Section 2: Equations and Inequalities

Topic 1: Equations: True or False? ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29

Standards Covered: This topic covers previous knowledge.
o I can determine if a value of a variable makes an equation a true statement.
Topic 2: Identifying Properties When Solving Equations ................................................................................................................................................................ 31
Standards Covered: A-REI.1.1
o I can justify the steps to solve an equation in one variable.
Topic 3: Solving Equations ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 34
Standards Covered: A-REI.2.3, A-CED.1.1, A-REI.1.1
o I can create and solve equations that represent real-world situations.
Topic 4: Solving Equations Using the Zero Product Property ......................................................................................................................................................... 36
Standards Covered: A-APR.2.3
o I can use the zero product property to solve equations.
Topic 5: Solving Inequalities - Part 1 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 38
Standards Covered: A-REI.2.3, A-CED.1.1
o I can graph inequalities and apply the addition and subtraction properties of inequality.
Topic 6: Solving Inequalities - Part 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 40
Standards Covered: A-REI.2.3, A-CED.1.1
o I can use the properties of inequality to solve inequalities.
Topic 7: Solving Compound Inequalities ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
Standards Covered: A-REI.2.3
o I can solve compound inequalities.
o I understand the differences between "and" and "or" compound inequalities.
Topic 8: Rearranging Formulas ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Standards Covered: A-REI.2.3, A-CED.1.4
o I can solve equations for a specified variable.
Topic 9: Solution Sets to Equations with Two Variables .................................................................................................................................................................. 49
Standards Covered: A-REI.4.10, A-CED.1.2
o I can represent a solution on a graph and determine if a function is discrete or continuous.
Honors Topic 1: Solving Power Equations ................................................................................................................................................................. Available Online
Standards Covered: A-REI.1.2
o I can solve simple rational equations and radical equations in one variable.
o I can give examples showing how extraneous solutions may arise.

27
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
 Visit MathNation.com or search "Math Nation" in your phone or tablet's app store to watch the videos that go
along with this workbook!

The following Mathematics Florida Standards will be covered in this section:

A-APR.2.3 - Identify zeros of polynomials when suitable factorizations are available and use the zeros to construct a rough graph of
the function defined by the polynomial.
A-CED.1.1 - Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear
and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions.
A-CED.1.2 - Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate
axes with labels and scales.
A-CED.1.4 - Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. For example,
rearrange Ohm’s law 𝑉𝑉 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 to highlight resistance 𝐼𝐼.
A-REI.1.1 - Explain each step in solving a simple equation as following from the equality of numbers asserted at the previous step,
starting from the assumption that the original equation has a solution. Construct a viable argument to justify a solution method.
A-REI.2.3 - Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters.
A-REI.4.10 - Understand that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate plane,
often forming a curve (which could be a line).
A-REI.1.2 (honors standard) - Solve simple rational and radical equations in one variable, and give examples showing how
extraneous solutions may arise.

28
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
 Section 2: Equations and Inequalities Let’s Practice!
Section 2 – Topic 1
1. Determine whether the following number sentences are
Equations: True or False? true or false. Justify your answer.
Consider the statement 4 + 5 = 2 + 7. This is a grammatically
a. 13 + 4 = 7 + 11
correct sentence.

Is the sentence true or false?

+ -
b. + = 1.4 − 0.275
, .

Consider the statement 1 + 3 = 8 + 6. This statement is also a

grammatically correct sentence.

Is the sentence true or false?

Try It!

2. Determine whether the following number sentences are

The previous statements are examples of number sentences. true or false. Justify your answer.

Ø A number sentence is a statement of equality a. 83 ⋅ 401 ⋅ 638 = 401 ⋅ (638 ⋅ 83)

between two __________________ expressions.

Ø A number sentence is said to be true if both numerical

expressions are ___________________.

Ø If both numerical expressions don’t equal the same

number, we say the number sentence is ____________. b. (6 + 4), = 6, + 4,

Ø True and false statements are called truth values.

29
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
A number sentence is an example of an algebraic equation. Let’s Practice!

Ø An algebraic equation is a statement of equality 3. Consider the algebraic equation 6 + 3 = 9.

between two __________________.
a. What value can we substitute for 6 to make it a true
Ø Algebraic equations can be number sentences (when number sentence?
both expressions contain only numbers), but often
they contain ________________ whose values have not
been determined.
b. How many values could we substitute for 6 and have
a true number sentence?
Consider the algebraic equation 4 6 + 2 = 46 + 8.

Are the expressions on each side of the equal sign equivalent?

