Torresaviñan

Jurassic Fauna
De Barba, J.

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De Barba, J
1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
2 Summary..............................................................................................................................3
3 Keywords..............................................................................................................................3
4 Introduction.........................................................................................................................4
5 Methods...............................................................................................................................6
6 Results and Discussion.........................................................................................................6
6.1 Phylum Mollusca..........................................................................................................8
6.2 Phylum Cephalopoda....................................................................................................9
6.2.1 -Belemnoidea.....................................................................................................10
6.2.2 -Ammonoidea.....................................................................................................10
6.2.3 - Rhyncholithes...................................................................................................11
6.2.4 - Nautiloidea.......................................................................................................11
6.3 Phylum Bivalvia...........................................................................................................12
6.4 Phylum Gastropoda....................................................................................................13
6.5 Phylum Echinodermata..............................................................................................14
6.6 Phylum Crinoidea.......................................................................................................15
6.7 Phylum Echinoidea.....................................................................................................15
6.8 Phylum Brachiopoda...................................................................................................16
6.9 Phylum Terebratulida.................................................................................................16
6.10 Phylum Rhynchonellida..............................................................................................16
6.11 Phylum Annelida.........................................................................................................17
6.12 Phylum Polychaeta.....................................................................................................17
7 Conclusion:.........................................................................................................................18
8 Acknowledgment................................................................................................................18
9 Bibliography.......................................................................................................................19
10 Annex 1...........................................................................................................................20
11 Annex 2..........................................................................................................................23

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De Barba, J
Jaime de Barba Rodriguez

IES Fortuny. Calle de Fortuny, 24, 28010 Madrid

2 ABSTRACT
This document has the intention of explaining the work that the students of 4 ESO A, B and C
of the IES Fortuny made in Torresaviñan the 14th November 2018 searching for fossils. In the
document is collected the process, the results and the conclusion of the work. The document
divide the fossils in four principal groups (Phylum Cnidaria, Phylum Mollusca, Phylum
Echinodermata y Phylum Brachipoda), those groups will have an analysis, a description of the
fossils that were found and the time period to where the fossils belong.

3 KEYWORDS
Fossils, Palaeontology, Jurassic, Torresaviñán, Marine Fauna

1 2

1
Location of Guadalajara in Spain.
2
Location of Torresaviñan in Guadalajara.

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4 INTRODUCTION
The job was done in Torresaviñán, in the province of Guadalajara, Castilla La Mancha, Spain. All
the fossils that were found belong to the Early Jurassic. The Jurassic started 201.3 ± 0.2 million
years ago and finished 145.0 million years ago.

At the beginning of this period there where two different continents, the first one was formed
by Europe, North America and Asia: Laurasia (north) and the second one formed by South
America, Africa, India, Australia and the Antarctica: Gondwana (south). Laurasia was divided
into Eurasia and north America, while, Gondwana started break.

The tropical belts were very wide due to that climate in the Jurassic was warm and
damp. The flora in the surface was mainly formed by cicas (similar to palms),
coniferous, ginkgoes and fern. Enormous dinosaurs lived in the two continents. The
crocodiles and the frogs appear while the turtles and the lizards were previously
established. There were some mammals with the aspect of a rat. The first bird appears
at the end of this period (Archaeopteryx). In the air lived some insects like the cycad
and the beetles.

New oceans were formed: some parts of what nowadays is Europe, North America
were flooded, but they weren’t very deep. 4

Many different types of life inhabited the oceans. The biggest predators were the
plesiosaurs with very long neck, the marine enormous crocodiles and the sharks. There
were also ichthyosaurs fish shapes like, Cephalopods and ammonites with spiral-
shaped shells. The sponges, the coral reefs and the molluscs grew without any

3
Gondwana(south) and Laurasia (north) in the Jurassic
4
Jurassic surface recreation

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difficulty in those warm waters. Parts of the oceans were red due to the plankton that
floated in the water surface.

All the fossils founded belong to the Pliensbachian, the third era of the Early Jurassic or Lias
(first epoch of the Jurassic Period). It goes from 189.6 my ago to 183 million years ago. It ended
with a big extinction called “The Extinction of Toarcian”.

