11

Subject Area
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Simple Separation
Techniques
Subject Area – Grade 11
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Simple Separation Techniques
First Edition, 2020

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 Introductory Message

This Self learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners , can
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continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step by step as you
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discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Heredity: Inheritance and Variation. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is about:

 Lesson 3 – Simple Separation Techniques

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain the difference between pure substances and mixture
2. Explain the difference between pure substances and mixture
3. Describe methods or techniques used to separate mixtures
 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. What is the correct order for obtaining salt from a mixture of salt and sand?
a. Filtration –Dissolving in water - Evaporation
b. Evaporation – Filtration – Dissolving in water
c. Dissolving in water – Filtration -Evaporation
d. Dissolving in water – Evaporation -Filtration

2. Which method is usually used to separate colored substances from each

other?
a. Simple distillation
b. Chromatography
c. Evaporation
d. Filtration

3. Pure water can be separated from inky water by simple distillation because:
a. Water and ink have different boiling points
b. Water evaporates leaving the ink particles behind
c. Ink evaporates leaving the water behind
d. Water and ink have different freezing point

4. Which is the best way to get salt from salty water?

a. Filtration
b. Simple distillation
c. Evaporation
d. Chromatography

5. What is the name of the piece of paper at the end of chromatography

experiment?
a. Chromatogram
b. Filtrate
c. Iron fillings
d. Residue

6. If Reggie knows the components of a mixture and the boiling points of the
components, which is a possible way to isolate the components in the
mixture?
a. Make use of distillation
b. Make use of evaporation
c. Make use of magnetic attraction
d. Make use of paper chromatography

7. Evaporation is a process that removes a ______________.

a. Distillate
b. Filtrate
c. Solute
d. Solvent
8. The liquid that condenses during distillation is called the ________________.
a. Distillate
b. Filtrate
c. Residue
d. Suspension

9. If you want to separate iron fillings from sand, you would use a ___________.
a. Colander
b. Filter
c. Funnel
d. Magnet

10. Evaporation means going from liquid to a ________________.

a. Liquid
b. Gas
c. Solid
d. Residue

11. Crude oil can be separated into several liquids that have different boiling
points. What is the name of this process?
a. Chromatography
b. Evaporation
c. Fractional distillation
d. Simple distillation

12. When can filtration technique can be used?

a. To crystallize salt
b. To separate a solid from a liquid
c. To separate two liquids
d. To separate a mixture of different colored dyes

13. Which of the following statement is TRUE?

a. Mixtures are hard to separate
b. Mixtures have a fixed composition
c. Mixtures do not have fixed composition
d. Mixtures’ atoms or compounds are joined together

14. After filtration of a sand-water mixture, Sand is left in the filter paper. The
sand is the ___________.
a. Chromatogram
b. Filtrate
c. Solvent
d. Residue

15. What property does paper chromatography make use of to separate its
components?
a. Absorption rate of the chemicals
b. Components of a liquid mixture will travel at different rates
c. Solubility of the solvent in the filter paper
d. The end product can be very pretty
 Lesson
Simple Separation
4 Technique
Mixture can be separated by physical means and through various techniques.
Which will be discuss later.

What’s In

Great job Chemist! You have successfully answered the questions above. In this part,
let us try to become a good consumer in our own way by doing this simple activity.

Activity 1: Where do I belong?

Directions: Below are examples of Consumer Product. Identify whether the product
is Convenience product, shopping product, Specialty products, and Unsought
products.

Products Consumer Product

1. Designer’s clothes

2. Encyclopedia

3. Computers

4. Wedding gowns

5. Pre-planned funeral services

6. Coffee, tea, and sugar

7. Life insurance

8. Encyclopedia

9. Fruits and Vegetables

10. Appliances (TV, Lawn mowers)

 What’s New

Great work chemist! You can still recall your previous lessons. This time, in relation
to our new lesson please answer below the activities prepared for you.

Pure Substances and Mixture

Pure Substances can be either element or compound. Example, Gold is a pure
substance composed only of gold atoms, while water is pure substance composed of
only hydrogen and oxygen atoms chemically bonded together to form water molecule.

Mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances that can be separated

physically. Example, Air is also a mixture, composed of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon
dioxide and other gases.

