Appendix A1

Example: Post-Tensioned
Deck Parking Garage

This exercise is an illustration of typical calculations to be Wind Note "A"

performed in the design of a post-tensioned deck parking Seismic Note "A"
structure. The design examples are presented using both
Note "A" refers to local codes for wind + seismic loads.
LRFD and ASD design procedures.
Component Design
55'-0" 55'-0"
Post-Tensioned Slab:
TYP. EXTERIOR
PRE-CAST PANEL The thickness of a post-tensioned slab is a function of its
span. A span to depth ratio of 45 for parking structures
END BAY GIRDER

END BEAM END BEAM (3) SPA. @ 15'-0"

almost always satisfies both structural and serviceability
INT. BEAM A INT. BEAM A
P.T. SLAB requirements.
SPAN
INT. BEAM A INT. BEAM A
Span = 18 ft
INT. BEAM B INT. BEAM B
Required slab thickness =
18'-0"

TYP. INT. BUMBER TYP. INT. BUMBER

18 ft (12 in./ft)
INT. BEAM B INT. BEAM B = 4.8 in.
Use 5 in. thickness. 45
TYP. INT. COL. TYP. EXT. COL.
INT. BEAM B INT. BEAM B (Refer to Table 3.5 for minimum slab thickness vs. span.)

PARTIAL PLAN - POST-TENSIONED DECK GARAGE

Reinforcing Requirements:
NOTE: THIS PARTIAL PLAN ILLUSTRATES THE TYPICAL COMPONENTS
TO BE DESIGNED FOR A POST-TEMSIONED DECK The design of a post-tensioned slab is complex and is
beyond the scope of this design guide. However there are
many software packages available that will simplify the
design process. Also refer to Table 3.5 for typical reinforc-
Geometry ing sizes and details. For this example the following rein-
forcing should be used:
Ramp Width = 55 ft
Post-Tensioning Tendon Spacing:
Beam Spacing:
From Table 3-5 using the clear span of slab = 18 ft and slab
• 15 ft c/c for end bays. Note that this garage has end bay
thickness of 5 in.
parking requiring a 45 ft total end bay.
Spacing of structural tendons = 24 in.
• 18 ft c/c for typical beam spacing.
Since the width of the slab is 55 ft the required number of
Design Loading tendons is:

Dead Loads: 55ft × 12

No. = + 1 = 28.5ft
24
5 in. post-tensioned slab 63 psf
structural steel 10 psf Use 29 tendons.

73 psf Temperature Tendons:

Note: The slab thickness selection will be shown in the slab From Table 3-5 the maximum temp. spacing = 33 in.
design. Therefore the minimum required number of tendons is:

Live Loads: 18ft × 12

No. = = 6.5 Use 7 temp. tendons.
Gravity 50 psf 33

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DESIGN GUIDE 18 / STEEL-FRAMED OPEN-DECK PARKING STRUCTURES / 87
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Mild Reinforcing Steel 55'-0" 55'-0"

Once again referring to Table 3-5 (2) #4 CONT. AT ALL

PERIMETER ANCHOR
BURSTING BARS

55'-0" 55'-0"

(3) SPA. @ 15'-0"

BAR A (BOT.) BAR A (BOT.)
EQ. EQ. EQ. EQ.
30 EQ. SPA. @ 22" 30 EQ. SPA. @ 22"
STRUCTURAL
FOR 31 TENDONS FOR 31 TENDONS TENDONS BAR B (TOP) BAR B (TOP)

BAR C (BOT.) BAR C (BOT.)

(3) SPA. @ 15'-0"

BAR D (TOP) BAR D (TOP)
FOR 6 TENDONS

5" P.T. SLAB

(7) EQ. SPACES

STRUCTURAL
BAR C (BOT.) BAR C (BOT.)

18'-0"
SPAN OF SLAB
BAR D (TOP) BAR D (TOP)

BAR C (BOT.) BAR C (BOT.)

18'-0"
BAR D (TOP) BAR D (TOP)

BAR C (BOT.) BAR C (BOT.)

EQ.

TEMPERATURE PLUS
SHRINKAGE TENDONS

PARTIAL PLAN - MILD REINFORCING STEEL

EQ.