Jurásico Toarciense 182,7±0,7 million of years ago

Inferior/Temprano
Pliensbachiense 190,8±1,0 million of years ago

Sinemuriense 199,3±0,3 million of years ago

Hettangiense 201,3±0,2 million of years ago

5

Lots of investigations are carried on in Torresaviñan due to the new fossils you can find that
rolled down the hill and are surrounded by sediments in basins. These fossils are marine fossils
because that zone was a shore of the Sea and was covered by sandy beaches.
Eerererereerererererere

5 METHODS
The method we used was the “visu” one, consisting in searching fossils without any type of
tool, just your sight. We crouched to find as many fossils as possible. They were very small. This
method made us easier to recollect fossils so we just have to put them into a plastic bag.

5
Table with the ages of the early Jurassic

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Moreover, to rake the huge number of fossils we take we need more than seventy students
and four teacher and four hours to take them.

Once in the high school we dedicate some hours to classify them, we were divided in groups of
two and we have to stay on Monday at seventh hour. To classify them we use some fossils that
were previously classified by other students of previous years .

6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Cnidarians are simple animals that usually live in aquatic ecosystem (usually marine ones). The
phylium includes more than 10.000 species. The name (Cnidaria) refer to some cells on the
tentacles of the animals that form the phylumcalled cnidocytes, those tentacles are use to
defend and to attack. They probably came from the fauna of the ediacara (about 600 my ago)

The Cnidarians, which are very simple, presents nervous cells and sense organs which are
organised in two layers and they act as tissues. However, lots of their cells continue being
independent. They had a radial symmetry and their body organisation is a sack-like shape.
Their digestive system has gastro vascular cavity where digestion is performed (also used as
distribution system and as excretory system) and a hole to get in and to expel the aliments and
the waste. They have some tentacles surrounding the mouth as they are carnivores, so we can
deduce that they were predators.

They live in a colonial or individual way, they can be fixed to the surface or they can be free, if
they are free they can be swimmers or planktons (they are nit fixed but simply dragged along
by currents). Its Cnidarians are an early branch of animals. Four classes of cnidaria have been
identified in the fossil records of the Cambrian. This indicates that the diversification of
cnidarians occurred approximately 500 million years ago

Nowadays there are four types of classes of cnidarios and another one that was extinct 6. Those
species are: Scyphozoa (jellyfish), Hydrozoa (polyps with jellyfish phase and coral phase),
Anthozoa (anemones and corals),Cubozoa (cubomedusae) and Conulata ✝.

Most of the fossils that were founded were Anthozoa:

The Anthozoa is the class that has more species (nearly 6000). All those species are marine and
inhabited between the intertidal7to more than 5000 meters deep. They have a gastric cavity
which is divided in septum8. The name anthozoa refers to “flowers animals”. The anthozoa is

6
Images of species of the aforementioned classes. The order corresponds with their apparition in the
previous paragraph.
7
Intertidal: the area between tide marks
8
Septum: is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones.
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always in polyps form since they never reach the jellyfish form due to the anthozoa are the
group of Cnidarians more primitive and when they appeared the jellyfish didn’t exist. The
anthozoa is worldwide, but they are very abundant in the tropical zones.

Thanks to what we know about the ecosystem we can deduce that they inhabited shallow
waters and the intertidal.

The species:

Species 1 (11 specimen9) -- Species 2 (37 specimen) -- Species 3 (9 specimen)

Species 4 (8 specimen) ---------------- Species 5 (1 specimen) ----------------- Species 6 (8 specimen)

(No photo)

Some of those species were colonial, which means that was common that the polyps divide
task. Anthozoa could reproduce in a sexually and an asexually way.

6.1 PHYLUM MOLLUSCA

The molluscs form a phylum of 50000 species 10. The size of the molluscs can change from some
millimetres to 20 meters. They also change what they eat from one species to another, some
species crawl looking for algae and other species are very good hunters. They can live in
terrestrial ecosystems or freshwater ecosystems. However, most of them are marine ones.

9
The number is the sum of what we had at the collection plus what we found this
year.
10
Some speculations says that the real number round the 200000 species.

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The molluscs had a very developed head where the mouth and some other developed organs
are. The mouth is located in the front part of the body in a ventral position. Inside the mouth
there is a cartilaginous organ covered with teeth. The ventral surface is known as the
foot of the
mollusc due to its sole
shape and has a
locomotive function.