Activity 1: Pure Substances vs. Mixture

Objective: To list five (5) things around your home or school that you think might be
a pure substances and mixture.

Pure Substances Mixture

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixture

We can further classify mixture as Homogeneous and Heterogeneous.
Homogeneous mixture is uniform throughout. The distribution of substances is
equal all throughout. This is also called solution, where a solute is dissolved in a
solvent. Air is an example of homogeneous mixture of many gases (Nitrogen, Oxygen,
Carbon dioxide, and water vapor).

Heterogeneous mixture on the other hand is not uniform throughout. The

distribution of substances is not equal. Sand and water is an example, if we mix
sand to water we can easily distinguish sand from water, and it can be separated
physically.

Activity 2: Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous

Objective: Check if the mixture is homogeneous or heterogeneous.

Mixture Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Water and Sugar
Coffee
 Milk
Paint
Water and Powdered chalk
Juice
Air
Salt and water
Pepper and salt
Vinegar and salt

What is It

How is pure substances differ from Mixture?

Pure substances can either be element or compound, while Mixture is a combination
of two or more pure substances. Mixture can be further classify into homogeneous
(solution) which is a uniform mixture of substances and heterogeneous mixture
(colloid and suspension) which is the unequal distribution of substances which
results in a non-uniform mixture.

Mixtures can be separated into their different pure substances components through
their physical properties. Pure substances have their own unique physical properties
such as density, state of matter, melting point, boiling point and solubility. Scientists
needed to have understanding of these physical properties to separate them. The
following are examples of method or technique in separating mixture.

Filtration can be used to separate insoluble solids from water. It uses filter to
separate the solid from water.

Materials required for separating solids from liquids include: a large beaker (vials
can be an alternative), glass funnel (plastic funnel in your home can be an
alternative), a piece of filter paper, and a container filled with mixture.

Procedure:
 Fix the funnel over the beaker.
 Fold the piece of filter paper into shape of a cone and place it
inside the funnel.
 Moisten the filter paper with water.
 Slowly pour the mixture over the funnel
 You will observe that the solid remains, while the liquid passes
through the filter paper and is accumulated in the beaker.

A liquid containing solid particles is called suspension. When a suspension is

filtered, the solid that remains on the filter paper is called residue. Filtrate, on the
other hand is the term for the liquid that passed through the filter paper. A mixture
of two solids can be separated if only one of them is soluble in a particular solvent
and the other is not.
An example of such a mixture would be a salt-sand mixture, in which salt is
soluble in distilled water while sand is not.

Image: https://keystagewiki.com/index.php/Filtration

Filtration using filter paper is time-consuming. An electronic instrument called

centrifuge can be used for filtration quickly for commercial purposes. Filtration is
employed in vehicles in the form of air and oil filters.
 An air filter traps dirt particles that enters in the engine,
protecting the engine’s cylinder, walls, pistons, and piston rings.
 An oil filter cleanses oil that passes through the filter element.

Human Nose acts also as filter, and other household like strainer and coffee sock.

Distillation involves separating a liquid (solvent) from a solution. Two processes are
involved in distillation: boiling and condensation.
 The solution is heated in the distillation flask so that the solvent
evaporates and becomes vapour.
 The vapour then rises, and is directed to the condenser and where it is being
cooled.
 The vapour then condenses into a liquid called the distillate.

Distillation can also be used to separate miscible liquids with different boiling
points (that is, liquids that dissolve in each other). Liquids that do not mix are said
to be immiscible while the liquids that mix completely are called miscible.
 When separating two miscible liquids, the liquid with the lower boiling point
will evaporate and is collected first.
 During the evaporation and collection, the temperature remains constant at
the boiling point of the liquid.
 The conical flask will be removed once the temperature starts increasing
again. To prevent the previous liquid to be contaminated by the other one.
 The other liquid will remain in the distillation flask.

Example:
Distillation may be used to obtain pure water from seawater. Seawater is
evaporated and the water vapour that escapes condenses into pure water. This is
however a very expensive process, and it requires a lot of fuel as a huge amount of
water has to be heated.
 Fractional distillation on the other hand is used to separate two miscible
liquids with different boiling point. Fractional distillation has industrial application
of these is to obtain petroleum fractions from crude oil in oil refineries and
making alcoholic beverages.

