International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-2015

RFID Based Car Parking Security System Using

Microcontroller IC89c52.
Miss. Supriya S. Kadam, Miss. Vijaymala S. Shinde , Miss. Monali M. Desai
Assistant Professor,Department of Electronics and and Miss. Priyanka G. Deshmukh,
telecommunication Engineering; Dr. Dulatrao Aher college B.E. student, Department of Electronics and
of Engineering,Karad, Dist-SATARA; Maharashtra , India telecommunication Engineering; Dr. Dulatrao Aher college
of Engineering, Karad, Dist-SATARA; Maharashtra, India

Abstract - Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of the using IR sensor. This sensor detects car by using principle
automatic identification and non line of site technology. In of photo-emission of IR LED. In this project we proposed
this technology communication is in between the tag and following working: Interface RFID module for sending
reader. The tag is movable object like a smart card and any message to microcontroller, Interface LCD display to
type of material object. Each tag have magnetic strip with the
display the vacancy of slot location, Interface alcohol
specific code and tag is read by RFID reader module. One
RFID reader module is simultaneously communicate with the sensor to detect person drink or not, Interface buzzer to
number of tag but one tag is not communicate with the alert the person drink or not, Interface IR sensor to detect
number of RFID reader module. In this project provide the car.
car parking area security with the help of RFID technique.
When user show his RFID tag to the RFID reader. Reader II.LITERATURE REVIEW
read the code information which available on the tag and with
the help of microcontroller program memory, display RFID technology has several applications in
required comment on LCD. If the code is match then open the extend beyond the retail sector. RFID tags are embedded in
door of parking and if code is reject by the reader then closed
passports for security and personal identification in ID
door of parking as well as buzzer ON. In the project, alcohol
detection system also required for the safety of human and cards to control access to buildings. Tags are used for
cars in parking area. Alcohol sensor MQ-3 is gas sensor which electronic payment for transportation system and other
is more sensitive about alcohol and lower conducting in payment systems, for example credit cards and smart cards.
atmospheric clean air. It has several medical uses including tracking of new born
babies in hospital, storing information of surgical patients,
procedures, and tracking medical equipment.
INDEX TERM- Microcontroller89C52,RFID technology,
Alcohol detection, security. RFID systems used in toll collection, transport
payments and logistics management systems by using
I.INTRODUCTION conventional RFID system. When the capability of RF
communication is accurately analyzed, it can be seen that
Today’s technical world security is one of the
there are more possibilities beyond that. After considering
main issue various types of security is implemented with
the characteristics and behaviors of RF communication, it
the help of technology [1].The project is constructed on
is possible to design some new applications that improve
Automatic Identification and Data capture (AIDC)
the safety, security, comfort-ability, and productivity in
principal, it is the part of RFID. RFID tag have two type
passive tag and active tag. This is a very good project for eco-friendly manner [8].
Industries. The project will be used in the electronic Automated Vehicle Identification process
devices, and RFID reader, which is latest technology used determines the identity of vehicle. At the toll gate there is
for identify the authorized vehicle. When an authorized limited number of gates facilities. So creates many
RFID Tag comes in front of RFID reader, then reader reads problems. In this AVI system, barcodes are fixed in each
information about that vehicle from its unique RFID vehicle which is read by objective tag on toll booth. This
Tag and record into system [1]. RFID reader performs the
system is closely related to Vehicle Classification System.
whole task. The main components of project are IR sensor, The Vehicle Classification System used for different types
89C52 microcontroller, RF module, alcohol detector. We of vehicles had different charge rate at passing through toll
use 89C52 microcontroller as main controlling unit. It is facilities but it is limited users, more variety of sensors
high performance, low power, 8 bit microcontroller. RF used to provide the presence of vehicle. Violation
module used as transmitting and receiving unit. We choose
Enforcement System used for reducing unpaid toll or used
RF module used because it is wireless, accessibility is fast
to determine toll violaters. In this system, number plate
and less time is wasted, accuracy is greater than 99% and recognisation is done in form of image [6].
cost is effective than running cables. The car was sensed by

