Algebra - 5

Contents
 Modulus QA - 22
 Logarithm CEX-Q-0223/21

Number of questions : 35

Modulus
 4 
(1) (–4, 3, 6) (2)  , 2, 3 
1. Solve: |4x – 16| = 0  3 

2. Solve for x: 4|x + 5| + 8 = 6|x + 5| + 10  4 

(3)  , 3, 1 (4) (–4, 3, 1)
(1) 2  3 
(2) 4 (5) No solution
(3) 5
(4) No solution 7. The sum of possible values of x in the
equation |x + 7| + |x – 8| = 10 is: (XAT)
3. If |x2 – 5x + 6| + |x 2 – 7x + 12| = 0, then (1) 1 (2) 2
find x. (3) 3 (4) 4

4. If (|x| – 3) (x + 5) < 0, then what is the range 8. Find the number of real values of x, where, x
of values of x? is a real number, that satisfy the equation
(1) (–3, 3) or (5, ) | 2x  7 |  | x  5 |  14.
(2) (–3, 5)
(1) 0 (2) 1
(3) (–, –5) or (–3, 3)
(3) 2 (4) 3
(4) None of these
(5) 4

5. What is the solution set of the inequality

9. If |q|  1 and x = – |p| q, then which one of the
||x| – 4| > 5?
following is necessarily true? (CAT)
(1) (–, –9)  (9, )
(1) p – xq < 0 (2) p – xq  0
(2) (–, –9)
(3) p – xq > 0 (4) p – xq  0
(3) (9, )
(4) None of these
10. How many integral solutions exist for the
6. Find the solution set (x, y, z), where x, y and 5 3
equation | x – 10 |  | y – 30 |  3?
z are real numbers, for the system of
(1) 14 (2) 25
equations x + y + z = 5, 2|y| + z = 7
and |x| + 2x = –4. (3) 21 (4) None of these

QA - 22 Page 1
11. Find the solution set (x, y), where x and y Logarithm
are real numbers, for the system of equations:
| 3x2  2x |  y  8 and x2 + |y| = 4. 18. If a, b, c and d are positive numbers such
(1) (– 1, 3) or (2, 0) that a2 = b2 = c5 = d6, then the value of
logd(abc) is
 3 7 
(2) (– 1, 3) or (– 2, 0) or  ,  (1) 5.8 (2) 6.0
2 4  (3) 7.2 (4) 6.4
 3 7 
(3)  ,  or (2, 0)
2 4 
 3 7   1 
19. If log10 9 = m, then log10   is equal to
(4) (–1, 3) or (2, 0) or  ,  90 
 2 4 
(1) –(1+ m) (2) (1 + m)–1
 3 7 
(5) (2,0) or  , 
 2 4  m 1
(3) (4)
10 10m
12. If x satisfies the inequality
|x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3|  6, then  25 
(1) 0  x  4 (2) x  0 or x  4 20. If log20 10  log20 (10x  1)  log20  x    1,
 2 
(3) x  –2 or x  3 (4) None of the above
then find x.
13. The function f(x) = |x – 2| + |2.5 – x| + |3.6 – x|,
where x is a real number, attains a minimum  1 1 1 
21. The value of    
at (CAT)  log5 210 log6 210 log7 210 
(1) x = 2.3 (2) x = 2.5 is
(3) x = 2.7 (4) None of these
22. If log 2 log 3 log 2log x 2 1024 = 1, f ind the
14. In the x–y plane, the area of the region value of x?
bounded by the graph
|x + y| + |x – y| = 8 is (CAT)
23. If Log2 x.Log x 2  Log x 2. Then x is
(1) 8 (2) 16
64 16
(3) 64 (4) 256
(1) 2 (2) 4
15. Find the area of the region bounded by (3) 16 (4) 12
y = |x – 1| and y = 2.
24. If log10y – log10 y  2 logy 10, then a possible
16. 2
Let f(x) = ax – b |x|, where a and b are value of y is given by (CAT)
constants. Then at x = 0, f(x) is (CAT) 1
(1) maximized whenever a > 0, b > 0 (1) 10 (2)
100
(2) maximized whenever a > 0, b < 0 1
(3) minimized whenever a > 0, b > 0 (3) (4) None of these
1000
(4) minimized whenever a > 0, b < 0