Justify your answer.
4. Consider the algebraic equation 6 + 6 = 6 + 9. What
values could we substitute for 6 to make it a true number
sentence?

Try It!

What does this tell you about the numbers we can substitute 5. Complete the following sentences.
for 6?
a. 8 , = 4 is true for _________________________.

b. 29 = 9 + 9 is true for _________________________.

c. 8 + 67 = 8 + 68 is true for _________________________.

30
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
 BEAT THE TEST! Section 2 – Topic 2
Identifying Properties When Solving Equations
1. Which of the following equations have the correct
solution? Select all that apply. The following equations are equivalent. Describe the
operation that occurred in the second equation.
 2𝑥𝑥 + 5 = 19; 𝑥𝑥 = 7
 3 + 𝑥𝑥 + 2 − 𝑥𝑥 = 16; 𝑥𝑥 = 3 3 + 5 = 8 and 3 + 5 − 5 = 8 − 5
𝑥𝑥 + 2
 = 2; 𝑥𝑥 = 8
5
 6 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 8; 𝑥𝑥 = 7
1
 14 = 𝑥𝑥 + 5; 𝑥𝑥 = 18
3
6 − 3 = 7 and 6 − 3 + 3 = 7 + 3

,(>) .
2(4) = 8 and =
, ,

; ;
= 3 and 2 ⋅ =2⋅3
, ,

This brings us to some more properties that we can use to write

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Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
Properties of Equality Let’s Practice!

If 6 is a solution to an equation, then 6 will also be a solution to 1. The following equations are equivalent. Determine the
the new equation formed when the same number is added to property that was used to write the second equation.
each side of the original equation.
a. 6 − 5 = 36 + 7 and 6 − 5 + 5 = 36 + 7 + 5
These are the addition and subtraction properties of equality.

Ø If ? = @, then ? + A = @ + A and ? − A = @ − A.
b. 6 = 36 + 12 and 6 − 36 = 36 − 36 + 12
Ø Give examples of this property.

E,; +,
c. −26 = 12 and =
E, E,

If 6 is a solution to an equation, 6 will also be a solution to the

new equation formed when each side of the original equation
is multiplied by the same number.

These are the multiplication and division properties of equality.

B D
Ø If ? = @, then ? ⋅ A = @ ⋅ A and = .
C C

Ø Give examples of this property.

32
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
Try It! BEAT THE TEST!

2. The following pairs of equations are equivalent. Determine 1. For each algebraic equation, select the property or
the property that was used to write the second equation. properties that could be used to solve it.

Multiplication or Division
Addition or Subtraction

Commutative Property
a. 2 6 + 4 = 14 − 66 and 26 + 8 = 14 − 66

Distributive Property
Algebraic Equation

Property of Equality

Property of Equality
b. 26 + 8 = 14 − 66 and 26 + 8 + 66 = 14 − 66 + 66

c. 26 + 8 + 66 = 14 and 26 + 66 + 8 = 14
𝑥𝑥
2
=5    

d. 86 + 8 = 14 and 86 + 8 − 8 = 14 − 8
2𝑥𝑥 + 7 = 13    
4𝑥𝑥 = 23    
𝑥𝑥 − 3 = −4    
+ +
e. 86 = 6 and ⋅ 86 = ⋅6 4(𝑥𝑥 + 5) = 40    
. .

10 + 𝑥𝑥 = 79    
−8 − 𝑥𝑥 = 19    
2(𝑥𝑥 − 8) + 7𝑥𝑥 = 9    

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Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
 Section 2 – Topic 3 Other times, a word problem or situation may require you to
Solving Equations write and solve an equation.

Sometimes you will be required to justify the steps to solve an A class is raising funds to go ice skating at the Rink at Campus
equation. The following equation is solved for 6. Use the Martius in Detroit. The class plans to rent one bus. It costs
properties to justify the reason for each step in the chart $150.00 to rent a school bus for the day, plus $11.00 per student
below. for admission to the rink, including skates.

Statements Reasons
What is the variable in this situation?
a. 5 6 + 3 − 2 = 2 − 6 + 9 a. Given

b. 56 + 15 − 2 = 2 − 6 + 9 b.