Image: https://chemistrynotesblog.wordpress.com/seperation-
techniques/introduction-to-separation-techniques-2/

Image: https://www.topperlearning.com/answer/a-what-is-fractional-
distill/1rx1w9xtt

Chromatography is an analytical method of isolating the coloured components of a

mixture. Chromatography comes in many forms: paper chromatography, liquid
chromatography, gas chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography.

Paper chromatography is used to separate the components of a mixture by treating

the mixture with a solvent. When a spot of ink is put on to the chromatography
paper, the dyes in the ink are absorbed unto the surface of the paper.
 As the solvent is soaked up by the paper, it dissolves the dyes.
 A dye that is not very soluble and is strongly adsorbed onto the paper travels
the slowest, while a dye that is highly soluble and weakly adsorbed is
carried the furthest through the paper.
 Chromatogram is the term used to refer a chromatography paper with the
separated components of a mixture.
Example:
1. Paper chromatography is commonly used to find colours in dyes and
coloured substances used in food products such as sweets and canned
vegetables.
2. It can also be used to identify poisons or drugs, detecting traces of banned
additives in foodstuffs.

Image: https://byjus.com/chemistry/paper-chromatography/

Note: You can also learn more about paper chromatography through YouTube.
https://youtu.be/uOhefwQBAbI

In addition to the techniques and methods we can used in separating mixtures are
the following:

Evaporation refers to the process in which there is a gradual change of state from
liquid to gas.

Magnetic attraction uses the basic principle of magnetism to separate a mixture

of magnetic and non-magnetic substances. It usually used magnets.

Desalination is the removal of salt from water. It produces pure water.

Crystallisation is used to separate soluble solids that tend to decompose upon

heating, from its solution.
 What’s More

Excellent work scientist! Now that you already know the different techniques in
separating mixtures, you can easily do the next activity.

A. Directions: Make a concept map out of the term you have encountered
previously in our discussion and connect it with the word below with
definition.

Separating
Techniques
 What I Have Learned

Summarize what you have learned from the very start by answering the questions
below.

1. Differentiate pure substance from mixture. Cite an example.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Explain the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture. Cite
an example.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Cite two (2) industrial application of fractional distillation.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Give three (3) techniques or methods we can used in separating mixture. Cite
an example in each technique or method.
1.
2.

3.

What I Can Do

Job well done scientist! You are close completing your work. Now is the time you
apply what you have learned in this module.

Directions: Answer the questions below.

1. Describe what method you would use to obtain:

a. Pure water from a mixture of ink and water.
b. Petrol (boiling point 20 60 C) from a mixture of petrol and
kerosene (boiling point 180 220 C)

2. A student used a pen to draw a line across a piece of chromatography

paper. He then placed a sample of dye on the drawn line for analysis. Is the
student doing the right thing? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is an industrial application of fractional distillation?

a. Identifying poisons or drugs, detecting traces of banned additives in
foodstuffs
b. An air filter trapping dirt particles entering the engine.
c. Sewage treatment
d. Making alcohol beverages

2. Which of the following statement is TRUE?

a. During distillation, water vaporizes and changes into steam.
b. During distillation, hot water is used to run along the condenser.
c. During distillation, the thermometer is not necessary.
d. During distillation, in the condenser, the water evaporates.

3. Grace accidentally poured a blue liquid into a beaker of water in the

laboratory. The blue liquid is immiscible in water and is denser than water.
What she use to separate the liquid?
a. Displacement can
b. Distilling flask
c. Filter funnel
d. Separating funnel

4. To separate mud from muddy water we can use filtration. The mud
collected in the filter paper is known as ________________.
a. Crystals
b. Filtrate
c. Mixture
d. Residue

5. Which of the following method is most suitable for separating a mixture of

dissolved solid and water?
a. Crystallization
b. Filtration
c. Sublimation
d. Simple distillation

6. Simple distillation separates on the basis of _______________

a. Boiling point
b. Freezing point
c. Melting point
d. Temperature

7. If you want to separate iron fillings from sand, you can use _______________.
a. Colander
b. Filter
c. Funnel
d. magnet
8. The following are the precautions we need to consider in carrying out
distillation Except:
a. The thermometer should be placed at the side arm of the flask, and
should not dip into the solution.
b. The condenser slopes downward so that the pure solvent formed can
run into the receiver.
c. If the distillate is volatile, the receiver can be put in a large container
filled with ice to keep the temperature of distillate low.
d. The conical flask must be put over the top of tripod and carried by
clamp.