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-2015

This car parking security system is developed B. BLOCK DIAGRAM

with the help of microcontroller and RFID technology.
Existing applications are using conventional RFID tags and When RFID card is inserting, RF module uses
store only a unique number and the data related to the tag is Radio Frequency (RF) transmitter which is single bit
taken from the proprietary databases. Though the RF tag transmitter. It works on 433MHz frequency. With the help
can play a big role to achieve safety, security, productivity of antenna, RF transmitter convert electrical signal into
and comfort ability in our project, current usage of them is electromagnetic signal. At the receiver side, RF receiver
not up to the maximum possibility due to many reasons. If used to convert Electromagnetic (EM) signal into electrical
user used RFID technology with one more important signal. Then when signal go to microcontroller execute the
design that is car parking security system. program and transmit signal for display on LCD. Alcohol
The RF tag can play a vital role to achieve safety, detector used if person is not drinking then buzzer is off
security, productivity and comfortability. The importance and person take drink buzzer is on. Buzzer used in this
of RFID system is that, it gets verification from the Road project is piezoelectric buzzer.
Transportation Office (RTO).The user will require an
authentication to get proceed to the thumb registration When capacity of parking system is 5 vehicles, it
module by which the efficiency of thumb is enhanced shown on LCD and also shows the vacancy of the slots.
using Pattern Matching Algorithm (PMA). Face Car sensor used is IR sensor which works on the principle
recognition system is a technique in which will be used of photoemission. Then its output is given to comparator.
after the thumb registration system. At the last, this system Comparator compares sensed output with predefined
allows the user to drive the car and for emergency, a key threshold level. At the exits gate and entry gate there is IR
insertion slot will be placed in this system through which sensor and this sensor sense the car and open the gate.
user can insert the key. In emergency mode of operation
the camera captures the driver’s image and sends it to the C.HARDWARE SYSTEM
owner’s mobile as Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
and the owner will provide the authentication password. 1.Microcontroller89c52:
Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) module The 89c52 is commonly used microcontroller have 8K byte
is kept inbuilt for tracking purpose [8]. programmable flash memory. 89c52 has the less complex
The system used contactless smart card to limit features, easily available and cheap in comparison of other
the entries of unwanted persons. Contactless smart card has microcontrollers..
information stored in which when come in the field of
RFID reader it reads the information stored in the card.
Reader recognize information and match with the
information stored in it .If this reader has the information
about card it will allow the card user to enter in area. If
reader does not find information in tag in its memory it will
not allow. [1]

III. METHODOLOGY

In this section RFID systems operates from very low

frequency(VLF) to extremely high frequency(EHF).RFID
system operating in low frequency range make use of
electromagnetic wave propagation to communicate their
data, these use passive tags.

A.OPERATING PRINCIPLE

RFID systems operating in low frequency range

operates on principle of near field coupling between tag
and reader. In operating principle of RFID, Faraday’s
principle of electromagnetic induction is the basis of near
field coupling [3]. In near field RFID system,
electromagnetic waves are transmitted by reader or
interrogator which propagates outwards with spherical
wave front. Tags placed within field collect some energy.
Then exchange of data between tag and reader takes place.
The amount of energy available at any particular point is Figure 1. Block Diagram of RFID car parking security system
related to distance from the transmitter as expressed as 1/d
[3] where d is distance from the transmitter.

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-2015

2.RFID-Card: IV.EXPERIMENTAL RESULT:

RFID card is compressed of a microchip containing
identifying data which is single binary bit or large array of Top view of hardware of RFID based parking
bit and an antenna that transmits this data wirelessly to security system is shown in figure 2, when RFID reader
reader. We use passive tag have no their own power and passive tag are the main components used and each
source. At its most basic, the chip will contain a serialized passive tag has different serial number stored in microchip
identifier, or license plate number, that uniquely identifies inside the tag [4]. The serial number is given by
that item, similar to the way many bar codes are used manufacturer. We have stored serial number information in
today. programming; we have used here six passive tags.
Corresponding to each serial number, stored flat number
3.RFID-Reader: allowed to enter the parking area.
It work as transceiver. RFID card is comes in contact of the When press the enter switch, LCD display “RFID
RFID reader placed at entrances. Reader is electronic card please.” After place there card in field of reader then
device which is produce electromagnetic field. With the LCD display “card ok and allow” to park then door is open
help of electromagnetic field it provides power to the tag to it show in figure 4 and LCD status for the condition one car
read the stored information. When the transponder Tag is park which is shown in figure 3. At the exit gate IR
draws power in this way the resultant interaction of the RF sensor gives signal to controller and LCD display “ exit is
fields causes the voltage at the transceiver antenna to drop allow” which is shown in figure 5.
in value. This effect is utilized by the Tag to communicate Two cards are invalid. When this card will be
its information to the reader. The Tag is able to control the shown on door does not open and “access denied” message
amount of power drawn from the field and by doing so it is displayed in LCD display [5]. This system also shows
can modulate the voltage sensed at the Transceiver the person is take alcohol or not with the help of alcohol
according to the bit pattern it wishes to transmit. detector.

4. Motor Driver IC L293D:

It is 16 pin quad push-pull drivers and delivering output
current to 1A per channel. It is dual pair bidirectional
motor driver IC. It is available in 16 pin Batwing dual in
package DIP packages. Each channel is controlled by
Transistor Transistor Logic (TTL) compatible logic input
and each pair of drivers is equipped with an inhibit input
which turns off all four transistors.

5. Level convertor (MAX 232):

It is 16 pin IC .It is used as a level convertor. As AVR
uses Transistor Transistor Logic (TTL)/Complementary
metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) levels and Global
service for mobile (GSM) works on RS232 standard. So to
establish link between them we use MAX232.MAX232 Figure 2. Top view of hardware of RFID based parking security system.
uses 2 drivers. Drivers are used to convert TTL/CMOS
levels into RS232 levels. Receivers are used to convert
RS232 levels into TTL/CMOS levels.

6. Infrared (IR) sensor:

For sensing the car we are using LTH1550 sensor. This
sensor has IR transmitter and IR Receiver. IR signal use to
detect the car by measuring intensity of reflected signal. By
using this sensor and its related circuit diagram we can
control the gate of parking system.

7. Alcohol detector:
MQ-3 gas sensor use here, which is having high sensitivity
of alcohol and conductivity is also higher. Alcohol Figure 3. LCD status for the condition one car is park and ready to next
detection rang is 10~1000ppm. one car.

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-2015

Figure 4. LCD displays shown card is ok and allow to park

Figure 5. LCD displays allow to Exit

V.SYSTEM DESIGNG FLOW Figure 6. Flowchart of project system

Steps: VII. CONCLUSION

This project utilizes the password by RFID card
I. START. and then the cars are park at the particular location. The
II. User RFID tag sends it code to RFID reader. system will provide excellent security, avoid accident in
III. RFID reader decodes data. parking area and get accurate information about parking.
IV. If RFID code is match then entry of that person is This system aims at saving a large amount of man-hours
accepted otherwise entry will be rejected by the caused by problems those are created in parking area,
system. where prevention can save lives and property. By using
V. Alcohol detection test. project we can avoid the robbery. We can also reduce the
VI. If test is positive , entry reject and congestion of the traffic in parking area as well as the
VII. If test is negative, Entry accepts. vehicle thefts. We can create project using electronic
devices, hardware, real time application and software
knowledge.. RFID is increasingly used as biometric
technologies for security purpose. The advantage of all
types of RFID systems is the non-contact, non-line-of-sight
in nature of the technology. Hence, this project can be
useful and can be implemented in real time applications for
recording the attendance. By integrating both RFID and
microcontroller generates a project with wider boundaries
and effective solutions. The system can be improved by
increasing the range of reader in which the tag can be read.
Improvement can be done by using this system in which
the tag encrypts its ID and then sends to the RFID reader,
which will eliminate the capturing of the tag IDs and hence
cloning the tags. It offers a valuable detailed database
records and preference to developer and investigators. The
RFID based security system could plays important role in

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-2015

providing sensitive environments at low cost.In future this VIII. REFERENCE

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