Write an expression to represent the amount of money the

c. 56 + 15 − 2 = 2 + 9 − 6 c.
school needs to raise.

d. 56 + 13 = 11 − 6 d. Equivalent Equation

e. 56 + 13 − 13 = 11 − 13 − 6 e.

f. 56 = −2 − 6 f. Equivalent Equation
The class raised $500.00 for the trip. Write an equation to
represent the number of students who can attend the trip.
g. 56 + 6 = −2 − 6 + 6 g.

h. 66 = −2 h. Equivalent Equation

F; E,
i. = i. Solve the equation to determine the number of students who
F F
can attend the trip.
+
j. 6 = − j. Equivalent Equation
=

34
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
Let’s Practice!
Some equations, such as 26 + 5 = 26 − 1, have
1. Consider the equation 26 − 3 26 − 1 = 3 − 46. Solve the no solution. There is no number that we could
equation for 6. For each step, identify the property used to substitute for 6 that will make the equation
write an equivalent equation. true.

3. Brooklyn Technical High School surveyed its students about

their favorite sports. The 487 students who listed soccer as
their favorite sport represented 17 fewer students than

three times the number of students who listed basketball
Some equations, such as 26 = 26, have all real as their favorite sport. Write and solve an equation to
numbers as the solution. No matter what determine how many students listed basketball as their
number we substitute for 6, the equation will favorite sport.
still be true.

Try It!

2. Consider the equation 3 46 + 1 = 3 + 126 − 5. Solve the

equation for 6. For each step, identify the property used to
convert the equation.

35
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
 BEAT THE TEST! Section 2 – Topic 4
Solving Equations Using the Zero Product Property
1. The following equation is solved for 𝑥𝑥. Use the properties to
justify the reason for each step in the chart below. If someone told you that the product of two numbers is 10,
what could you say about the two numbers?
Statements Reasons

a. 2(𝑥𝑥 + 5) − 3 = 15 a. Given

b. 2𝑥𝑥 + 10 − 3 = 15 b.
If someone told you that the product of two numbers is zero,
what could you say about the two numbers?
c. 2𝑥𝑥 + 7 = 15 c. Equivalent Equation

d. 2𝑥𝑥 + 7 − 7 = 15 − 7 d.

e. 2𝑥𝑥 = 8 e. Equivalent Equation

2𝑥𝑥 8
f. = f.
2 2 This is the zero product property.

g. 𝑥𝑥 = 4 g. Equivalent Equation Ø If ?@ = 0, then either ? = 0 or @ = 0.

Describe how to use the zero product property to solve the

equation 6 − 3 6 + 9 = 0. Then, identify the solutions.

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Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
Let’s Practice! Try It!

1. Identify the solution(s) to 26 6 + 4 6 + 5 = 0. 3. Michael was given the equation 6 + 7 6 − 11 = 0 and

asked to find the zeros. His solution set was {−11, 7}. Explain
whether you agree or disagree with Michael.

2. Identify the solution(s) to 26 − 5 6 + 11 = 0. 4. Identify the solution(s) to 2 K − 3 ⋅ 6(−K − 3) = 0.

37
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
 BEAT THE TEST! Section 2 – Topic 5
Solving Inequalities – Part 1
1. Use the values below to determine the solutions for each
equation. Let’s start by reviewing how to graph inequalities.

4
0 2 3
5

2 1 3
− − −14
7 2 4 Ø When the endpoint is a(n) _________ dot or circle, the
number represented by the endpoint _____ _________
1 a part of the solution set.
6 0 − −2
4

Describe the numbers that are graphed in the example

above.

(2𝑦𝑦 + 1)(𝑦𝑦 + 14) = 0

(7𝑛𝑛 − 2)(5𝑛𝑛 − 4) = 0
Can you list all the numbers graphed in the example above?
Explain your answer.
(4𝑥𝑥 + 3)(𝑥𝑥 − 6) = 0

𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 + 2)(𝑥𝑥 − 3) = 0
Write an inequality that represents the graph above.
𝑡𝑡(4𝑡𝑡 + 1)(𝑡𝑡 − 2) = 0

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the Algebra Wall and receive help from other Write the solution set that represents the graph above.
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38
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
Consider the following graph. Addition and Subtraction Property of Inequality

Ø If ? > @, then ? + A > @ + A and ? − A > @ − A for any real

number A.

Ø When the endpoint is a(n) ____________ dot or circle, Consider 26 − 1 + 2 > 6 + 1. Use the addition or subtraction
the number represented by the endpoint _______ a property of inequality to solve for 6.
part of the solution set.

Write an inequality that represents the graph above.

Let’s Practice!

Write the solution set that represents the graph above. 1. Consider the inequality 4 + 6 − 5 ≥ 10. Use the addition
or subtraction property of inequality to solve for 6. Express
the solution in set notation and graphically on a number
line.