17. Find the number of integral values of x that 25. Solve for x if 3log(x  4) (x  1)  log(x  4) 27 .
8 8
satisfy the inequality || 2x  19 | 7 |  5.
(1) 13 (2) 12 (1) 4 (2) 3
(3) 11 (4) 10 (3) 2 (4) 1
(5) 9 (5) No solution

Page 2 QA - 22
26. log10 (log2 3) + log10 (log3 4) + ----+ log10 31. Find the number of different values of x that
(log1023 1024) equals satisfy the equation
(1) 10 (2) e
(3) 1 (4) 0 log  log x  
2 27 3 4  (log4 x)2  5(log4 x)  2.
 
log 48 log 48 2 log 48 3
27. If P  27 3  3 27  27 3  (1) 1 (2) 2
log 48 4 log 48 99 x
(3) 3 (4) 4
3 27  ...  27 3 = 48 , then find (5) No real values of x exist
3x
the value of .
50 32. Find the number of digits in 250. (log 2 = 0.301)
(1) 497 (2) 499 (1) 15 (2) 16
(3) 501 (4) 503 (3) 14 (4) 10

a 33. How many ‘0’s are there in 3–70 that appear

28. What is the value of , if log4 log4 4a–b
b between the decimal and the first non-zero
= 2log4  a  b + 1? digit after the decimal. (Log 3 = 0.477)
5 (1) 34 (2) 33
(1) (2) 2 (3) 30 (4) 35
3
5
(3) (4) 1
3 34. Let m and n be positive real numbers such
that log5(m + n) + log5(m – n) = 3 and
29. Find the value of x from the following equation:
log2n – log2m = 1 – log23, then ‘mn’ equals
log103 + log10 (4x + 1) = log10 (x + 1) + 1
(1) 25 (2) 100
2 7
(1) (2) (3) 150 (4) 250
7 2
9
(3) (4) None of these
2 35. If x  y and y > 1, then the value of the

30. How many real values of ‘x’, where ‘x’ x y
expression logx    logy   can never be.
is a real number, satisfy the equation y x
81log10 x  3  2xlog10 9 ? (1) – 1 (2) – 0.5
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 0 (4) 1
(3) 2 (4) 5
(5) 4

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QA - 22 Page 3
 Solutions CEX-Q-0223/21
QA - 22 : Algebra - 5

1 4 2 4 3 3 4 3 5 1 6 5 7 1 8 3 9 2 10 2
11 4 12 2 13 2 14 3 15 4 16 4 17 4 18 3 19 1 20 3
21 1 22 4 23 2 24 2 25 5 26 3 27 2 28 3 29 2 30 2
31 1 32 2 33 2 34 3 35 4

1. 4 Every modulus is a non-negative number. Case II:

Here, RHS = 0
So LHS must be zero. For x < –4 and x > 4, | x | 4 | x | 4
 4x – 16 = 0
 4x = 16 | x | 4  5

16 |x| > 9
 x   4.
4  x   , – 9   (9, )

2. 4 4|x + 5| + 5 = 6|x + 5| + 10 Option (1) is correct.

4|x + 5| – 6 |x + 5| = 10 – 8
–2|x + 5| = 2
6. 5 | x | 2x  4
|x + 5| = –1
Every modulus is a non-negative number but here If x  0, then 3x  4
RHS is negative.
Hence, x has no solution. Not possible
If x < 0, then x = – 4
3. 3 Every modulus is a non negative number and if two Now, x + y + z = 5
non-negative numbers add up to get zero, then
individual numbers itself equal to zero simultaneously. Therefore, y + z = 9 and 2 | y |  z  7
 x2 – 5x + 6 = 0 for x = 2 or 3
If y > 0, then y + z = 9 and 2y + z = 7, but this gives
 x2 – 7x + 12 = 0 for x = 3 or 4
Both the equations are zero at x = 3 a negative value of y, so not possible.
So, x = 3 is the solution. If y < 0, then y + z = 9 and z – 2y = 7, but this gives a
positive value of y, so not possible
4. 3 Case I: Hence, there is no solution set for the given system
(|x| – 3) < 0 and (x + 5) > 0 of equations.
or |x| < 3 and x > – 5
This gives the range (–3, 3)
7. 1 We have, |x + 7| + |x – 8| = 10
Case II:
(|x| – 3) > 0 and (x + 5) < 0 For x  –7,
 |x| > 3 and x < – 5 –x – 7 – x + 8 = 10 or – 2x = 9
This gives the range (–, –5)  x = –4.5
So, overall range is (–, –5) or (–3, 3).
For –7  x  8,
Hence, option (3).
x + 7 – x + 8 = 10 or 15 = 10, which is not true.
5. 1 Case I:
For 4  x  4 For x  8
| x | 4  4 | x |
x + 7 + x – 8 = 10 or 2x = 11
 4 | x |  5
 x = 5.5
–1 > |x|
This is not true for any value of x. Hence, sum of possible values of x = –4.5 + 5.5 = 1.