LAYOUT FOR POST-TENSIONING SLAB DECK

PARTIAL PLAN SHOWING POST-TENSIONING TENDONS
LAYOUT FOR POST-TENSIONING SLAB DECK THIS PARTIAL PLAN ILLUSTRATES THE TYPICAL MILD
REINFORCING STEEL LAYOUT.
THIS PARTIAL PLAN ILLUSTRATES A TYPICAL TENSIONING LAYOUT
SLAB IS DESCRIBED AS 2-WAY POST-TENSIONED (BOTH STRUCTURAL BAR SIZE LENGTH SPAN
SPAN DIRECTIONS AND TEMPERATURE PLUS SHRINKAGE DIRECTION) A #4 13'-4" 16"
B #5 9'-6" 16"
DENOTES STRESSING END OR LIVE LOAD
C #4 9'-6" 16"
DENOTES DEAD END D #4 9'-6" 16"

Span length, L = 55 ft
The four typical bars required are:
Beam spacing, s = 15 ft
Bar "A" #4 × 13 ft-4 in. @16 in. Slab thickness, to = 5 in.
Bar "B" #5 × 9 ft-6 in. @16 in. Concrete, f c′ = 5 ksi
Bar "C" #4 × 9 ft-6 in. @16 in. n=7
Bar "D" #4 × 9 ft-6 in. @16 in. Steel, Fy = 50 ksi
Studs, 3/4 in. dia. × 3 in.
Refer to Figure 3-10, which illustrates placement and loca-
tion of reinforcing bars.
Loading—Service
Please also note: Always include two #4 bars continuous at
Dead Loads:
all anchorages.
5 in. post-tensioned slab 5/12 (150) = 63 psf
self-weight of beam—assume 94 lb/ft
Uniform Dead Load:
w = 15(0.063) + 0.094 = 1.04 k/ft
Live Load:
code: 50 psf
uniform live load = 18(0.05 ksf) = 0.9 k/ft

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 ΣQn 814
BEAM DESIGN a = = = 1.45 in.
0.85 f c′ b 0.85(4)(165)
Beam design is presented for both the LRFD and ASD
Y2 = 5 − 1.45/2 = 4.28 in.
design procedures.
Compute number of studs required
LRFD DESIGN PROCEDURE
Qn = 26.1 kips (Table 5.1)
INTERIOR BEAM A
Number of studs (2) ΣQn /Qn = 2(814)/26.1 = 62.6
Design Loads
Use 63, 3/4 in. dia. shear stud connectors.
Load Cases (only relevant cases listed)
1.4D = 1.4(1.04 k/ft) = 1.46 k/ft Construction Phase Check
1.2D + 1.6(L) = 1.2(1.04) + 1.6(0.9) = 2.7 k/ft
A construction phase live load will be assumed. From the
Live only 1.6L = 1.44 k/ft
LRFD Specification (Section A4.1) the relevant combina-
Bending Moments (Unshored) tions are:
Mu = 2.7(55)2/8 = 1020 k/ft (factored)
1.4(D) = 1.46 k/ft
MDL = 1.04(55)2/8 = 394 k/ft (service)
1.2(D) + 1.6(L) = 1.2(1.04) + 1.6(18×0.02) = 1.82 k/ft
MLL = 0.9(55)2/8 = 340 k/ft (service)
Mu = 1020 k-ft
Check Section and Determine Properties From composite beam tables for a W24×76 with Fy = 50 ksi
and assuming adequate lateral support is provided by form-
ing system (very important to confirm plus no torsional
loading)
b
φMn = φMp = 1180 k-ft > 1020 k-ft

Y2
Service Load Condition
ENA
Assume that the fresh concrete load moment is equal to the
service dead load moment, with Ixx of 2100 in.4
d
YENA 394(55) 2
∆ DL = = 3.5 in. Too High
161(2100)

Switch to W27×84

394(55) 2
∆ DL = = 2.59 in.
161(2850)
Assume a = 2 in. Y2 = 5 in. − (2 in./2) = 4 in.
From composite beam tables for Fy = 50 ksi and Y2 = 4 in.
Specify a camber of 21/2 in.
Possible selections
From composite beam tables use Y2 = 4 (from above)
W27×84 or W24×76
Y1 = 3.44 in.
Try W24×76 Qn = 456 kips
φMn = 1270 k-ft
From composite beam tables
Number of studs = 2(456)/26.1 = 35 studs
Y1 = 0.34 φMn = 1270 k-ft > 1097 k-ft
Qn = 814 kips
For W27×84 with Y2 = 4 and Y1 = 3.44 the lower bound
φMn = 1180 k-ft
moment of inertia can be found in the lower bound moment
Comparing Y2 for ΣQn = 814 kips of inertia tables: Ilb = 4860 in.4
b ≤ 2 × L/8 = 2 × 55 ft/8 = 13.75
≤ spa. = 18 ft 348(55) 2 L L
∆ LL = = 1.34 = < ok
b = 3.75 × 12 = 165 in. 161(4860) 490 240

