Republic of the Philippines

Commission on Higher Education

Region V (Bicol)

OUR LADY OF SALVATION COLLEGE

Tiwi, Albay

BALLGAMES/
TEAM SPORTS
 Course Contents

Chapter I Physical Education

Lesson 1 Meaning of Physical Education

Lesson 2 General Objectives of Physical Education
Lesson 3 Introduction to Team Sports/Ball Games

Chapter II Badminton
Lesson 1 History
Lesson 2 Basic Skills
Lesson 3
Rules and Regulations
Lesson 4
Facilities and Equipment
Lesson 5 Terminologies

Chapter III Table Tennis

Lesson 1 History
Lesson 2 Basic Skills
Lesson 3
Rules and Regulations
Lesson 4
Facilities and Equipment
Lesson 5 Terminologies

Unit IV Volleyball
Lesson 1 History
Lesson 2 Basic Skills
Lesson 3
Rules and Regulations
Lesson 4
Facilities and Equipment
Lesson 5 Terminologies

Unit V Basketball
Lesson 1 History
Lesson 2 Basic Skills
Lesson 3
Rules and Regulations
 Lesson 4
Facilities and Equipment
Lesson 5 Terminologies

Learning Competencies:
At the end of this module, the students are expected to:

1. Define physical education.

2. Enumerate the general objectives of physical education.

3. Discussed the different types of team sports/ball games.

Chapter I
Physical Education

Introduction Modern Physical Education activities are based on the natural physical education of

the primitive times. Even the more recent activities, when analyzed, are found to be

developed from the natural activities. In the most educational systems, physical education

(PE), also called physical training (PT) or gym, though each with a very different

connotation, is a course in the curriculum which utilizes learning in the cognitive, affective

and psychomotor domains in a play or movement exploration setting. The term physical

education is most commonly used in this way; however, this denotes rather that “they have

participated in the subject area, not studied it.”

Physical education has existed since the earliest stages of humanity, in areas as

simple as the transmission of knowledge of basic survival skills, such as hunting.

However, the real history of physical education is in the changing methodologies used to
transmit physical skills and, to a lesser extent, the varying intentions of the educator.
 Unit I
Athletics

Introduction Athletics is the types of sports in which athletes compete in running, walking,
jumping and throwing events. Track events consist of running and walking races of
various distances.

Learning At the end of this module, the students are expected to:
Competencies
1. Identify and understand the basic rules and regulations.

2. Enumerate the different events in athletics.

3. Discussed the history and recognize the importance of the track and the field.
Unit I Lesson Proper
Athletics History

Running, jumping, and the throwing have been sporting activities since the beginning of

history. The skills were used both in hunting and in war. The Ancient Greeks, Persians,

and Romans used running as part of their military training. In addition, competitive human

instincts let to contests to determine who could run the fastest and jump or throw the

farthest.

The only event of the first recorded Olympic Games (Traditionally 776 B.C.) was foot race

of approximately 205 yards (185 meters). Soon long jumping and javelin throwing were

added. These events developed naturally from hunting and war. Others, like the hammer

throw, triple jump, and hurdle races, grew out of the ancient Games, fairs, and field days of

the Ireland, England, and Scotland, where men and women would vie to determine who

was the fastest, strongest, and most agile.

There are few records of sports in the Dark Ages, but in England, as early as the 12th

century, accounts can be found of a variety of sports being practiced by the general

population, including most of the events that gradually developed into the modern track

and field over centuries.

Foot racing both sprinting and distance running, were widely popular in England in the

latter half of the 18th century and the first of the 19th century. Many of the competitions

were match races among professionals. Betting was widespread. At the same time, school

and university activities began to develop from informal sports day to more organized

competition.

There are a number of reasons for this remarkable progress in athletics. They include

increased competition, especially in Europe, as well as improved training methods,

equipment, and techniques. Traditionally, athletics have been an amateur sport. However,

the rules have been broadened to allow athletes to receive large sums of money for

endorsing athletic shoes or other products and for appearing in invitation events. The

opportunity to earn money has increased the level of competition.

Improved training methods help today’s athletes perform well. Training with weights gives
athletes greater strength for throwing, jumping, and even running. New equipment has
raised performance levels of the athletes. In this high jump, for example, the use to
 Fosbury Flop adds about 15 centimeters to most jumps. The style was named after

American high-jumper Dick Fosbury, who introduced it in the late 1960’s.

Synthetic tracks, which have more spring, cut a runner’s time by as much as one second

per lap. The use of fiberglass vaulting poles instead of wooden ones helped increase the

performance levels of the athletes.

Current athletics champions reflect the international popularity of the sport. The biggest

names in men’s athletics in the 1980’s included hurdler Edwin Moses and sprinter Carl

Lewis of the United States, distance runners Said Aouita of Morocco and Sebastian Coe of

the Great Britain, pole vaulter Sergey Bubka of the Soviet Union, and Decathlon Athlete

Daley Thompson of the Great Britain.