QA - 22 Page 1
8. 3 | 2x  7 |  | x  5 |  14  8 solutions are possible.
If LHS = 3,
If x  5,  2x  7  x  5  14
a  3, b  0 or a  0, b  3 or a  2, b  1
 3x  26
or a  1, b  2
26  12 solutions are possible.
x 
3 Hence the total number of solutions
= 1 + 4 + 8 + 12 = 25.
7
If  x  5, 2x  7  5  x  14
2
11. 4 Here 3x 2  2x  y  8 ...(i)
 x  16
But x lies between 3.5 and 5, hence x cannot be x2 + |y| = 4 ...(ii)
equal to 16.
7 Case I: If 3x2 – 2x  0 and y  0
If x  ,  7  2x  5  x  14 3x2 – 2x + y = 8
2
x2 + y = 4
2  2x2 – 2x – 4 = 0
x  x2 – x – 2 = 0
3
 (x – 2) (x + 1) = 0
Therefore, there are two real values of x that satisfy  x = – 1 or 2 and hence, y = 3 or 0
the equation. which satisfies the range.

9. 2 x = –|p| q Case II: If 3x2 – 2x  0 and y < 0

Now p – xq = p – (– |p| q) q 3x2 – 2x + y = 8
= p + |p| q2 x2 – y = 4
p  pq2 if p  0  4x2 – 2x = 12
 p – xq    2x2 – x – 6 = 0
2
p  pq if p  0  (x – 2) (2x + 3) = 0
3 7
p(1  q2 ) if p  0  x = 2 or and hence, y = 0 or 
2 4
   2
p(1  q ) if p  0
 3 7 
Consider first case: So only  ,  satisfies the range.
 2 4 
As p  0 and |q|  1, therefore (1 + q2) is positive.
 p (1 + q2)  0
Case III: If 3x2 – 2x < 0 and y  0
 p – xq  0
– 3x2 + 2x + y = 8
Consider second case.
x2 + y = 4
As p < 0 and |q|  1, therefore (1 – q2)  0
 –4x2 + 2x + 4 = 8
 p (1 – q2)  0 (Since –ve × –ve = +ve and 1 – q2 can
 4x2 – 2x + 4 = 0
be zero also), i.e., p – xq  0
 2x2 – x + 2 = 0
Therefore, in both cases p – xq  0.
No real value of x.

10. 2 | x  105 |  | y  303 | 3 Case IV: If 3x2 – 2x < 0 and y < 0

– (3x2 – 2x) + y = 8
Let x – 105 = a and y – 303 = b
x2 – y = 4
| a |  | b | 3  –3x2 + 2x + x2 – 4 = 8
LHS can take values 0, 1, 2 or 3.  2x2 – 2x + 12 = 0
If LHS = 0, only one solution is possible.  x2 – x + 6 = 0
a = 0, b = 0 Again no real value of x.
If LHS = 1, Henc e the solution s ets are (–1, 3), (2, 0)
a  1, b  0 or a  0, b  1  3 7 
and  ,  .
 4 solutions are possible. 2 4
If LHS = 2,
a  2, b  0 or a  1, b  1 or a  0, b  2