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Check Shear Final Selection
Vu = 2.7(55/2) = 7.5 kips
Use W27×178 Fy = 50 ksi camber = 11/2 in.
φV = φ(Fyw)(Aw) = 0.6(50)(26.71×0.46)
= 368 kips > 80 kips ok
BUMPER RAIL
Final Selection
Geometry
Use W27×84 Fy = 50 ksi with 36, 3/4 in. dia. shear stud con- Span ≈ 18ft
nectors.
Design Load
(18 shear stud connectors on each side of midspan)
P = 10,000 lb
END BAY GIRDER
Note: Codes do not define the bumper load as service or
Design Parameters ultimate. Also, the barrier member can fail in bending yet
still restrain an automobile.
Note: In order to minimize cracking, adjacent ramps should
not be connected. Thus, this girder should be non-composite.
Calculate Bending Moments
Girder Span = 45ft (Ref. to Figure A1-1A). P( L) 10(18)
M = = = 45 k-ft
Concentrated Loads at 1/3 points 4 4
Calculate Min Sy
W P P 45(12)
Min S y = = 17.8 in. 3
0.66(46)
Use HSS 10×6×5/16
Sy = 17.8 in.3

(3) spa. @ 15'-0" TYPICAL INTERIOR COLUMN

Design Parameters
Calculate Factored Load (Concentrated + Uniform Load) Fy = 50 ksi
PD = 15(0.063)55(1.2) 62.4 kips Floor-to-floor height = 12 ft
PL = 15(0.05)55(1.6) = 66 kips
Column is braced in X and Y − axis ∴ Ky = Kx = 1.0
PD+L 128.4 kips
Note: Most codes permit a 20 percent live load reduction,
Unif ≈ (0.2 k/ft)(1.2) = 0.24 k/ft
for members supporting more than two floors, however
Calculate Bending Moments + Shears (Factored & Service) example is one story. Estimated total steel weight approxi-
Mu = 0.24(45)2/8 + 128.4(15) = 1986 k-ft (factored) mately 9 psf.
Equiv. Unif. Ld. = 2.67(128.4) + 0.24(45) = 354 kips
(Table Pg. 4-189) Column Grid—Typical
Vu = 0.24(45/2) + 128.4 = 133.8 kips
55 ft × 18 ft
MD = 15(15×55×0.063) + 0.2(45)2/8 = 830 k-ft (service)
ML = 15(15×55×0.05) = 619 k-ft (service) Calculate Design Loads
Enter factored load table for Fy = 50 ksi with a Pu = 18 ft × 55 ft (1.2 (0.072)+1.6(0.04)) = 149 kips
φWc /L ≥ 354 kips
Select Trial Section
For W27×178 φWc /L = 370K > 354 kips ok
Try W12×40 (12 in. × 8 in. for connection)
Check service load deflection
830(45) 2 φPn = 356 kips > 149 kips
∆ DL = = 1.5 in.
161(6990) Use W12×40

619(45) 2 L L
∆ LL = = 1.11 = < ok
161(6990) 484 240

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ASD DESIGN PROCEDURE @ Actr = 100 in.2 < 118 in.2
Bending Moments (Unshored)
From Property Tables
Construction Loads Ss = 213 in.3
A = 24.8 in.2
MD = 1.04(55)2/8 = 393 k-ft
I = 2850 in.4
Loads applied after concrete is hardened tf = 0.64 in.
d = 26.71 in.
ML = 0.9(55)2/8 = 340 k-ft
tw = 0.46 in.
Maximum Moment
Calculate Section Properties
Mmax = MD + ML = 393+340 = 733 k-ft
From table, at Y2 = 2.5 and Actr ≈ 30 (partial comp)
Maximum Shear
Str = 285 in.3
V = (1.04+0.9)55/2 = 53.4 k
Itr = 6269 in.4
Effective Width of Slab  6269 
yeff =   = 22
b =1/4 (L) = 1/4(55 × 12) = 165 in.  285 
b = s = 15 × 12 = 180 in. yt = (26.71 + 5) − 22 = 9.71 in.

