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Non-Traditional Machining and Automation: B.Tech. (4 Sem) Spring 2021 Department of Mechanical Engineering NIT Srinagar

The document provides an overview of the Non-Traditional Machining and Automation course offered at NIT Srinagar. The course aims to analyze automation systems, identify CNC machine functions, recognize non-traditional machining processes, and illustrate mechanisms in these processes. The first unit covers introduction to automation, flexible manufacturing systems, cellular manufacturing, and robotics elements. Product positioning and processing strategies like make-to-stock, assemble-to-order and engineer-to-order are defined. Elements of a robotic system including manipulator, control system, computer system and need for robots are outlined.

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Jatin prasad Tandan
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63 views

Non-Traditional Machining and Automation: B.Tech. (4 Sem) Spring 2021 Department of Mechanical Engineering NIT Srinagar

The document provides an overview of the Non-Traditional Machining and Automation course offered at NIT Srinagar. The course aims to analyze automation systems, identify CNC machine functions, recognize non-traditional machining processes, and illustrate mechanisms in these processes. The first unit covers introduction to automation, flexible manufacturing systems, cellular manufacturing, and robotics elements. Product positioning and processing strategies like make-to-stock, assemble-to-order and engineer-to-order are defined. Elements of a robotic system including manipulator, control system, computer system and need for robots are outlined.

Uploaded by

Jatin prasad Tandan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Non-Traditional Machining and

Automation
(MET 255)
B.Tech. (4th Sem) Spring 2021
Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIT Srinagar

Course Incharge
Dr. Noor Zaman Khan
Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, a student should be able to:

• CO1: Analyze and access the importance of automation and industrial automated systems.

• CO2: Identify and Analyze functions and functioning of CNC machines.

• CO3: Recognize the need of non-traditional machining processes and understand the working of high energy
beam machining.

• CO4: Illustrate underlying mechanisms in non-traditional machining processes along with their applications
Syllabus of Unit 1
• Introduction to automation

• Types of automation

• Introduction to Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)

• Elements, types and advantages of FMS

• Cellular Manufacturing

• Types of flexibilities in FMS

• Test of flexibility

• Product processing strategies

• Introduction to robotics

• Elements of Robotic Systems


Product positioning Strategies
1. Make-to-stock: Manufacturing system where products are completed and placed
into finished goods inventory or placed in a distribution centre prior to receiving a
customer order.
2. Assemble -to-order: Manufacturing system where products undergo final assembly
after receiving a customer order
3. Make-to-order: Manufacturing system where the product is manufactured after a
customer has placed an order. Longer lead times are usually tolerated, since the
product is customized to the customer’s specific needs.
4. Engineer-to-order: Manufacturing system where the customer order requires
engineering design or other degrees of product specialization. A significant amount
of manufacturing lead time is spent in the planning or design stages. This type of
system is also known as design-to-order.
Product Processing Strategies

• Job Shop

• Project Shop

• Cellular Manufacturing

• Flow line
Job Shop
• Machines with similar functional
or processing capabilities are
grouped together as a
department.

• Parts are routed through the


different departments via a
process plan.

• Products are manufactured in


small volumes with high product
variety.
Project Shop
• In a project shop, the products position
remains stationary during the
manufacturing process due to size, weight
and location of product.
• Materials, people and machinery are
brought to the product or product site.
• This type of environment is also called a
fixed position or fixed site layout.
• Products manufactured in a project shop
could include aircrafts, ships, locomotives
or bridge and building construction
projects.
Cellular Manufacturing System
• A CMS forms production cells
by grouping together
equipment that can process a
complete family of parts.
• The production environment
contains one or more cells
which are scheduled
independently.
Flow Line
• In flow line, machines and other types of
equipment are organized according to the process
sequence.

• This type of layout is also known as repetitive


manufacturing layout.

• Dedicated repetitive and mixed-model repetitive


are the most common types of flow lines.

• Dedicated repetitive flow lines produce only one


product or small variations in that product.

• Mixed model repetitive refers to manufacturing


two or more products on the same line.
Definition of Robots
1.Definition of robot by Computer Aided Manufacturing-International (CAM-I),
USA:
It states that a robot is “a device that performs functions ordinarily ascribed to
human beings, or operates with what appears to be almost human intelligence.”

2. The second definition is by Robotics Institute of America (RIA), USA.


RIA defines a robot as a “programmable, multifunction manipulator designed to
move materials, parts, tools, or special devices through variable programmed
motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.”
Industrial Robot
• An industrial robot is a general-purpose programmable
machine possessing certain anthropomorphic (having
human characteristics) features.
• The most obvious human-like feature is the robot’s
mechanical arm, or manipulator.
• An industrial robot consists of a mechanical manipulator
and a controller to move it and perform other related
functions.
• The mechanical manipulator consists of joints and links
that can position and orient the end of the manipulator
relative to its base.
The first industrial robot was installed in a die-casting operation at Ford Motor
Company. The robot’s job was to unload die castings from the die-casting
machine.
• Robots perform several tasks in factories.

i. Movement of materials on the shop floor (Automated guided vehicles (AGV) or rail
guided vehicle (RGV)

ii. Loading and unloading of components in machines (Gantry robot, machine mounted
robot, free-standing robot)

iii. Inspection using vision sensors

iv. Manufacturing operations like painting, welding, component insertion in printed circuit
boards, sorting, automatic assembly, sampling, dispensing, marking, etc.
Elements of a Robotic System
• A robot is a system made up of several elements of hardware and software
Components of the robot manipulator
(a) A manipulator: The base and arm assembly. It consists of a
series of link–joint–link combinations. Manipulator joints can
be classified as linear or rotating, indicating the motion of the
output link relative to the input link.

(b) End-of-arm tooling, such as a gripper or end effecter

(c) Actuators: Motors or drives that move the links of the robot
and associated equipment.

(d) Transmission elements like belts, pulleys, ball screws, gearing


and other mechanical components.
Control system
• The control system is used to generate the necessary signals to co-ordinate the
movements of the robot.

It includes:

(a) Mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, or electronic (either open loop or


closed loop) controls.

(b) Sensors including cameras, amplifiers, and related hardware.

(c) Equipment interfaces.


Computer system
• This provides the data processing capability necessary to interpolate the intermediate
positions and control the movement of the links or arms the robot.

• It includes:

(a) Microprocessor or a programmable logic controller or a personal computer

(b) User interfaces (e.g. keyboard, display, teach pendant)

(c) Control software to manipulate the robot for various applications.


Need for using Robots
(i) Robots can be built with performance capabilities superior to those of human beings in terms of strength,
size, speed, accuracy and repeatability.

(ii) Robots are better than humans to perform simple and repetitive tasks with better quality and consistency.

(iii) Robots can replace humans in performing tasks that are difficult and hazardous because of factors such
as size, weight, reach, precision or environment (e.g., heat (as in pressure die casting), dust (as in foundries),
chemicals (detection of mines), nuclear radiation, and pollution).

(iv) Robots do not have the limitations and negative attributes of human workers, such as fatigue, need for
rest, diversion of attention, absenteeism, need for refreshments etc.

(vi) Robots can lower costs, through reduction in usage of materials, through their efficiency and
consistency.

(vii) Robots become more economical as labor costs increase.

• Robot still cannot match the unique combination of mental skill and alertness and physical
dexterity of a human operator
Thank You

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