In women’s event sprinter Marita Koch and sprinter and long jump Heike Drechsler of

East Germany, sprinter Florence Griffith Joyner and long jumper and heptathlon

competitor Jackie Joyner-Kersee of the United States were major figures in the 1980’s.

Likewise, Asia’s Fastest Woman almost a decade is the pride of the Philippines, having

Lydia de Vega, as one of the finest athletes after the sensational Mona Sulayman who had

laid laurels for the country in the Olympics.

The Track and the Field

The Track. Outdoor running tracks are oval in shape and usually are laid in a stadium.

IAAF rules specify that an outdoor running track should measure no less than 400 meters

around ---- and most modern outdoor tracks are exactly that length. Older tracks consist of

dirt or cinders, but most new tracks are made of waterproof synthetic material and can be

used in rainy weather.

Indoor Tracks have wooden or synthetic surface, and they usually have banked turns.

According to IAAF rules the preferred measurement for an indoor track is 20 meters.

Outdoor Tracks are divided into six or eight lanes. Runners must stay in their lanes for all

races up to 400 meters and until they pass the first curve of 800 meter races. IAAF rules

state that a lane should measure from 1.22 to 1.25 meters in width.
The Field. Most of the field events take place in an area enclosed by the track. But in some

meetings one or more throwing events are held outside the stadium to protect other athletes

and spectators who crowd the field area or to avoid damaging the artificial turf that covers

many athletic fields. The field includes runaways for the jumping events. It also has

circular areas of materials, such as concrete or asphalt for most of the throwing.

Track and Field

Track Events

Track events include a variety of races. Short races, called sprints, stress maximum speed,

while distance races require more endurance. In certain running races, such as hurdles and

steeplechase, runners must go over barriers. Other races, called relays, involve teams of

runners.
a) Running races on outdoor track cover distance from 100 meters to 10,000

meters. Indoors, races many measure from 50 meters to 5,000 meters.

Cross-country races and road races are run outside the stadium.

Crosscountry competitors run over terrain such as hills and fields. Most road

races award prize money to the winners. The most common distance for

road races is 10 kilometers.

b) Hurdle races are events in which the competitors run over obstacles called

hardles. Most of these races have 10 hurdles spaced equal intervals. There

are two types of hurdles races, intermediate and high. Intermediate hurdles

are 91 centimeters high for men and 76 centimeters high for women. Men’s

high hurdles are 107 centimeters high. Women’s high hurdles are 84

centimeters high. Intermediate-hurdle races cover 400 meters or 440 yards

in men’s and women’s competition, most outdoor high-hurdle races are 110

meters for men and 100 meters for women. Runners can knock over hurdles

without penalty, but contact with a hurdle normally slows down the runner.
 c)Walking races are the events in which athletes must follow certain of

walking. The front foot must touch the ground before the rear foot leaves

the ground. While the foot is touching the ground, the leg must be unbent

for at least one moment. Walkers are entitled to one warning for improper

from before they are disqualified. Walking races are also called race

walking, may take place in a track or a road. Most international men’s

walking distances cover distances of 20,000 meters or 50,000 meters.

Women’s world records are

recognized for two distances, 5,000 meters and 10,000 meters.

d) Relays are run by teams of four runners. The first runner carries a baton

about 30 cm. long. After running a certain distance, called a leg, the athlete

hands the baton to the next team member. This exchange must occur within

a zone 20 meters long. If the runners do not pass the baton within this zone,

their team is disqualified.

 Field Events

Field events take place in specially prepared areas, usually within the oval track. Typical

field competition consists of four jumping and four throwing events. The jumps are the

long jump, triple jump, high jump, and pole vault. The throwing events are the discus,

hammer, javelin, and shot put. Women do not compete in the pole vault or hammer throw.

The IAAF does not recognize the women’s triple jump.

1) Jumping events. In the long jump and triple jump, the athletes jump as far forward

as they can. In the high jump and pole vault, competitors leap over a bar as high as

possible.

a) Long Jump, once called broad jump, is completed in a single jump into a pit

filled with sand. To begin the long jump, the competitor sprints down a long

runaway and leaps from a take-off board. If the athlete steps past the board

before jumping, the jump is a foul. A jump’s length is measured from the

edge of the take-off board to the nearest mark an athlete makes in the sand.