Molluscs are some of the oldest animal phyla known. Late Precambrian rocks found in
Australia and northern Russia contains remains of symmetrical shells that resemble modern
molluscs. The first fossils found that are undoubtedly molluscs are of the class Helcionelloida
(extinct) and belong to the Ediacarian period (last period of the Precambrian). Most classes,
including gastropods, bivalves, monoplacophores (extinct) and rostroconchia (extinct)
appeared at the beginning of the Cambrian. The cephalopods appeared in the middle and the
polyplacophores in the end. In the middle of the Ordovician the scaphopods appeared.

11

Nowadays, there are eight classes of molluscs: the Monoplacophora, the Polyplacophora, the
Gastropoda, the Bivalvia, the Cephalopoda, the Scaphopoda, the Caudofoveata and the
Solenogastres12.

11
Fossil and recreation of a Helcionelloida.
12
Some authors consider that the two last classes belong to the class Aplacophora.

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 13

Unfortunately, we only found fossils of Cephalopoda, Bivalvia and Gastropoda.

6.2 PHYLUM CEPHALOPODA

The Cephalopoda class (894 specimens) is made up of 600 current species and
7500 fossils species. It appears in the Cambrian. The size of a cephalopod round
the 40cm. However, the biggest invertebrates belong to this group, like the
giant squids.

Nowadays the cephalopods lack an external shell except the Nautilus (lot of
people considered a living fossils). The squid and the cuttlefish had an internal
shell called “feather” while the octopus doesn’t have it. The external shell is
divided in different chambers. The cephalopod inhabits the last chamber which
is the one in contact with the environment. The siphunculus goes through the
walls and produces a gas that helps the animal to float.

The shell of the primitive cephalopods had evolved until they acquired the other
four shapes that are found in the cephalopods. The “feather” of the
cephalopods that live in at great depth was spiralized, the one of the cuttlefish
became flat and somewhat thick, in the squids it’s flat and transparent. Finally,
the octopus had lost their shell.

The shell is very important because is solid and it fossils much more easily than
the rest of the body. Therefore the fossils founded were all shells.
The species that we found can be classified in three different groups:

6.2.1 -Belemnoidea

13
Examples of the different classes ordered as in the previous paragraph.

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14 Examples of the different classes ordered as in the previous paragraph.
This group is the subclass coleoidea. The animals of this group are known as belemnites and
they are an extinct group of animals very similar to the current cuttlefish and squid. It is
considered that these animals appeared in the Early Carboniferous and evolved from some
nautiloids. The majority of belemnite fossils belong to the Mesozoic, especially the Jurassic and
Cretaceous. After the Cretaceous the belemnites disappeared.

The belemnites were carnivores and hunted small fish and other marine animals. And in turn
they were hunted by marine reptiles.14

The fossils found are of the species Nannobelus acutus ✝. We have found 379 fossils (75 of
them this year) 15

6.2.2 -Ammonoidea
The amonoideos were marine animals with an external shell, made of argonita. In general, the
shell was wrapped in a flat spiral, although unrolled forms can also be found, the ammonoids
with this type of shell are called heteromorphs. Thanks
to the level of curl can distinguish different amonoideos.

The ammonoids appeared in the Devonian and disappeared in the Upper Cretaceous. During
the years new species appeared more and more developed. Fossils can be found from its
internal mold, its external mold or impressions A total of three different species have been
found. These are:

Hildoceras sp✝ 372 (115 in 2019)

16

6.2.3 - Rhyncholithes
The name of these animals comes from ancient Greek and means
peak of stone. The fossil is part of the radula of a cephalopod. It’s

14
Example of a well conserved belemnite.
15
Example of fossils that the students have collected.
16
It is an example of the fossils collected in Torresaviñán.

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 very difficult to find one, fortunately, this year we found one.
17

6.2.4 - Nautiloidea
They are the oldest group of cephalopods. Appeared in the Cambrian and still
exists today the species Nautilus pompilius.