Required Section Modulus (Fy = 50 ksi): Check Concrete Stress (Unshored)

For MD+L
 I   6269 
St =  tr  =   = 645 in.
3
Str = 733(12)/33 = 267 in.3 y  9.71 
 t
For MD (Make sure about top flange bracing.)
 340(12) 
Example assumes full top flange bracing. fc =   = 0.9 ksi < 0.45(5ksi) = 2.25 ksi ok
 645(7) 
Ss = 393(12)/33 = 143 in.3
Check Steel Stresses
Select Section and Determine Properties
Total Load
b
Str = 285 > 267 in.3 ok
Dead Load
yT 6"
y2 Ss = 213 in.3 > 143 in.3 ok

h
∴ fb is ok
N.A. (full)
D
yeff yo
 53.4 
N.A. (partial) fv =   = 4.34 ksi < 20 ksi ok
 26.71(0.46) 

Check Deflection

 M L2   340(55) 2  span
Y2 = 2.5 in. +DL =  D  =   1.23 = 1.06 = ok
 161I c   (161)2850  570
Actr = (b/n)to = (165/7)5 = 118 in.2
Enter Composite Beam Tables (9th ED) Camber 21/4 in.
Pg. 2-270 for Str = 267 in.3  393(55) 2  span
+LL =   = 1.18 < ok
Try W27×84
 161(6269)  240
Str ≈ 301 (interpolate for Y2 = 2.5 in.)

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Check B/Flange Stresses Calculate Required Section Moduli (Fy = 50)
 393(12)   340(12)  For MD+L make sure top flange is braced, if not reduce fb
fb =  + 
 213   285   1651(12) 
Ss R e q ' d =  = 600 in.3
= 365 ksi < 0.9(50) ok  33 

Shear Connectors (Partial Composite)

Select Section
max. dia. = 2.5(0.64)
Try W27×217
1.6 in. > 0.75 in. ok
Ss = 624 in.3
Use 3/4 in. dia.
Is = 8870 in.4
tw = 0.83 in.
Total Horizontal Shear
d = 28.43 in.
Concrete-Full
Check Stresses
A   5(165) 
Vh = 0.85( fc )  c  = 0.85(5)  = 1753 kips
 2  2  Bending
Ss = 624 in.3 > 600 in.3 ok
Steel
∴ fb ok
 As Fy   24.8(50) 
Vh =  =  = 620 kips (governs) Check Deflection
 2   2 
PD = 55(1.04) = 57.2
Max Str = 305 in.3 per Spec. para. I2
Seff Req'd = 267 in.3 ∆ max =
Pa
24 EI
(
3L2 − 4 a 2 )
2
 Seff − Ss  2
 267 − 213 
Vh′ = Vh   = 650   = 223.9 kips  57.2(15)(12)(3(45x12) 2 − 4(15x12) 2) 
S
 tr − S s   305 − 213  ∆D =  
 24(29000)(8870) 
 V '   223.9  = 1.23 in.
N = h= 1
 = 16.8 per 2 span
 q   13.3  Camber 11/4 in.

 106.7 − 57.2  span

Use 34, 3/4 in. dia. by 3 in. shear stud connectors. ∆L =   1.23 = 1.06 = ok
 57.2  570
Note: Typical end beam and interior beam "B" are similar.
Use W27×217
END BAY GIRDER
BUMPER RAIL
Design Parameters and Geometry
Same as LRFD design procedure.
Same as LRFD Design
TYPICAL INTERIOR COLUMN
Calculate Concentrated Loads and Uniform Loads
PD+L = 55 ft (1.04+0.9) = 106.7 kips Design Parameters
W (self wt.) Est. 200 lb/ft or 0.2 k/ft
Same as LRFD Section
Calculate Bending Moments and Shears
Calculate Typical Design Loads
0.2(45) 2 Dead
M D+L = 15(106.7) + = 1651 k-ft
8
Slab 63psf
V = 106.7+(45/2)(0.2) = 129.3 kips Steel 9psf
Total 72psf