When there are many competitors, each one is allowed three jumps, and a

certain number of leaders qualify for three more. When fewer athletes

compete, each one is allowed six jumps. If two jumpers leap the same

distance the winner is the one with the next-best jump.

b) Triple Jump, originally called the hop, step, and jump, consists of three

continuous jumps, the first two completed on the runaway. On the first

jump, the athlete takes off one foot and lands on the same foot. At the end

the third jump, the athlete lands on both feet in a pit of sand.

c) High Jump runs towards the bar from any angle within a large,

semicircular runaway. The athlete may use any style of jumping, but he or

she must take off from one foot. In most popular modern style, called

Fosbury flop, jumpers go over with their back to the bar and their head

clearing first.
 d) Pole Vault uses a long pole usually made of fiberglass. He begins his vault

by sprinting down a runaway, carrying the pole with both hands. As he

nears the vaulting pit, he run the far end of a wood or metal box embedded

in the ground. The pole bends while he hangs with his back to the ground

and his feet up. As the pole straightens, helping to trust him into the air, he

pulls himself higher and turns his body to face the ground. Before he

releases the pole, he gives a final push with his arm to add to his height.

2) Throwing events require athletes to propel an object as far as they can.

a) Discus is a saucer-shaped object usually made of wood with metal rim. The

men’s discus measures about 22 cm, in diameter and weights at least 2 kg.

The women’s discus is about 18 cm, in diameter and weight at least 1 kg.

The athlete grips the discus with one hand, spins around about 1 times (540

degrees), and releases it with a sidearm motion to make it sail through the

air.
b) Hammer consists of a steel wire with a metal ball attached to one end and a

handle fastened to the other end. The entire hammer weighs 7.26 kg. and

measures about 120 cm. long. Using both hands, the thrower grasps the

handle and spins around three or four times before releasing it.

c) Javelin is a spear made of metal or wood. The men’s javelin measures from
2.6 to 2.7 m long and weights at least 800 grams. Women throw a javelin
that is 2.2 to 2.3 m long and weights at least 600 grams. The thrower holds
the javelin by a cord grip near the center, runs with it, and then releases it
with an overhand throw while running.
d) Shot put is a metal ball. The men’s shot measures about 12 cm. in diameter

and weights at least 7.26 kilograms. The women’s shot measures about 10

cm in diameter and weights at least 4 kilograms. Competitors put (push) the

shot rather than throw it. The shot must be held against the neck to prevent

any throwing motion. The athlete begins with a strong shove from one leg

and finishes with a powerful push of the arm.

 Multi-Events

The Decathlon, Heptathlon, and Pentathlon

The Decathlon, Heptathlon, and Pentathlon are combined competitions, in

which an athlete competes in several different events over a period of one or

two days.

1. Decathlon is a 10-event competition for men. It takes place over two days.

First Day Second Day

100 meter run 110 m hurdles

Long jump Discus

Shot put Pole vault

High Jump Javelin

400 meter run 1,500 meter run

2. Heptathlon is a seven-event competition for women. It also takes place

over two days.

First Day Second Day

100 m Hurdles Long jump

High Jump Javelin

Shot put 800 m run

200 m run

3. Pentathlon, is one-day competition of five events, is rarely held today. The

heptathlon replaced the pentathlon for women in 1981. The men’s

pentathlon events are the long jump, javelin throw, 200 m run, discus throw

and the 1,500 m run.

Basic Rules and Regulations

FALSE START

It is a false start if a competitor fails after a reasonable time to comply

with the common “set” start before the pistol is fired.

A pistol shot after a false start recalls the competitors.

The competitor responsible must be warned.

Competitors are disqualified after causing two false starts, or three

false starts in the decathlon and heptathlon.
OBSTRUCTION

A competitor who jostles, runs across or otherwise obstructs another

competitor is liable to disqualification.

After a disqualification the referee may order the race to be re-run or

in the case of a heat, permit any affected competitor to complete in

the next round.

RELAY EVENTS

4x 100m relay races are run entirely in lanes.

In races up to 4x200m, members of a team other than the first runner

may commence running not more than 10cm outside the take-over

zone.

In the 4x200m races the first 2 stages as well as that part of the third

leg up to the exit from the first bend will be run entirely in lanes.

In the 4x400m races the first lap as well as the part of the second lap

up to the exit from the first bend will be run entirely in lanes.

All competitors may break from their lanes immediately after they

have passed the exit from the first bend.

The position of the teams at the start shall be retained at each

takeover zone. After lanes have ceased to be used, runners can move

to an inner position on the track as incoming team members arrive,

provided this can be done without fouling.

In the event where the first part of the race is run in lanes, the

competitors, after completing this part, are free to take up any

position on the track.

After handling over the baton, competitors should remain in their

lanes until the course is clear to avoid obstruction to other

competitors.
STEEPLE CHASE

The Olympic steeplechase is a men event run over 3,000m.

It comprises 28 hurdle jumps and seven water jumps.

Competitors may jump, vault or stand on the hurdles.

The hurdles numbered (3) and (4) are positioned after the competitors have passed

by on the first lap.

A steeplechaser will be disqualified if he steps to either side of the jump, fails to go

over or through water, and/or his foot or led below the horizontal plane of the top

hurdles.