The first nautiloids appeared in the early Cambrian and had a conche similar to
that of the belemnites (straight) but outside. The nautiloids had an orthoconic
shell until the Paleozoic when they began to appear nautiloids with rolled shells.
The nautiloids with rolled shells began to develop and diversify while the
nautiloids with orthoconic shells disappeared little by little. In the Mesozoic Era
the nautiloids with orthoconic shells had completely disappeared. The extinction
of the Cretaceous scarcely affected the Nautiloids.
18

17
The fossil we found this year in Torresaviñan.
18
Reconstruction of a Nautiloidea.

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The nautiloids developed a method of jet propulsion that is still used by the
current cephalopods. This method consists of the absorption of water from the
outside of the shell. This would be expelled by pressing hard. The water came
out through an adjustable tube thanks to which they could choose the direction.
In the current fossils a small tube can be observed and, therefore, to deduce
that it was moved by jet propulsion.

6.3 PHYLUM BIVALVIA

It is a group whose animals are characterized by having a body flattened laterally and covered
by two shells that meet on the back (hence the name bivalvia). The foot of these molluscs is
flattened in the shape of an axe. The animals use it to dig in sand and mud. The head is
underdeveloped but the paleal cavity is the largest of all molluscs. In this cavity are the gills
that serve to obtain oxygen and filter microorganisms.

The two shells are usually similar if not equal (oval and convex) and are joined by a ligament
formed by an elastic protein. The hinge (articulation zone of the valve) has anchorages to
prevent one valve from sliding on the other. Thanks to the shells we can find fossils of these
animals.

It is considered that when the bivalves appeared because they fed themselves by excavating
on the surface and filtering the water. Their mouth was in contact with the ground. Little by
little they began digging deep and burying themselves. For that reason the mouth retreated to
the end of the valves, its radula disappeared and its body lengthened.

The bivalves appeared in the Cambrian and in the current era (Holocene) there are still many
species.

We don’t have the number of the bivalves we had found this year but in the collection we had
864 fossils.

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 19

6.4 PHYLUM GASTROPODA

Gastropods are animals present in all ecosystems. It is estimated that there are
75,000 living species and 15,000 fossil species and it is the largest group of
molluscs. Its name comes from the Greek gaster, stomach and pruning, foot.
These animals have three parts: the head, the foot (which is attached to the
head) and the visceral mass (attached to the upper part of the foot). With the
exception of slugs and sea angels, the visceral mass is covered by a calcareous
shell normally coiled in a spiral.

Most gastropods are marine and inhabit tropical coasts especially. However,
there are also freshwater gastropods. They are also the only molluscs that have
terrestrial species.

Their diet varies according to the species. Most are herbivores, but there are
also carnivore gastropods.

They appeared at the end of the Cambrian. In the Mesozoic the main groups of
today appeared.
This year we have found 86 fossils and one of them is a new species.

19
Examples of bivalves in Torresaviñan.
20
All the species we have in the lab. sp 1, sp2, sp3, sp4 and sp5 respectively

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 6.5 PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA
This phylum includes a total of 6000 living species and 14,000 fossil species.
They are the marine invertebrate animals best known to normal people. The
name Echinodermata means skin with thorns.

This group of animals is characterized by having pentaradial symmetry that has

evolved from a bilateral symmetry. Thanks to this we can relate these animals to
other radiating phyla like Cnidarians and Ctenophores.

The internal skeleton is very important. All echinoderms have an internal

skeleton covered in skin. This skeleton is composed of calcareous plates that can
be articulated or fused together. Normally the plates have thorns or tubers thus
giving a prickly or rough appearance.

The echinoderms have developed an ambulacral system thanks to which they

can move. This system could have served for the collection and transportation
of food in the beginning. The mechanism is very simple and resembles a
hydraulic system. The mechanism is formed by channels scattered throughout
the body that are connected to sea water. Thanks to this oxygen reaches the
tissues. Inflating the ambulatory feet with fluid the animal can hunt and move.
Echinoderms are carnivores and herbivores.
In the Cambrian the echinoderms were already formed. There are ten kinds of
echinoderms and half are extinct. The five current classes are: Crinoidea,
Ophiuroidea, Asteroidea, Holothuroidea and Echinoid.

21

21
In the order they were mentioned

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 6.6 PHYLUM CRINOIDEA
This class includes 550 species. The sea lilies, which were the most representative during the
Paleozoic, are now only represented by 80 species.