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Live Check Stresses
Code 50 psf (Assume 1 floor garage) KLx = KLy = 12 ft
PD+L = 18 ft × 55 ft (0.072 ksf + 0.05 ksf) = 121 kips Allowable load on W12×40 = 237 kips > 121 kips
(Ref. AISC pg. 3-28)
Select Trial Section
fa < Fa ok
Try W12×40 (12 in. × 8 in. for connection)
Use W12×40

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Appendix A2
Example: Cast-In-Place
Concrete on Metal Deck
This exercise is an illustration of typical calculations in the Gravity 50 psf
design of a typical cast-in-place concrete on metal deck Wind Note "A"
steel framed parking structure. Seismic Note "A"
Note "A": Refer to local codes for wind + seismic loads.
45'-0"
PRECAST OR SIM.
NOTE A
(WITH END BAY PARKING)
ARCH. PANEL
Component Design
Slab
END BM. C

Unlike most cast-in-place slabs on metal deck a parking

EQUAL SPACING USUALLY 10'-0" MAX.

FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A

SHORT-SPAN CONSTRUCTION

garage slab cannot use the metal deck as slab reinforcing.

FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A

Slab Design
BM. A
END BM. C

FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A

FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A

Slab design for either 50 psf uniform load or 2,000 pound
concentrated load
END BM. C

FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A wD = 56 psf

BM. A
BM. A

INTERIOR BUMPER wL = 50 psf

END BAY GIRDER
INTERIOR BUMPER wuD+L = 1.4(0.056)+1.7(0.05) = 0.163 ksf
END BM. C

FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A (uniform load)

SHORT-SPAN CONSTRUCTION

FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A

TYPICAL
SLAB
wuD = 1.4(0.056) = 0.0784 kip/ft
PuL = 1.7(2) = 3.4 kips
BM. A
END BM. C

FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A

FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A Top Steel

END BM. C

FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A FILLER BM. A

1.5" min.
BM. A

BM. A

PARTIAL PLAN CAST-IN PLACE SLAB POURED

ON METAL DECK GARAGE

6"
THIS PARTIAL PLAN ILLUSTRATES TYPICAL COMPONENTS
FOR A CAST-IN-PLACE SLAB POURED ON METAL DECK GARAGE

d= 6 - 1.5 - .5 = 4"
Geometry
To begin with the geometry of this example is:
Uniform Load Case
Ramp width = 55 ft
– Mu = [0.163(10)2/12]12 = 16.3 k-in.
Beam Spacing = Filler Beams – 10 ft c/c
Concentrated Load Case
Girder Beams = 22 ft -6 in. or 25 ft
– Mu = [0.0784(10)2/12 + 3.4(10/8)/4*]12 = 20.6 k-in.
Design Loading governs
Dead Loads * Note effective width of slab for concentrated loads is 48 in.
6 in. slab (total thickness poured on Set a = 0.2 in.
3 in. × 20 ga. composite deck) 56 psf
Required As = 20.6/0.9 × 60 × (4-0.2/2) = 0.1 in.2/ft
Structural steel 10 psf
66 psf
Live Loads

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Bottom Steel LRFD DESIGN PROCEDURE
Load Cases

2 1/4"
1.4(D) = 1.4(1.43) = 2 k/ft
1.2(D) + 1.6(L) = 1.2(1.43) + 1.6(1.125) = 3.52 k/ft
1.6(L) = 1.6 (1.125) = 1.8 k/ft

3/4"