HURDLE EVENTS

A competitor is disqualified. If he trails a foot or leg below the plane of the top of

the bar of the hurdle at the instance of clearance.

If the competitor jumps any hurdles not in his own lane.

If he deliberately knocks down any hurdle with his hands or foot.

FIELD EVENTS

Competitors compete in the order drawn by lot.

Unless competing in a simultaneous tract event, a competitor missing his turn in a

field event is not permitted to take trial.

A competitor who unreasonably delays a trial is liable to have that trial disallowed

and recorded as a fault.

After a second delay in a competition, he shall be debarred from further trials.

LONG JUMP

A jump is counted a failure. If the competitor takes off from two

feet.

If he touches the ground or landing area beyond the plane of the uprights without

first clearing the bar (whether or not he makes a jump), or knocks the bar off the

supports

POLE VAULT

A competitor fails. If he touches the ground, including the landing area beyond the
vertical plane through the upper part of the stop-
 board with any part of his body or with the pole, without first

clearing the bar.

If he knocks the bar off the supports.

If he, after leaving the ground, places his lower hands moves the
upper one or moves the upper hand higher on the pole. It is not
counted a failure is a competitor’s pole breaks.

Activity Activity 1: Find out

Identify the following aspects in Athletics. a.
History
b. Court Dimension and Venue
c. Equipment and Gears
d. Rules of the Game (summary of the most basic rules and the international body
governing in Athletics) Activity 2:
You will make a video per events in Athletics at home. Choose only one (1) per events.
Rubrics: Impact and correct form of executing (50%)
Speed and Power in Execution (50%)
100%
a. track events
b. field events
c. throwing events
 Unit II
Badminton

Introduction Badminton is a tennis-like game played with light strong rackets that are used to

strike a shuttlecock (a feather cork missile) back and forth, before it hits the ground across

a high net within a rectangular court.

The game has an extremely varied repertory of strokes. This fact derives from the
lightness of the rackets, so that the wrist can be used much more than in most other
tennistype games; and even more from the peculiarities in the flight of the shuttlecock, or
bird, that, because of its feather and the light cork base, decelerates quickly after being
struck. Badminton is not a good outdoor game because breezes affect the shuttlecock. All
organized tournaments are played indoors.

Learning At the end of this module, the students are expected to:
Competencies
1. Identify the common strokes in Badminton.

2. Enumerate the different facilities and equipment in Badminton.

3. Discussed the history and basic rules and regulations and also the footwork.
 Unit II Lesson Proper

Badminton History

Most authorities feel that the game developed from the ancient pastime known as

battledore and shuttlecock. The game was learned in India as ‘poona’. It was brought to

England about 1870 by British army officers stationed in India. The duke of Beaufort

introduced the game at his country place, Badminton, in Gloucestershire. Not having a

name at that time, the game was referred to as “that Badminton game.” This reference

was never changed and badminton became the accepted title.

The oldest badminton club in the world is the Badminton Club of the City of New York,

which was founded in 1878, however, the game did not become widely popular in the

United Sates until the middle 1930’s. The US Badminton Association was formed in 1936.

The International Badminton Federation, the world governing body for the sport, was

founded in 1934. The premier international men’s team is the “Thomas Cup,” which was

established in 1948 and its counterpart in the women’s competition is the “uber cup” which

was founded in 1956. Both competitions are held biennially and the Chinese dominated

ever since they began in 1981. In the mind 90’s, Indonesian and some Europeans stole the

supremacy from the Chinese.

In 1977, the World Badminton Federation (WBF) was founded. It sponsored the first

World Championship in the same year in Malmo Sweden. This was the start of several

international competitions all over the world. The “Suderman Cup” in 1989 was

established in memory of the former IBF Vice President Dick Suderman. He was also

considered the “Father of Indonesian

Badminton” Facilities and Equipment  Court

For Singles - 44 feet long and 17 feet wide

For Doubles – 44 feet long and 20 feet wide

The ceiling height should be 30 feet for the official game, and 24 feet for

instructional game.

Floor surface is traditionally wood, but many synthetic and plastic courts

have been developed.

 Badminton Court
(For singles and Doubles)

 Net

The net should be made of a dark-colored mosh, 2 ½ feet deep, with a 1 ½

inch white tape extending across the top. The top of the net should be 5 feet

above the floor at a point equidistant from the sidelines; and 5 feet and 1

inch in height at point above the doubles sidelines.