Crinoids can be pedunculated (sessile) or free-living. These last ones are difficult to identify
since at first sight they can seem algae.

The body of a crinoid is formed by the basal fixation peduncle and the crown. The peduncle,
which is not always present, is articulated thanks to collagen ligaments. At the base of the
peduncle there are small tentacles (cirrus) that serve to adhere to surfaces. The crown has five
arms with pentaradial symmetry. At the base of the crown is the chalice where the mouth is.

Crinoids appeared in the Ordovician. Many crinoid species became extinct at the end of the
Pleozoic.
22

6.7 PHYLUM
ECHINOIDEA
This kind of echinoderm is the only one that does not have arms. The echinoids have the shape
of a flattened sphere at the top and bottom. Its name means similar to urchins.

The plates of these animals have flattened and fused forming a compact shell. The plates have
many holes to reduce body weight. They also have barb-shaped tubers that give them an
appearance that, in effect, is similar to that of hedgehogs.
As a result they are known as sea urchins. Its structure is secondary pentaradial or bilateral.

There are 19 fossils.

23

22
Crinoidea isocrinos scalaris and crinoidea indet. We have found 153 fossils in total.
23
Echinoidea Rhadbocidarius, Echinoidea sp2, Echinoidea Glyptodiadema, Echinoidea sp4, Echinoidea
sp5.

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 6.8 PHYLUM BRACHIOPODA
Brachiopods are very similar to bivalves since both have a soft body protected by two shells.
However, the shells of the brachiopods are not symmetrical and, instead of being placed on
the sides of the body, they are placed up and down. The body is in the back and in the previous
one there are tentacles that surround the mouth. They inhabit cold waters (seas near the poles
or deep waters). There are approximately 300 species.

They appeared in the Cambrian and were very abundant during the Paleozoic. Many became
extinct after that era.

6.9 PHYLUM TEREBRATULIDA

Today the terebrátulidos are the most abundant brachiopods. They appeared in the
Devonian. They were known as lamp shells since their shape resembles that of an oil
lamp. There are 670 fossils. Their shells can be either smooth or have radial ribbing.
The shell is punctate in microstructure. There is a circular pedicle opening, or foramen,
located in the beak.

6.10 PHYLUM RHYNCHONELLIDA

This class appeared in the Ordovíncico and lasts until today. The most representative feature of
this class is the zigzag commissure of the valves.

There are very abundant and we have found lots of them, in total 5843 fossils there are two
species

24

24
Terebratulida Aulacothyrus resupinata, Terebratulida Homoeorhynchia meridionalis, Terebratulida
Lobothyris punctata, Terebratulida Obovothyris, Terebratulida Plesiothyris verneuili, Terebratulida
Quadratirhynchia fodinalis and Terebratulida Telothyris Jauberti.

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 6.11 PHYLUM ANNELIDA
The annelids contain approximately 15,000 species commonly known as ringed worms.
Your body is made up of many segments similar to each other. Within each segment
you usually find the same organs. They are found in humid, marine, freshwater and
even terrestrial ecosystems.

Being soft animals, the fossil record is scarce. The first fossils found date from the
Precambrian. The best preserved fossils come from the Cambrian.

There are a total of seven kinds of annelida: Pogonophora, Echiura, Archiannelida,

Hirudinea, Oligochaeta, Polychaeta and Myzostomaria.

6.12 PHYLUM POLYCHAETA

It is the most common class within the annelids. They live in the sea and can live in the
depths of the sea or they can float close to the surface. They are carnivores and usually
get their prey in the sand.

They are considered the most primitive annelids (most similar to the original annelids)
appeared in the Cambrian. At first they did not have a jaw, but later they developed it
and fossilized more easily.

25
Species of an Annelida Polychaela serpulidae.

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 7 CONCLUSION:
As a conclusion to this work, we will see the ecosystem that probably existed in Torresaviñán
during the Pliensbachian. For them, we will rely on the number of found specimens of the
different species, the characteristics of the same and the documentation we have on the
different components and characteristics of a marine ecosystem. All this without forgetting
that the data about the number of specimen are indicative, since they are subject to numerous
errors. One of them is the scientific bias towards certain species, which greatly alters the
results.