6"
Bending Moment

3"
Mu = 3.52(55)2/8 = 1331 k-ft (factored)
MDL = 1.43(55)2/8 = 540 k-ft (service)
MLL = 1.125(55)2/8 = 425 k-ft (service)
d = 21/4 in.
Check Section and Determine Properties
Uniform Load Case
Assume a = 1 in. Y2 = 6-2/2 = 5 in.
+M = (0.163(10)2/24)12 = 8.2k-in From composite beam tables for Fy = 50 ksi
+M = (0.0784(10)2/24)12+(3.4(10)/8 × 4)12 = 16.7 k-in and Y2 = 5 in.
Set a = 0.2 in.
Possible Selections
As = 16.7/0.9 × 60 × (2.25 × 0.2/2) = 0.143 in.2/ft
W27×84 or W30×90
Final Selection
Try W27×84
Draped Wire Fabric
From Composite Table
Use WWF 4 × 4/W3.0 × W3.0
Y1 = 0.32
As furnished = 0.14 in.2/ft
Qn = 921 kips
φMn = 1500 kips
Rebar
Use #4 @16 in. c/c Top & Bottom Compare Y2 for ΣQn = 921 kips
As = 0.2(12/16) = 0.15 in.2/ft
b ≤ 2(L/8) = 2(55/8) = 13.75 ft
≤ spa. = 22.5 ft
TYPICAL BEAM A
b = 13.75 × 12 = 165 in.
Span Length = 55 ft ΣQn 921
a= = = 1.31 in.
Spacing = 22 ft-6 in. 0.85 ( f c′)b 0.85(5)(165)
Y2 = 6-1.31/2 = 5.34 in.
Service Loading
Compute number of studs required.
Dead Loads (Service)
Qn = 26.1 kips/each (Table 5.1)
6 in. slab on 3 in. deck 56 psf
steel filler beams 3 psf Number of studs = (2)ΣQn/Qn = 2(921)/26.1 = 70.6
Total 59 psf
Use 71 shear stud connectors
Uniform Dead Loads
Construction Phase Check
w = 22.5(0.059)+0.1 (self wgt.) = 1.43 k/ft
A construction phase live load will be assumed from LRFD
Live Loads (Service) Specification (Section A4.1). The relevant combinations
are:
Code 50 psf
Uniform Live Loads 1.4(D) = 2 k/ft
w = 22.5(0.05) = 1.125 k/ft 1.2(D)+16(L) = 1.2(1.43)+1.6(0.02 × 22.5 ft) = 2.44 k/ft
Mu = 1331 k-ft
From composite beam tables for W27×84

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 With an Fy = 50 ksi
PD+L
φMn = φMp = 1500 k-ft > 1331 k-ft

Service Load Condition

Assume that the fresh concrete load moment is equal to the
service dead load moment with an Ixx = 2850 in.4
(2) spa. @ 22'-6"
2
540(55)
∆ DL = = 3.56 in. (high but continue)
161(2850)
Calculate Bending Moments + Shears
For a W27×84 with Y2 = 5.34 and Y1 = 0.320 Mu = 0.24(45)2/8 + 188.1(45/4) = 2176 k-ft
Equivalent uniform load = 2(188.1) = 376.2 kips
The lower bound moment of inertia can be found in the
(Tables pg. 4-139)
lower bound moment of inertia tables: ILB = 6410
Vu = 188.1/2 = 94 kips
425(55) L L ML = 61.9(45)/4 = 696 k/ft (service)
∆ LL = = 1.25 in.= < ok MD = 81.6(45)/4 = 9.8 k/ft (service)
161(6410) 528 240
Select Section
Check Shear
Enter factored load table for Fy = 50 ksi and a
Vu = 3.52(55/2) = 96.8 kips
φVn = 0.6(Fyw)Ay = 0.6(50)(26.71 × 0.46) = 368 kips φWc /L ≥ 376 kips
> 96.8 kips W27×194 φWc /L = 412(L = 46 ft) > 376 kips ok

Final Selection Check Service Load Deflections

Use W27×84 Fy = 50 ksi with 71, 3/4 in. dia. × 4½ shear stud 918(45) 2
connectors (35 each side of midspan + 31/2 in. camber) ∆ DL = = 1.47 in.
161(7820)
END BAY GIRDER
696(45) 2 L L
Design Parameters ∆ LL = = 1.11 < < ok
161(7820) 484 240
Note: In order to minimize cracking the adjacent ramps
Final Selection
should not be connected thus this girder should be non-
composite. W27×194 Fy = 50 ksi camber = 11/2 in.
Girder span = 45 ft (refer to Appendix A2-1A)
BUMPER RAIL
Concentrated load at midspan
For typical bumper rail calculations refer to Appendix A-1A.
Concentrated Loads
PD = 55(22.5) (0.066)(1.2) = 89.1 kips
TYPICAL INTERIOR COLUMN
PL = 55(22.5)(0.05)(1.6) = 99.0 kips
PD+L = 188.1 kips For typical column calculations refer to Appendix A-1A.