Why is “or equal to” included in the solution set?

Just like there are properties of equality, there are also

properties of inequality.

If 6 > 5, is 6 + 1 > 5 + 1? Substitute values for 6 to justify your

answer.

39
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
Try It! Section 2 – Topic 6
Solving Inequalities – Part 2
2. Consider the inequality 4𝑥𝑥 + 8 < 1 + (2𝑥𝑥 − 5). Use the
addition or subtraction property of inequality to solve for 𝑥𝑥. Consider 6 > 5 and 2 ∙ 6 > 2 ∙ 5. Identify a solution to the first
Express the solution in set notation and graphically on a inequality. Show that this solution also makes the second
number line. inequality true.

Consider 6 > 5 and −2 ∙ 6 > −2 ∙ 5. Identify a solution to the first

inequality. Show that this solution makes the second inequality
false.

3. Peter deposited $27 into his savings account, bringing the

total to over $234. Write and solve an inequality to
represent the amount of money in Peter’s account before
the $27 deposit.

How can we change the second inequality so that the

solution makes it true?

Consider −R > 5. Use the addition and/or subtraction property

of inequality to solve.

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40
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
Multiplication Property of Inequality V
b. + 8 ≤ 9
=
Ø If ? > @, then for any positive real number S,
?S _______ @S.

Ø If ? < @, then for any positive real number S,

?S _______ @S.

Ø If ? > @, then for any negative real number S,

?S _______ @S.

Ø If ? < @, then for any negative real number S,

2. At 5:00 PM in Atlanta, Georgia, Ethan noticed the
?S ______ @S.
temperature outside was 72℉. The temperature
decreased at a steady rate of 2℉ per hour. At what time
The same property is true when dealing with ≤ or ≥.
was the temperature below 64℉?
Let’s Practice!

1. Find the solution set of each inequality. Express the solution

in set notation and graphically on a number line.

a. −9K + 4 < −7K − 2

41
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
Try It! BEAT THE TEST!

3. Find the solution set to the inequality. Express the solution 1. Ulysses is spending his vacation in South Carolina. He rents
in set notation and graphically on a number line. a car and is offered two different payment options. He
can either pay $25.00 each day plus $0.15 per mile
a. −6 (6 − 5) > 42 (option A) or pay $10.00 each day plus $0.40 per mile
(option B). Ulysses rents the car for one day.

Part A: Write an inequality representing the number of

miles where option A will be the cheaper plan.

b. 4(6 + 3) ≥ 2(26 − 2)

Part B: How many miles will Ulysses have to drive for

option A to be the cheaper option?

42
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
2. Stephanie has just been given a new job in the sales Section 2 – Topic 7
department of Frontier Electric Authority. She has two Solving Compound Inequalities
salary options. She can either receive a fixed salary of
$500.00 per week or a salary of $200.00 per week plus a 5% Consider the following options.
commission on her weekly sales. The variable 𝑠𝑠 represents
Stephanie’s weekly sales. Which solution set represents the Option A: You get to play NBA 2K after you clean your
dollar amount of sales that she must generate in a week in room and do the dishes.
order for the option with commission to be the better
choice? Option B: You get to play NBA 2K after you clean your
room or do the dishes.
A {𝑠𝑠|𝑠𝑠 > $300.00}
B {𝑠𝑠|𝑠𝑠 > $700.00} What is the difference between Option A and B?
C {𝑠𝑠|𝑠𝑠 > $3,000.00}
D {𝑠𝑠|𝑠𝑠 > $6,000.00}

Circle the statements that are true.

2 + 9 = 11 and 10 < 5 + 6

4 + 5 ≠ 9 and 2 + 3 > 0

0 > 4 − 6 or 3 + 2 = 6

15 − 20 > 0 or 2.5 + 3.5 = 7

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Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
These are called compound equations or inequalities. Let’s Practice!

Ø When the two statements in the previous sentences 1. Consider 6 < 1 or 6 > 6. Could we write the inequalities
were joined by the word AND, the compound above as 1 > 6 > 6? Explain your answer.
equation or inequality is true only if __________
statements are true.

Ø When the two statements in the previous sentences

were joined by the word OR, the compound equation
or inequality is true if at least _________ of the
statements is true. Therefore, it is also considered true if
_________ statements are true. 2. Graph the solution set to each compound inequality on a
number line.

Let’s graph 6 < 6 and 6 > 1. a. 6 = 2 or 6 > 5

This is the __________________ ______________ to the compound b. 6 > 6 or 6 < 6

inequality.