Page 2 QA - 22
 Alternative method: 14. 3 The graph of |x + y| + |x – y| = 8 is given below
2 2
| 3x  2x |  y  8 and x  | y | 4
Checking the options: A
If x = –1 and y = 3, then D
(–4, 4) (4, 4)
| 3x 2  2x |  y = 8 and x 2  | y | = 4
2
If x = 2 and y = 0, then | 3x  2x |  y = 8 and

x 2  | y | 4

3 7
If x   and y   then| 3x 2  2x |  y = 8 and
2 4

x 2  | y |  4 . Hence, option (4) is correct

C B
12. 2 I. x < 1 (4, –4)
(–4, –4)
 1 – x + 2 – x + 3 – x  6 or x  0 .
Hence, this case is possible.
The area inclosed by the graph |x + y| + |x – y| = 8 is
II. 1  x  2
a square of side 8 units.
 x  1  2  x  3  x  6 or x  2 Hence, area = 8 × 8 = 64 sq. units.
Hence, this case is not possible.
III. 2  x  3
15. 4
 x  1  x  2  3  x  6 or x  6
Hence, this case is not possible.
IV. x  3
 x  1  x  2  x  3  6 or x  4
Hence, this case is possible.
Therefore, required solution set is x  0 and x  4.

13. 2 Case 1: If x < 2, then y = 2 – x + 2.5 – x + 3.6 – x

= 8.1 – 3x.
This will be least if x is highest i.e. just less than 2.
In this case y will be just more than 2.1
y = |x – 1|  y = x – 1 or y = –(x – 1) = 1 – x
Case 2: If 2  x  2.5, then B is the intersection point of y = x – 1 and y = 2
y = x – 2 + 2.5 – x + 3.6 – x = 4.1 – x 2 = x – 1
Again, this will be least if x is the highest i.e. just less x = 3
than 2.5. In this case y will be just more than 1.6.  B  (3, 2)

Case 3: If 2.5  x  3.6 , then y = x – 2 + x – 2.5 + 3.6 A is the intersection point fo y = 1 – x and y = 2
– x = x – 0.9 y = 1 – x
This will be least if x is least i.e. x = 2.5. 2=1–x
x = –1
Case 4: If x  3.6 , then  A  (–1, 2)
y = x – 2 + x – 2.5 + x – 3.6 = 3x – 8.1 (AB)  (3  1)2  (2  2)2  4
The minimum value of this will be at x = 3.6 and y = 2.7
Hence, the minimum value of y is attained at x = 2.5 1 1
 Area = 2  base  height  2  4  2 = 4 sq. unit.
Alternate method:
At x = 2, f(x) = 2.1
16. 4 When a > 0, b < 0,
At x = 2.5, f(x) = 1.6
ax2 and –b |x| are non negative for all x,
At x = 3.6, f(x) = 2.7
i.e. ax2 – b|x|  0
Hence, at x = 2.5, f(x) will be minimum.
 ax2 – b |x| is minimum at x = 0 when a > 0, b < 0.

QA - 22 Page 3
17. 4 || 2x  19 | 7 |  5 1
Similarly, in RHS = log 1 2  
5  | 2x  19 | 7  5 2
4
 2  | 2x  19 |  12 Hence, option (2) is the correct choice.
  12  2x  19  2 or 2  2x  19  12
 7  2x  17 or 21  2x  31 24. 2 log10 y  log10 y  2logy 10
7 17 21 31
 x or x  y 
2 2 2 2  log10    logy 100
Therefore, there are 10 integer values of x that  y 
satisfy the inequality i.e. x = 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, log10 100
14 and 15.  log10 y 
log10 y

6 1 2
 log10 y 
18. 3 Here, a  d3 , b  d3 and c  d 5 . 2 log10 y
6
3 3  2
 logd (abc)  logd d 5  7.2logd d  7.2.   log10 y   4

 log10 y  2
 1 
19. 1 log10    log10 1  log10 90  log10 y  2 or log10 y  2
 90 

   log10 9  10   102  y or 102  y

  log10 9  log10 10 1
 y  100 or y  .
= –(m + 1) 100

 25 
20. 3 log20 10  log20 (10x  1)  log20  x    log20 20 25. 5 Here 3log( x  4) (x  1)  log( x  4) 27
 2 
8 8