 Racket

It is light can be made of wood, aluminum metal or synthetic material such as

graphic or carbon. It can be up to 68 centimeters long and it is usually
weights about 100 grams. Most strings are made of synthetic such as nylon
but world-class players use lamb. Gut is more expensive than synthetic and
has disadvantages of a short lifespan when strung tightly or not protected
from moisture. String diameter ranges from 19-22 gauge. Most competitive
players prefer 21 to 22 gauge strung string at 14 to 15 pounds of tension that
provides power and control. For school and recreational use, with 20-gauge
string at a tension of 12 to 13 pounds is adequate.
 Shuttlecocks

It is made from 14-16 goose feathers that are placed in a leather-covered

cork head, made of either plastic or nylon. Synthetic shuttles are suitable

for recreational games but feathered or official shuttlecock weighs from

4.74 to

5.50 grams.
 4 Common Strokes in Badminton

 Clear

Clear is also called lob. The shuttle soars in a high arc and falls into the court behind

the opponent.

 Drop

The shuttle falls gently and just clears the net.

 Drive

It is a hard stroke hit on a straight line.

 Smash

It is a hard stroke hit sharply downward.

All strokes can be forehand or backhand strokes. Much deception is possible in placing

shots and in controlling the shuttle, which often will stop short in its flight and plunge

down to the court.

The term stroke and shot are sometime used interchangeably, but authority in the games

uses the word stroke to refer to striking patterns.

 Shot – is used to differentiate flight patterns according to trajectory or elevation and

depth. A forehand underhand stroke may be used to hit a variety of shots served.

 Forehand stroke – refers to any shot struck on the racket side of the body.

 Backhand stroke – these are hosts struck on the side away from the racket/left side

of right-handed, right side for left handed.

Basic Rules and Regulations

The official rules of the game follow the International Badminton Federation (IBF).

 Tossing for Serve

 Scoring

 Setting the score

 Change of ends

 Service Rotation for Singles and Doubles

 Faults

 Lets
 Footwork

Ready position the stance you assume while waiting for the opponent.

Moving into hitting position the steps you take in getting into position to stroke

the shuttle.

Footwork during the hitting action the relationship of the feet during the hitting

action.

Footwork during the recovery returning to base before your opponent hits again.

Activity Activity 1:

Perform the common strokes in Badminton.

 Clear Rubrics: Execution of hand 25%

 Drop Execution of foot 25%

 Drive Over- all execution 50%

 Smash 100%

Activity 2: Buddy System (Badminton- Singles)

Player 1 _________________________ Player 2 ____________________________

Schedule of Games Score Results

P1 P2 Winner Loser

__________________ _____ _____ _____ _____

__________________ _____ _____ _____ _____

__________________ _____ _____ _____ _____

Noted by:

________________________

PE Instructor

Prelim Exam
 Unit III
Table Tennis

Introduction Table tennis is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and

forth to each other with rackets (also sometimes spelled as racquets and sometimes called

bats or paddles). The game takes place on a table divided by a net. Players must allow a

ball played towards them only one bounce on their side of the table and must return it so

that it bounces on the opponent’s side. If the ball doesn’t land on the opponent’s side then

it’s a dead ball unless the other opponent’s hits the ball with their bat. Play is fast and

demands quick reactions. A skilled player can impart spin to the ball, which makes it

bounce and its reactions on the opponent’s bat is difficult to predict or return with

confidence.

Table tennis is very popular, especially in East Asia and is among the most popular

sports in the world in terms of players numbers, are well as one of the newest of the major

sports.

• Ping Pang Qiu is the official name of the sport in Mainland China, Hong Kong,

Taiwan and Macau.

• Takkyu is the official name of the sport in Japan.

• Tak-gu is the name of the sport in Korea.

The game is controlled by the International Table Federation (ITF), founded in

1926.

Learning At the end of this module, the students are expected to:
Competencies
1. Define table tennis and discussed the history.

2. Enumerate the different facilities and equipment in Table tennis.

3. Identify the different styles of play in Table tennis.

 Unit III Lesson Proper

Table Tennis
The name “Ping Pong” then came to be used for the game played by the rather expensive
Jacques equipment, with other manufacturers calling theirs table tennis. A similar situation
came to exist in the United States where Jacques sold the rights to the “ping pong” name to
Parker Brothers.

 1880’s – the game had become fashionable among the upper classes
in England.
 1887 – according to the ITTF website, the first use of the name
“Table Tennis” appeared on a board and dice game made by J.H.
Singer of New York.
 1890 – the earliest existing evidence of a table tennis game is a set
made by David Foster, patented in England, which included table
versions of Lawn Tennis, Cricket and Football.
 1891 – John Jacques of London introduced their “Gossima” game,
which used drum-type paddles, a 50mm web wrapped cork ball, and
a 30cm high net.
 1890’s – Parker Brothers began making an indoor tennis kit which
included a portable net, a small ball covered in netting, and paddles.
 1901 – John Jacques registered “Ping Pong” as a trade name in
England. The American rights to the name are sold to Parker
Brothers.
 1920’s – in the early 1920’s the game began to revive in England and
Europe.
 1922 – the “The Table Tennis Association” is reconstituted, with the
name “English Table Tennis Association” being adopted in 1927. 
1926 – the International Table Tennis Federation is formed.
 1940-1946 – No world Championship were held duet to World War
II.
 1959-1960 – the ITTF standardized the thickness of ordinary
pimpled rubber and sponge rubber.
 1960’s – the loop drive was invented and became popular around the
world.
 1971 – China returned to International Competition at the 1971
World Championships.
 Facilities and Equipment 
The Table