How many solutions does this inequality have?

Many times this is written as 1 < 6 < 6. This notation denotes the c. 1 ≤ −6 ≤ 7
conjunction “and.”

We read this as “6 is greater than one ________ less than six.”

44
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
 Try It!
Be on the lookout for negative coefficients.
When solving inequalities, you will need to 4. Graph the solution set to each compound inequality on a
reverse the inequality symbol when you multiply number line.
or divide by a negative value.
a. 6 < 1 or 6 > 8

3. Write a compound inequality for the following graphs.

b. 6 ≥ 6 or 6 < 4
a. Compound inequality:

c. −6 ≤ 6 ≤ 4
b. Compound inequality:

45
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
5. Write a compound inequality for the following graphs. BEAT THE TEST!

1. Use the terms and symbols in the table to write a

compound inequality for each of the following graphs.
You may only use each term once, but you do not have
to use all of them.
a. Compound inequality:
3𝑥𝑥 −14 −6 ≥ − 17 15 <
7𝑥𝑥 < 2 or ≤ 3𝑥𝑥 + >

Compound Inequality:
b. Compound inequality:

Compound Inequality:

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Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
 Section 2 – Topic 8 Let’s Practice!
Rearranging Formulas
1. Consider the equation _6 − Y6 + K = [; solve for 6.
Solve each equation for 6.

26 + 4 = 12 26 + K = [

Did we use different properties when we solved the two Try It!
equations?
2. Consider the equation 8A + 6` = 5a; solve for A.

Consider the formula for the perimeter of a rectangle:

\ = 2] + 2^.

Sometimes, we might need the formula solved for length.

When solving for a variable, it’s helpful to
circle that variable.

47
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
 BEAT THE TEST!
; E C
3. Consider the equation = 8; solve for A.
, 1. Isaiah planted a seedling in his garden and recorded its
height every week. The equation shown can be used to
estimate the height, ℎ, of the seedling after ^ weeks since
he planted the seedling.

= c
ℎ= ^+
> >

Solve the formula for ^, the number of weeks since he

planted the seedling.

48
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
2. Under the Brannock device method, shoe size and foot Section 2 – Topic 9
length for women are related by the formula 𝑆𝑆 = 3𝐹𝐹 − 21, Solution Sets to Equations with Two Variables
where 𝑆𝑆 represents the shoe size and 𝐹𝐹 represents the
length of the foot in inches. Solve the formula for 𝐹𝐹. Consider 6 + 2 = 5. What is the only possible value of 6 that
makes the equation a true statement?

Now consider 6 + K = 5. What are some solutions for 6 and

K that would make the equation true?

Possible solutions can be listed as ordered pairs.

Graph each of the ordered pairs from the previous problem

on the graph below.

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Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
What do you notice about the points you graphed?

In this case, our solutions must be natural
numbers. This is called a discrete function.
Notice that the solutions follow a linear
How many solutions are there to the equation 6 + K = 5? pattern. However, they do not form a line.

d. Create a graph that represents the solution set to your

Let’s Practice! equation.

1. Taylor has 10 songs on her phone’s playlist. The playlist

features songs from her two favorite artists, Beyoncé and
Pharrell.

a. Create an equation using two variables to represent

this situation.

b. List at least three solutions to the equation that you

created.

c. Does this equation have infinitely many solutions? e. Why are there only positive values on this graph?
Why or why not?

50
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
Try It!

In this case, we have a continuous function.
2. The sum of two numbers is 15. Notice the solutions are rational numbers and
they form a line.
a. Create an equation using two variables to represent
this situation.

3. What if we changed the problem to say the sum of two

integers is 15?

b. List at least three possible solutions. a. Create an equation using two variables to represent
this situation.

c. How many solutions are there to this equation? b. Is this function discrete or continuous? Explain your
answer.

d. Create a visual representation of all the possible

solutions on the graph. c. Represent the solution on the graph below.

51
Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities
 BEAT THE TEST!
THIS PAGE WAS INTENTIONALLY
1. Elizabeth’s tablet has a combined total of 20 apps and
movies. Let 𝑥𝑥 represent the number of apps and 𝑦𝑦 LEFT BLANK
represent the number of movies. Which of the following
could represent the number of apps and movies on
Elizabeth’s tablet? Select all that apply.

 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 20
 7 apps and 14 movies
 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 20
 𝑦𝑦 = −𝑥𝑥 + 20
 8 apps and 12 movies
 𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 = 20

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Course Workbook - Section 2: Equations and Inequalities