 25 
 log20 10(10x  1)  log20 20  x    log (x  4) (x  1)3  log( x  4) 27
 2 
8 8
 25  So, (x – 1)3 = 27
 10(10x  1)  20  x  
 2  x–1=3
10x + 1 = 2x + 25 x=4
 8x = 24
x = 3. x4
Here, cannot be equal to 1.
8
21. 1 log2105 + log2106 + log2107
 log2105 × 6 × 7 = log210210 = 1 x4
At x = 4,  1 --- a contradiction.
8
22. 4 log2 log3 log2logx 21024 = 1
So, no solution is possible.
 log3 log2logx 21024 = 21
 log2logx 21024 = 32 = 9
26. 3 log10(log23) + log10(log34) + ...... + log10(log10231024)
 logx 21024 = 29 = 512
 21024 = x512  4512 = x512 = log10[log23 × log34 × log45 ×........× log10231024]
x=4  log3 log4 log5 log1023 log1024 
 log10     ........ 
 log2 log3 log4 log1022 log1023 
23. 2 Given that log2 x.log x 2 = log x 2
64 16  log1024 
Putting x = 4 in LHS we have  log10  
 log2 
  2 log2 2 1 = log10[log21024] = log10[log2(210)]
 2log2 2   log 1
2  
 ( 4)log2 2 2 = log1010 = 1.
 16 

Page 4 QA - 22
 log 48 log 48 2 log 48 3 log 48 4 31. 1 2  27log3 (log4 x)   (log4 x)2  5(log4 x)  2
27. 2 P  27 3 3 27  27 3 3 27  ...  
log 48 99 Putting log4x = y, we get
… 27 3 .
 2y3  y 2  5y  2
2 4
 P  483  48 3  489  48 3  ......  48297  zlogz m  m, if z is any cons tan t 
 
2
(1 2  3 ...... 49)
 P  483(1 3 5...... 99)  48 3  2y3  y 2  5y  2  0

1 1
24950  (y  1)(y  2)(y  )  0  y  1, 2,  .
3
24950 2 2
 P  48 x
3 But log4x cannot be negative.
3x So, y = 2
  499.
50 log4x = 2  x = 42 = 16
 Number of values of x is 1.

2 32. 2 Log 250 = 50 Log 2 = 50 × 0.301 = 15.05.

28. 3 log4 log4 4a  b  log4  a b   log4 4.
So the number of digits will be 16

 
 (a  b)  4 a  b  2 ab  4a  4b  8 ab 33. 2 Log 3–70 = (–70) Log 3 = (–70) × (0.477) = –33.39

 3a  5b  8 ab  0 = –34 + 0.61 = 34.61

So 3–70 should be in the form of A × 10–34.
2 So the answer is 33.
 a a
 3    8 5 0
 b b
34. 3 log5(m + n) + log5(m – n) = 3
 log5(m + n) (m – n) = 3
a  log5(m2 – n2) = 3
Let  x.
b  m2 – n2 = 53 …(i)
Then, 3x2 – 8x + 5 = 0. log2n – log2m = 1 – log23

5 n
 x  1,  log2  log2 2  log2 3
3 m

a 5 n 2
But a  b  0  x     …(ii)
b 3 m 3
Putting the value of (ii) in (i), we get
29. 2 log10 3  log10 (4x  1)  log10 (x  1)  log10 10 2
2 
3  (4x  1)  (x  1)  10 m2   m   53
3 
7  m = 15 and n = 10
2x = 7 or x = .  mn = 150.
2

 x  y
30. 2 81log10 x  3  2  xlog10 9 35. 4 logx    logy  
 x
 y
92log10 x  3  2  9log10 x because a log10 b
 blog10 a   log x x  log x y  log y y  log y x

Let 9log10 x  k. 1
 2  log x y 
log x y
 k 2  3  2k
Therefore, k = 3 or –1 Since logxy is a non-negative number, the value of
But k cannot be negative.  1 
 9log10 x  3  log x y   has to be greater than or equal to 2.
 log x y

 x  10 So, the value of the given expression cannot be a

Hence, x has only one value. positive real number. Thus, 1 cannot be the value of
the given expression.

QA - 22 Page 5