 The Ball

 The Racket

Styles of Play and Strokes 

The Grip
Competitive table tennis players grip their bats in a variety of ways. The manner in which
competitive players grip their bats can be classified into two major families of styles. One
is described as penhold, and the other shakehand. The Laws of Table Tennis do not
prescribe the manner in which one must grip the bat, and numerous variations on gripping
styles exist.
 Forehand grip
Backhand grip
Penhold grip
Shakehand grip
 The Strokes
Push shot or half-valley
Forehand Topspin shot
Backhand drive
Forehand drive
Backhand chop

Activity Activity 1:

Identify the following aspects in Table Tennis.

a. Identify the following aspects in Athletics.

a. History
b. Court Dimension and Venue
c. Equipment and Gears
d. Style of Play and Strokes
e. Rules of the Game (summary of the most basic rules and the international body
governing in Athletics)

Activity 2: Buddy System (Table tennis- Singles)

Player 1 _________________________ Player 2 ____________________________
Schedule of Games Score Results
P1 P2 Winner Loser

__________________ _____ _____ _____ _____

__________________ _____ _____ _____ _____

__________________ _____ _____ _____ _____

Noted by:

________________________

PE Instructor
 Unit IV
Arnis

Introduction Arnis is a Filipino martial art that can be performed individually or with a partner using a

single stick or a pair of sticks for striking and blocking; can also be used for self-defense.

It was founded by Remy Presas and he used it as a self-defense system.

Arnis also known as kali or eskrima, refers to a category of Filipino martial arts that

emphasized the use of weapons – whether it be fighting sticks, blades or improvised

weapons. In arnis, the weapons are used as an extension of the body. Thus, some body

movement techniques are basic to the sport.

Learning At the end of this module, the students are expected to:
Competencies
1. Identify the fundamental skills of arnis.

2. Appreciate the benefits and qualities of a good arnis player.

3. Perform the basic strikes of Arnis.

Unit IV Lesson Proper

Arnis Modern Arnis History

Historically, Arnis incorporated three related methods: “espada y daga” (sword and

dagger), which employ a long blade and short dagger; “solo baston” (single stick); and

“sinawali” (to weave), which uses two sticks of equal length twirled in “weaving” fashion

for blocking and striking (term is derived from sawali the bamboo matting woven in the

Philippines). The popularity of arnis was clearly observed through dialects in different

regions; panandata (Tagalog); kalirongan (Pangasinense); dadja or kabaraon (Ilocanos);

pagkali-kali (Ibanag); sinawali (Pampangeno), and kaliradman or pagaramdam (Visayan).

Eskrima, kali, estoque, talikada, are other names of arnis.

At age six, Grandmaster Remy Amador Presas (Filipino arnis master and founder of

modern arnis) was already learning the fundamentals of kali, the forerunner of modern

arnis, arnis de mano. In cebu, Presas studied arnis under Rodolfo Moncal, Timoteo,

arranga and Marranga’s instructor, Grandmaster Venancio Bacon, all experts in Arnis and

the “Balintawak” style of stick fencing, in addition to Arnis, Presas became proficient in

Judo, Jujutsu, and karate. When Presas first traveled his country, he took what he

considered to be the most effective principles of each island style and combined them with

his own knowledge of other martial arts.

Modern arnis, as Presas terms his system, incorporates empty-hand moves based upon the

same motions used in solo baston and sinawali. Unlike kali, his systems also use low kicks

and takedowns for a more-well rounded approach. Presas also insists on modernizing a

particular training aspect traditional in arnis: that of hitting your opponent’s hand or arm

instead of his stick----a painful practice that was tolerated the stick was just as good a

practice method and would obviously discourage far fewer students of arnis, preventing

many painful injuries.

Presas doest not merely combine techniques, he encourages the individual student to adapt

arnis principles to his own feel for each technique. The method should suit the person and

not the other way around. This is known simply as using the “flow”. The flow is Presas’

universal term for defining the comfortable place where the movements of arnis and the
individual human body meet for maximum effectiveness; body and weapon blend to
achieve the most natural fighting style based on an individual’s needs and attitudes.
“Arnis makes many martial artist discover new things about their own style,” Presas says.

“They recognize the beauty of arnis because it blends naturally the best movements from

many arts. Most of my students continue to study their own styles-----they just use arnis to

supplement their understanding.” Presas left the Philippines in 1975 on a goodwill tour

sponsored by the Philippine government to spread arnis to other countries. He arrived in

the United States, conducting seminars to group diverse as law enforcement agencies and

senior citizens.