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ASD DESIGN PROCEDURE From Property Tables
TYPICAL BEAM A Ss = 245 in.3 A = 26.4 in.2 I = 3620 in.4
tf = 0.611 d = 26.4 tw = 0.47
Composite Beam
Bending Moments Calculate Section Properties
Construction Loads From Table with a = 4.5 in. and Actr ≈ 30 in.2
MD = 1.43(55)2/8 = 540 k-ft Itr = 8834 in.4
Loads applied after concrete is set. yeff = 8834 / 353 = 25 in. yt = 6 + 29.5 − 25 =10.5 in.
ML = 1.125(55)2/8 = 425 k-ft
Max. moment
Check Concrete Stresses
MD+L = 540 ft + 425 = 965 k-ft
I   8834 
Max. shear St =  tr =  = 841 in.
3

 yt   10.5 
VD+L = (55/2)(1.43+1.125) = 70.3 kips
fc = 965 (12 in./ft) / 841 × 7 = 1.97 < 0.45(5 ksi) ok
Effective Width of Slab
b = 1/4 (L) = 1/4(55 ft × 12 in./ft) = 165 in. governs Check Steel Stresses
= spa. = 15(12) = 180 in.
Total load Str = 353 in.3 > 350 in.3
Required Section Modulus (Fy = 50 ksi) Dead Load Ss = 245 in.3 > 196 in.3
For MD+L ∴ fb is ok
Str = 965(12)/33 = 350 in.3 fv = 47.7/(0.46 × 26.71) = 3.89 ksi
For MD
Check Deflection
Ss = 540(12)/33 = 196 in.3
∆DL = MDLL2/161(Is) = 540(55)2/161(3620)
b
= 2.85 in., camber 23/4
∆LL = MLL(L2)/161(Itr) = 425 (55)2/161(8834)
span span
= 0.9 in. < ok
to 730 240
yT y2
Check B/Flange Stress
N.A. (full) h fb = [540(12)/245]+[425(12)/353] = 40.9ksi
D
yeff yo < 0.9 (50 ksi)
N.A. (partial)
B/flg stress ok

t o = 5" Shear Connectors

y2 = 2.5" Max. dia. = 2.5(0.64) = 1.6 in. > 0.75 in. ok

Total Horizontal Shear

Y2 = 4.5 in. Concrete—Full Composite
Actr = (b/n) to = (165/7)3 = 70.7 in. 2
Vh = 0.85 × fc′ × Ac / 2 = 0.85 × 5 × 3 × 165 / 2
= 1051 kips
Enter Composite Beam Tables
Try W30×90 Steel
Str = 353 in. @ Actr = 30 in. < 70.7 in.
3 2 2
Vh = AsFy /2 = 26.4(50)/2 = 660 kips governs

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 Max. Str = 385 in.3 with y = 4.5 Check Stresses
Seff req'd = 350 in.3 Bending
Ss = 624 in.3 > 609 in.3 ok
 Seff − Ss   350 − 245 
2
Vh′ = Vn   = 66.0  385 − 245  = 371 kips ∴ fb is ok
 Str − Ss   
Check Deflection
N = Vh′ / q = 371/13 / 3 = 28 Per 1 2 span
PD = 55(22.5) 0.066 = 81.7 kips
∆D = PA3/48EI = 81.7(45)3 1728/48(29000)(8870)
Use 56, 3/4 in. dia. × 3 in. shear stud connectors = 1.04 in.
Note: Typical interior beam "B" and end beam "C" are Camber 1 in.
similar. PL = 55(22.5)(0.05) = 61.9
∆L = 61.9(45)3(1728)/48(29000)(8870) = 0.8 in.
END BAY GIRDER span span
0.8 in. = < ok
Design Parameters 675 240
Same as LRFD Example
Final Selection
Calculate Concentrated Load + Uniform Loads
Use W27×217 with 1 in. camber
PD+L = 55(22.5 ft)(0.066 ksf + 0.05 ksf) = 149 kips
w = 200 lb/ft Estimate or 0.2 k/ft BUMPER RAIL
For typical bumper rail calculations refer to Appendix A-1A.
Calculate Bending Moments + Shears
MD+L = 1490(45)/4 = 1676 k/ft TYPICAL INTERIOR COLUMN
V = 149/2 = 75 kips
For typical column calculations refer to Appendix A-1A.
Calculate Required Section Modulus (Fy = 50 ksi)
Ss Req'd = 1676(12)/33 = 609 in.3
Select Section
Try W27×217 Ss = 624 in.3 I = 8870 in.4
tw = 0.83 in. d = 28.43 in.