Let's start by establishing the possible tropic chain of this ecosystem. For this we will consider
three main groups of animals: the herbivores, which feed on plants or non-animal algae; the
predators, the ones that feed on herbivores and the super predators, those that include other
predators in their diet in a habitual way apart from possible herbivores.

In the group of herbivores we would meet with the brachiopods, since their morphological
characteristics do not allow them to be predators. In addition, Homeorhynchia meridionalis are
the most numerous group, surpassing widely the rest of species; this means that in addition to
serving as food for predators, also, it enforces one of the fundamental laws of nature: the
number of prey has to be higher to the number of predators for the continuous development,
evolution and survival of the species. The bivalves would also be found in this group, since they
are filtrators of phytoplankton. Among the predators, we could find the corals, since the
cnidaria group is carnivore. To feed, they wait for their potential prey to touch or physically
touch their tentacles, then the poisonous cells react and paralyze the prey, then digest it by
the cells of the innermost layer. However, they need the prey to get close to it, which means
that they are not hunters. Taking into account various factors such as morphology,
characteristics and size, we conclude that the cephalopods were the super predators, because
their large size and agility made them far superior to the rest of the species. As for the other
species, it is difficult to determine their role because we lack much more than necessary
information about their diet. In addition, there are animals that did not become fossilized but
that did belong to that trophic chain. Most of the animals that inhabited Torresaviñan or the
surroundings did it by the bed of the marine bottom, because they fed on the plants that grew
in the bottom or because they were sessile animals, that is to say, that they grew anchored to
the substrate.

8 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Id like to thank the Biology Department of IES Fortuny for organizing this project, its been fun
finding out about all the phylums and why the fossils where found in the middle of Spain. Id
also like to thank all the authors that wrote the wonderful sites that have been really useful to
finish this project. Id also like to thank my teacher Antonio Arillo for resolving any doubts I had.

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 9 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Españ a, E., noticias, M., 2021. Un cerro de Guadalajara esconde la pieza clave del puzzle del Jurásico.
[online] www.efe.com. <http://www.efe.com/efe/espana/sociedad/un-cerro-de-guadalajara-
esconde-lapieza-clave-del-puzzle-jurasico/10004-2906280>

Duiops.net. 2021. Periodo Jurasico. [online] <http://www.duiops.net/dinos/jurasico.html>

A. G. COLLINS. (2000). Phylogeny of Medusozoa and the evolution of cnidarian life cycles.
Museum of Palaeontology, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California,
Berkeley, CA, USA; 421-425. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1420-
9101.2002.00403.x

G. Fautin, D. and L. Romano, S., 2021. Cnidaria. [online] Tolweb.org. Available at:

<http://tolweb.org/Cnidaria>

Ulrich Technau , Robert E. Steele (2011). Evolutionary crossroads in developmental

biology: Cnidaria, http://dev.biologists.org/content/138/8/1447 .

C. H. Holland. (2003). Some observations on bactritid cephalopods. Trinity College,

Department of Geology, Dublin 2, Ireland;Bulletin of Geosciences, Vol. 78, No. 4, 369–372.
http://www.geology.cz/bulletin/fulltext/369_holland.pdf

Ana Bertha Villaseñ or. (2007). LOS AMMONOIDEOS (Historia-Evolució n-Desarrollo-

Morfologia).http://www.geologia.unam.mx/igl/deptos/paleo/villasenor/ammonoideos/

Carlos Galan Boluda 2017, http://www.taxateca.com/filoannelida.html

Jose Antonio Díaz 2011, http://www.granadanatural.com/blog.php

Anonymous, 2013. http://fosiles-pablo.blogspot.com.es/2013/08/los-

ammonites.html

David Murillo, 2013.

http://demineralesyfosiles.blogspot.com/2013/04/fosiles-en-renales-
guadalajara.html

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10 ANNEX 1
Porifera Colección Actual
Demospongiae
sp1 1 3

Calcospongea
sp1 1 0
sp2 0 1
sp3 0 1

Cnidaria
Anthozoa
sp1 10 1
sp2 31 6
sp3 6 3
sp4 7 1
sp5 1 0
sp6 7 1

Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Belemnoidea
Nannobelus acutus 304 75
Ammonoidea
Hildoceras sp 372 115
Ceratites sp 1 1
Ammonites sp2 13 10
Rhyncholithes 1 1
Nautiloidea
Cenoceras intermedium 1 0

