are gases and others are liquids?
Activity 4: Alcohol, Ketone or Aldehyde?
Directions: Study the structural formula of different organic compounds and identify if it is
alcohol, ketone or aldehyde.

Structural Formula Type or Group of Organic Compound

1. _____________________________

2. _____________________________

3. _____________________________

11
 4. _____________________________

5. _____________________________

6. _____________________________

7. _____________________________

8. _____________________________

Guide Questions:
1. Based on the structural formula of ketone and aldehyde, why do you think they both
belong to carbonyl group?
________________________________________________________________

2. What makes alcohol different from carbonyl containing compound?

________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Activity 5: Let’s do a recap!

Directions: Using the given graphic organizer, fill in the missing information and description
to complete the entire concept.

Organic Compounds
12

1._________ Alcohol 2._________

 3.___________ 4.___________
Contain carbon ____________ ____________
and hydrogen ____________ ____________
atoms only ____________ ____________
____________ ____________

Subgroup Subgroup

Alkane 5._________ 6._________ 7._________ Ketone

Assessment
PART A. IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Study the structural formula of different hydrocarbons and identify whether it is
alkane, alkene or alkyne.

13
 Hydrocarbon Structural Formula Group of Hydrocarbon

1. _______________________________

2. _______________________________

3. _______________________________

4. _______________________________

5. _______________________________

PART B. MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer for each
question. Use a separate sheet for your answers.
6. What class of organic chemical compounds composed only of the carbon (C) and
hydrogen (H)?
A. Alcohol C. Ketone
B. Hydrocarbon D. Carbonyl Group

7. A hydrocarbon with no ring structure, no double or triple bonds.

A. Alkene C. Alkane
B. Alkyne D. Alkali

8. Which of the following is the molecular formula for ethylene?

A. C2H2 B. C2H4 C. C2H6 D. C2H

For Items 9 -11, refer to the choices below.

14
 9. Which of the following is/ are a carbonyl compound?
A. I only B. II and III C. III and IV D. II only

10. Which of the following is/ are alcohol?

A. I only B. II and III C. III and IV D. II only

11. Which of the following is/are hydrocarbon?

A. I only B. II and III C. III and IV D. II only

PART C. FILL IN THE BLANKS

12. ___________________ is an organic compound use as disinfectant?

13. Mercy’s car stopped in the middle of the road. She found out that her car has run out of
fuel. What kind of compound must she buy? ______________________

14. Lean wants to change her nail polish because it does not look good with her new dress.
What will she use to remove her finger’s old nail polish?
________________________________

15. Alyssa cut her finger accidentally when she was cutting her nails. She must apply
something on his wound so that it will not get infection. What organic compound should
she use? __________________

Answer Key

What I Know

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B
6. B 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C
11. D 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. B

What I Can Do What’s More

Activity 2 Activity 3
1. Compound in the alkanes group only have single
1. gasoline – fuel bonds between carbon atoms.
2. The physical state of the alkanes from methane to
2. ethanol – antiseptic, fuel, beverage
butane is gas and from pentane to octane is liquid.
3. acetone – cleaner 3. The trend in the boiling point of the compound in
alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes is also in an
4. LPG – fuel increasing pattern.
4. The reason why there are hydrocarbons that are
5. Kerosene – fuel, cleaner gases and liquids is because of the structure or the
size of the molecules of the compounds.
What I Can Do
Activity 1: Guess What!
15
1. viscosity 6. alcohol

2. kerosene 7. Acetic acid

 What’s More
Activity 4
1. Alcohol5. alcohol
2. Ketone 6. ketone
3. Aldehyde 7. alcohol
What I Have Learned 4. Aldehyde 8. Aldehyde
Activity 5 Guide questions
1. Both ketone and aldehyde contain carbonyl
1. Hydrocarbon functional group composed of a carbon atom double-
2. Carbonyl Group bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O
3. contain hydroxyl group 2. Alcohol contains hydroxyl group (OH) while
4. contain carbonyl group C=O carbonyl containing compound contains carbonyl
5. alkene group (C=O)
6. alkyne
7. aldehyde

Assessment
1. Alkane 6. B 11. A
2. Alkene 7. C 12. Isopropyl Alcohol
3. Alkane 8. C 13. Gasoline
4. Alkene 9. C 14. Acetone
5. Alkyne 10. D 15. Isopropyl Alcohol

References
Books:
Science Grade 9: Learners Material. First Edition. (2014). Department of Education

Internet/Web Resources:
Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/science/hydrocarbon
Accessed date: August 20, 2021.

Retrieved from https://byjus.com/chemistry/classification-organic-compounds/

Accessed date: August 20, 2021.

Retrieved from https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/list-of-important- organiccompounds-

1456306311-1
Accessed date: August 20, 2021.

Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/science/alcohol

Accessed date: August 20, 2021.

Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/science/carbonyl-grou

Accessed date: August 20, 2021.

16
Retrieved from https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/organic-chemistry/general-introduction-
organic-compounds/
Accessed date: August 20, 2021

Images Source:
1. Retrieved from https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Hydrocarbon
Accessed date: August 20, 2021.

2. Retrieved from https://www.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/3d-illustration-formation-

alkyne-alkene-ethane-1723647436
Accessed date: August 20, 2021.

3. Retrieved from https://chemistrycachet.com/the-truth-about-ethanol-vs-rubbing-alcohol-for-

cleaning-purposes/
Accessed date: August 20, 2021.

4. Retrieved from https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/new-aqa-2016-gcse-chemistry-

organic-lesson-9-and-10-alcohols-chemistry-11304796
Accessed date: August 20, 2021.

5. Retrieved from https://www.w3spoint.com/nature-of-carbonyl-group

Accessed date: August 20, 2021

17
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO Palawan

Curriculum Implementation Division Office

2nd Floor DepED Palawan Building
Telephone no. (048) 433-3292

Learning Resources Management Section

LRMS Building, PEO Compound
Telephone No. (048) 434-0099

18