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Appendix A3
Example: Precast—Twin Tee Deck

DESIGN STEPS:
BEAM D

BEAM B BEAM C 1.) CHECK BEAM FOR DEADAND LIVE LOAD - USING O/C
OF THE STEMS AS UNBRACED LENGTH.

12'-0" TYP.
BEAM D

6'-0" TYP.
BEAM E
BEAM D BEAM D BEAM D

BEAM A BEAM C
36'-0"
BEAM C
BEAM E

2.) CHECK BEAM FOR DEAD LOAD AND

UNBRACED LENGTHS DURING ERECTION.

W = 2.7 KIPS/FT
BEAM D

BEAM B BEAM C

TURN-A-ROUND BAY 12'-0" 24'-0"

SEE NOTE "A" UNBRACED LENGTH

PARTIAL FLOOR PLAN - TWIN TEE DECK 1 - TEE ERECTED

Design Loading Information

Dead Loads W = 2.7 KIPS/FT

Precast Twin Tee Deck 80 psf

Structural Steel 10 psf
Total 90 psf
24'-0" 12'-0"
Live Loads UNBRACED
LENGTH
Deck Loads (Code) 50 psf 2 - TEES ERECTED

Design Example
The bumper rail and column designs are similar to those in
the previous examples and will not be repeated for this
Appendix.
For precast deck-beam design, check the construction
phase loadings of the beam as well as the final built condi-
tion. Figure A-3B illustrates these phases.
Since the beam design procedure is typical, only beam C
will be illustrated.

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BEAM C BEAM C
LRFD DESIGN PROCEDURE ASD DESIGN PROCEDURE
Design Loads
Design Loads
Uniform Loads
Uniform Loads
Dead: wD = 30(0.09) = 2.7 k/ft
Dead wu = 1.2(2.7) = 3.24 k-ft
Live: wL = 30(0.05) = 1.5 k/ft
Live wu = 1.6(1.5) = 2.4 k-ft
Total: wD+L = 4.2 k/ft
Total wu = 5.64 k-ft
Dead only
Load Unbraced
wu = 1.4(2.7) = 3.78 k-ft Moment
Case* Length
2
1** 4.2(36) /8 = 680 k-ft 6 ft
2*** 27(10.2) = 135 k-ft 24 ft+3 ft = 27 ft
Load Unbraced
Moment
Case* Length 3*** 13.2(16/2) = 34 k-ft 12 ft+3 ft = 15 ft
2
1 5.64(36) /8 = 914 k-ft 6 ft
Moments
2 1.4(135) = 189 k-ft 24 ft+3 ft = 27 ft
* See Figure A-3B
3 1.4(345) = 483 k-ft 12 ft+3 ft = 15 ft ** Load Case 1—Dead + Live Load
* See Figure A-3B *** Load Case 2 and Load Case 3—Dead Load Only

Design Moment Beam Selection and Moment Capacity Check

Beam Selection and Moment Capacity Check
Using Allowable Stress Design selection table for Load
Using beam tables for Load Case 1 Pg. 4-81 Case 1 - Pg. 2-10
Wu = 5.64(36) = 202 k-ft Try W30×99
Try W27×94 φWc /L = 232 kips > 203 kips Load Case 1:
Using unbraced charts for Load Case 2 and 3. Mx = 680 k-ft Mr = 740 k-ft Lc = 7.9 ft > 6 ft ok
Load Case 2: Load Case 2:
Mx = 189 k-ft Mr = 442 k-ft @Lu = 27 ft Mx = 135 k-ft Mr = 240 k-ft @Lu = 27 ft ok
Load Case 3: Load Case 3:
Mx = 483 k-ft Mr = 852 k-ft @Lu = 15 ft Mx = 345 k-ft Mr = 570 k-ft @Lu = 15 ft ok

437.2(36) 2 437.2(36) 2
∆ DL = = 1.08 in. ∆ DL = = 0.88 in.
161(3270) 161(3990)
243(36) 2 span span
∆ LL = = 0.6 in. = < ok 243(36) 2 span span
161(3270) 722 240 ∆ LL = 0.5 in. = <
161(3990) 720 240
Check Deflection
Final Selection Check Deflection
Final Selection
Use W27×94 Fy = 50 ksi With 1 in. camber
Use W30×99 Fy = 50 ksi With 3/4 in. camber.

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