Arnis is a growing art, expanding in his country rapidly. Arnis tends to transcend stylistics

distinctions and discovery seems to be a primary benefit from the study of modern arnis,

especially under the methods of Grandmaster Remy Presas.

Fundamental Skills in Arnis

The stick in the principal weapon in learning arnis. It is made of rattan stick approximately

28-30 inches long and a diameter of around 1 inch.

Grip

The different ways of holding a stick

 2 inches from the line

 No extension downward
 6 inches from the base or butt

 Middle grip

 4-6 inches from the tip or “susi” or “daga” or knife

Twelve Striking Points

The 12 vital striking points of the body

 Right Ear
 Left Ear
 Right Knee
 Left Knee
 Thrust
 Right Elbow
 Left Elbow
 Thrust
 Right collar bone or right clavicle
 Crown or Head
 Qualities of a Good Arnis Player

Techniques

A good player must have the fundamental skills and knowledge of arnis basics like
strikes, counter attacks, sparring, disarming, and other hand movements. It also
pertains to the footwork, blocking and kicking.

Alertness and Awareness

A player must possess keenness of the mind and reflexes. He must also be
sensitive to his environment or situation. Hence, he must be physically and
mentally alert to perceive and sense the coming danger. This is to prevent attack or
assault, armed or unarmed that would out him in a very disadvantageous situation.
This would prevent anyone from danger or serious injuries.

Coordination and Concentration

The body and the mind should work together. The correct body movement is
perceived in the mind. A player must be trained not to shift his focus from any
extraneous variables that might affect the performance, particularly the
concentration.


Speed

A player must exhibit a quick reaction and total body movement. Lightning speed
as they call it is one quality of the experts.


Power

Power is necessary to knock down or outclass the opponent.


Timing

A player should learn the exact hitting of the target or meeting the target at the
exact time without being delayed. Anticipation of the movement is necessary.


Proper Delivery of Strikes

A player should learn the effective blow, kick, and contact of the stick towards the
opponents. It is also determining factor for the judges to give the scores depending
on the delivery on the vital points that you strike.

 Endurance and Stamina

It is the ability of a player to withstand pressure for a long period of time without
undue fatigue or with reserved energy for the next activity.
  Determination

In every game the will to win and dedication to fight at your best no matter what

the odds are is the key to success. It is the 100% trust in yourself and the people

around you, particularly your coach, mentor and people that inspire you to work

hard. Fear and doubt are always beaten by your hunger to win and this will lead to

confidence within self.

 Confidence

A player should know how to properly carry himself inside and outside the arena.

But avoid overconfidence for it might lead to distraction or downfall.

 Yelling

This is an expression of power and courage. It is also the releasing of tension, anger
and fear. It is also adds power, strength, courage to fight your enemies, and to
demoralize the opponent.

Activity Activity 1:

Correct Grip
Firmness 30%
Agility and Flexibility 40%
Speed and Power 30%
100%
Stance and Posture
Gracefulness of execution 40%
Impact and correct form of 30%
Executing
Speed and Power 30%
100%
Footwork
Agility and Flexibility 30%
Quickness and Ability 30%
To recover
Balance and Styles 40%
100%

Midterm Exam
 Unit V
Sepak Takraw

Introduction Takraw in Thailand, Sipa in the Philippines, Sepakraga in Malaysia, Singapore

and Brunei, Ching Loong in Mynamar, Rago in Indonesia and Kator in Laos. It is also

recorded that in one of his many trips, the merchant Marco Polo brought back to Europe a

game China which was kicking an implement into the air and counting the number of

kicks, a style resembling today’s sepak takraw game.

Sepak takraw is a skill ball game, which requires the use of the feet and head to keep the

ball in the air in a targeted direction. Traditionally, villagers stand in a circle and display

keen understanding and teamwork to help one another keep the ball in the air for as long as

possible. It provides villagers of all ages with fun, recreation and a sense of shared

community. This is the traditional circle game, evolved from many forms of kicking game.

Today, the circle game is still popular throughout South-East Asia and has taken a hold as

a form of recreational “sport for all”.

Learning At the end of this module, the students are expected to:
Competencies
1. Define what is Sepak takraw and discussed the history.

2. Enumerate the different facilities and equipment in Sepak takraw.

3. Identify the five kinds of kick in Sepak takraw.

 Unit V Lesson Proper

Sepak Takraw Sepak Takraw is almost definitely based on the Chinese game of cufu (a name which also

means “kick ball”). The sport would have been brought in through early trade and had

already become popular in Malaysia and Thailand by the early 1400s. Back then it was

called Takraw in Thai or Sepak Raga (literally “kick rattan ball”, because the ball is made

of rattan) in Malay and played mainly by men and boys standing in a circle, kicking the

ball back and forth between them.