9. Suspensions are best separated by which process?

a. Crystallization
b. Distillation
c. Filtration
d. Chromatography

10. Crystallization exploits difference in which factors?

a. Specific heat
b. Boiling point
c. Melting Point
d. Bubble point

11. Which of the following methods are to be applied to separate Oxygen rich
components and Nitrogen rich components?
a. Crystallization
b. Distillation
c. Magnetic attraction
d. Zone melting

12. How is oil and Hexane separated?

a. Crystallization
b. Electrophoresis
c. Distillation
d. Separating funnel

13. What does the term 'filtrate' means?

a. the liquid that passes through the filter paper
b. the liquid that evaporates from a solution
c. solid particles that are left behind after filtration on the filter paper
d. solid particles that decompose upon heating

14. When do we use evaporation to separate components?

a. A solid-solid mixture when one of the components sublimes.
b. A solid-liquid mixture when solid particles are dissolved.
c. A liquid-liquid mixture when one of the liquids has lower boiling point.
d. A liquid-solid mixture when solid particles can be seen in the mixture.

15. What does the term solute means?

a. Solid particles that are left behind after filtration on the filter paper
b. Solid particles that are left behind after evaporation
c. The liquid that is collected at the end of distillation
d. The liquid that evaporates from a solution
 Additional Activities

Congratulations! You’ve come this far. I know you’ve learned a lot about simple
techniques used in separating mixture. Now for your additional activities, read the
article below and answer the guide question.

It’s not often that scientists have to go to the front line of a war zone, but
that’s what happened recently in Syria.

The government there, which is fighting in a civil war, had used poisonous gas
against the rebels. But before the United Nations could demand that Syria give up
its chemical weapons it had to prove what was in them. That’s where the scientists
came in.

Travelling in very dangerous areas where they could be shot at any time, the chemists
moved through the war zone collecting samples from where the gas had been used.
Fortunately they did so safely and got the samples back to the lab.

The next job was to analyze the samples to see exactly what gas had been used.

They used a two-step technique called gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The

first step separates the sample into its components. The second step identities the
components by identifying signature chemical properties.

The scientists proved that the poisonous gas sarin had been used and so the United
Nations was able to force Syria to destroy its chemical weapons.

Article: read the full article at

http://cosmosmagazinecom.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/cosmosmagazine.com/science/chemi
stry/inside-syria-the-search-for-sarin/amp/?amp_js_v=a3&amp_gsa=1&usqp

Guide Question:

Based on the article you have read, how important that we have the knowledge
about these methods and techniques in separating mixture?
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
 Answer Key

15. B 15.B
14. B 14.B
13. A 13.C
12. D 12.B
11.B 11.C
10.C 10.D
9. C 9. A
8. D 8. D
7. D 7. B
6. A 6. A
5. D 5. A
4. D 4. C
3. C 3. B
2. A 2. B
1. D 1. C

Assessment What I Know

References

Lewis, Rob, D., Waynne Evans, 2006. Chemistry. 3rd ed. New York: PALGRAVE
MACMILLAN pp.350-364

“Chromatography, Distillation and Filtration: Methods of Separating Mixtures.”

Study.com. June 8, 2012. http://study.com/academy/lesson/states-of-matter-
and-methods-of-separating mixtures.html.

Bond, Thomas., Hughes, Chris., Singapore Lower Secondary Science Critical Study
Notes Book AA (Yellowreef). Yellowreef limited, 2013. http://www.yellowree.com

“Separation Techniques.” Located at

http://cosmosfroschools.com/PDFs/Lesson_033_handout.pdf

Methods for Separating Mixtures, Chem.libretext.org. Updated October 17, 2019,

http://chem.libretext.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Book%3A_Introductory_
chemistry_(CK12)/02%3A_Matter_and_Change/2.08%3A_Methods_for_Separating_Mixt
ures
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