Bivalvia
Ctenostreon gregarium 286
Ctenostreon sp2 12
Inoperna 2
Thracia 4
Coelopis 42
Palaeonucula 3
Pseudolimea duplicata 50
Pleuromya 94

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De Barba, J
 Plagiostoma giganteum 27
Plagiostoma striatum 24
Entolium 10
Modiolus 3
Ostreida 111
Arcomytilus asper 7
Grammatodon 9
Cardium 6
Veneroida 28
Ceratomya 50
Parvamussium pumilum 3
Gervillella 17
Trigonia 42
Chlamys 10
Pholadomya 15
Eopecten 1
Homomya 1
Plicatula spinosa 7

Gastropoda
Pleurotomaria 41 23
Naticopsina 83 44
sp3 70 16
sp4 2 1
sp5 1 1
sp6 0 1

Echinodermat
a
Echinoidea
Rhadbocidaris 6 1
Echinoidea 3 4 0
Glyptodiadema? 2 1
Echinoidea 4 4 0
Echinoidea 5 1 0

Crinoidea
Isocrinus scalaris 97 47
Crinoidea sp1 7 0
Crinoidea sp2 2 0

Brachiopoda
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De Barba, J
Terebratulida
Aulacothyris resupinata 84 37
Telothyris jauberti 151 23
Plesiothyris verneuili 176 132
Lobothyris punctata 34 26
Cuersithyris sp 0 1
Obovothyris sp 1 5

Rhynchonellida
Quadratirhynchia fodinalis 423 76
Homeorhynchia
meridionalis 4321 1023

Annelida
Polychaeta
Serpulidae
sp1 32 5
sp2 0 14

Arthropoda
Crustacea Decapoda
Paguridae
sp1 0 1

11 Annex 2
Phylum Porifera
· Class Calcospongea
Esponja sp1
Esponja sp2

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De Barba, J
 Esponja sp3
 Class Demospongiae
Esponja sp1
 Class Hexatinelida
Esponja sp1

Phylum Cnidaria
 Class Anthozoa
Anthozoa sp1
Anthozoa sp2
Anthozoa sp3
Anthozoa sp4
Anthozoa sp5
Anthozoa sp6
Phylum Mollusca
 Class Cephalopoda
Belemnoidea
Nannobelus acutus
Ammonoidea
Hildoceras sp.
Ammonites sp2
Rhyncholithes (pico)
Ceratites sp.
Nautiloidea
Cenoceras intermedius
 Class Bivalia
Ctenostreon gregaria
Cteneostreon sp2…
Inoperna sp
Thracia sp
Coelopis sp
Palaeonucula sp
Pseudolimea duplicata
Pleuromya sp
Plagiostoma giganteum
Plagiostoma striatum
Entolium sp
Modiolus sp
Ostreida
Arcomytilus asper
Grammatodon sp
Cardium sp
Veneroida
Ceratomya sp
Parvamussium pumilum
Gervillella sp
Trigonia sp
Chlamys sp
Pholadomya sp
Eopecten sp
Homomya sp
Plicatula spinosa
 Class Gastropoda

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De Barba, J
 Pleurotomaria sp
Naticopsina sp
Gastropoda sp3
Gastropoda sp4
Gastropoda sp5
Gastropoda sp6

Phylum Annelida
Family Serpulidae
Serpulidae sp1
Serpulidae sp2

Phylum Brachiopoda
 Ordo Terebratulida
Aulacothyris resupinata
Telothyris jauberti
Plesiothyris verneuili
Lobothyris punctata
Obovothyris sp
Cuersithyris sp
 Ordo Rhynchonellidae
Quadratirhynchia fodinalis
Homeorhynchia meridionalis

Phylum Arthropoda
 Class Crustacea
Paguridae sp.

Phylum Echinodermata
 Class Echinoidea
Rhabdocidaris sp
Glyptodiadema sp
Echinoidea sp3
Echinoidea sp4
Echinoidea sp5
 Class Crinoidea
Isocrinus scalaris
Crinoidea sp1
Crinoidea sp2

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De Barba, J