In a new variation introduced by the International Sepak Takraw Federation in 1996,

players stand in a circle and receive different level of points for each passing kick. The

circle event was included as a medal event in the 13th Asian Games in Bangkok in 1998.

Sepak Takraw using the net came about in the 19th century. In 1960, representatives of

various South-East Asia nations established a set of rules and regulations for the game and

called it sepak takraw. In 1965, the game was included in the South-East Asian peninsula

Games and since then, has made great strides with its debut as a medal event in the 10th

Asian Games in Beijing, China in 1990.

Facilities and Equipment 

The Court

 Substitution

 Faults

The serving side during service

 Serving and Receiving Side During Service

Creating distracting manner or noise or shouting at his opponent.

 For Both Side During The Game

 Scoring System
  Penalties

Yellow Cards
Red Cards
 The Players
 Attire
 The start of Play and Service
 The Posts

The Net




The Sepak Takraw Ball

 Five Kinds of Kick
I. Instep Kick

A kick using inside foot, used for spiking and serving.

II. Knee Kick

The easiest type of kick using the knee generally used when the ball is coming directly to
the player.
III. Toe Kick

The kick is a defensive kick normally used when the ball is coming low and away from the
body, but it offers less control than the other kicks.
IV. Outside Kick

A kick using the outside foot, particularly when the ball is coming outside the shoulder.
 V. Header

Controlling the ball using the forehead near the hairline.

Activity Activity 1:
In 30 seconds, the learners will execute “inside kick” (left and right foot) by throwing the
ball by themselves. Target height of the ball is above the head and emphasis will be in
controlling the ball.
Right Foot No. of Hits
Trial 1 _________
Trial 2 _________
Trial 3 _________
Total No. of hits _________
Left Foot No. of Hits
Trial 1 _________
Trial 2 _________
Trial 3 _________
Total No. of hits _________
Combination No. of Hits
(Left/Right Foot)
Trial 1 _________
Trial 2 _________
Trial 3 _________
Total No. of hits _________

Noted by:
________________________
PE Instructors
 Unit VI
Swimming

Introduction Swimming is a very rewarding activity to learn. It is not only a sport but a life skill that

can propel our advancement in life. Through swimming, one can acquire important

qualities and vital knowledge, such as goal setting, time management, work ethic, and

selfconfidence. Besides being a viable fitness activity, swimming offers full-body exercise

and

excellent physical conditioning.

Learning At the end of this module, the students are expected to:
Competencies
1. Recognize the importance of swimming in everyday life.

2. Identify the different types of swimming.

3. Comply with the safety precautions and value of swimming.

 Unit VI Lesson Proper

Swimming Drawings from the Stone Age were found in “the cave of swimmers” near Sura, dating

back to 2000 B.C. In 1538 Nicolas Wynman, German professor of languages, wrote the

first swimming book. Competitive swimming in Europe started around 1800, mostly using

breakstroke. The fornt crawl, the called the trudgen (now known predominantly as

freestyle) was introduced in 1873 by John Arthur Trudgen, copying it from Native

Americans.

Swimming was part of the first modern 1896 Summer Olympics games in Athens. In 1900

backstroke was included as an Olympic Event. In 1908, the world swimming association

Federation International de Natation was formed. Butterfly was first a variant of

Breakstroke, until it was accepted as a separate style in 1952.

Values of Swimming

 Competitive values – man is naturally competitive. He likes to/compete against

others.

 Therapeutic values – people who have physical and mental disabilities like

paralytic, victims of cerebral palsy, the crippled and the injured may find help in

swimming as an outlet and physical exercises they need for their improvement and

recovery.

 Recreational values – swimming has become a popular form of recreation not only

to members of families but all kinds of people of all walks of life. Learning to swim

prepares the individual to other aquatic activities such as scuba diving, surfing,

canoeing, motor boating, water skiing, sailing, fishing and other water games.

 Physiological values – swimming benefits much the cardiovascular system since it

develops endurance aside from strength of body muscles. It also contributes to the

development and proper maintenance of the vital organs of the human body.

 Safety values – sea tragedies caused by storms and typhoons loses many lives. The

ability to swim is a prime importance to safety against possible mishap or tragedy.

 Types of Swimming Strokes 

Butterfly

 Breast Stroke

 Freestyle

 Backstroke

Activity Activity:

Perform the types of swimming strokes. (Make your own video presentation)
 Direction: 1. Master the proper footwork and arms

2. Check on proper coordination and timing.

3. Work on endurance and distance.

Using Rubrics: (100%)

Arm movement - 25%

Footwork movement - 25%

Breathing - 20%

Over-all execution - 30%

100%

Final Examination

Prepared by:

ELISEO JEFFREY B. BONEO III

Instructor