Prototype

MVP = Minimum Viable Product

Quick prototyping def

High fidelity prototyping

Prototyping methods

Functional testing
Failure testing
User experience testing

so prototypes are a good way of demonstrating what the designer has in mind and
which is very important for Product development because all the teammates of the
core team have to be on the same page and they have to understand the same thing
regarding the product ,
which would aid in the integration of that component to the overall product.So
basically any issues with respect to interfaces and interaction between systems can
be easily highlighted after the product prototype has been made.
Hello everyone. We are team 5 and our topic for discussion today is Prototyping and testing

TOPIC DESCRIPTION - PROTOTYPING AND TESTING(1-2)

Slide 1
What prototyping means?

It’s a process in which we design a small version of our final product, Which can be
further used for testing and validating ideas and design assumptions.

To put it in simple words we can say that Prototyping is all about bringing conceptual
or theoretical ideas to life and exploring their real-world impact before finally
executing them.

Slide 2

“If a picture is worth a thousand words, a prototype is worth a thousand meetings”

Slide 3
The next Question that comes to mind …….Why designers do prototyping ??

The first and most important purpose is the learning, prototypes allow designers to
learn a lot about the product, even one can say that product development process is
a learning process for the designer. designers build a prototype to test it, evaluate it
and learn from it.

It also answers questions like will it work? How well does it meet the customer's
needs? All of these questions get answered by building a prototype. They serve as
very good learning tools for the designer.

The next purpose is communication. Prototypes convey design intent in the

physical form which would be easier to interpret and understand for non technical
teammates like marketing. Concepts which a designer communicates might not be
understood by non tech people, so a prototype is a very good way of visually seeing
a three-dimensional object which communicates a much more detailed version
compared to a sketch or verbal text.

The next one is integration, here integration basically means the integration of
various subsystems or components into the product so that the prototype helps to
find areas of concern with respect to interfaces of different subsystems. if the
combination of any of the components of the product interferes with the overall
function of the product the problem can be detected easily.
And lastly milestones : Particularly in the later stages of product development,
prototypes are used to demonstrate that the product has achieved a desired level of
functionality.

SLIDE 4

Let's look at POC

So POC stands for Proof of Concept which is an approach used to prove how
feasible or viable a concept or an idea is. Companies use POC to demonstrate that
their idea could, in reality, be built and can achieve certain goals. It can be either a
document, a demo, or a very basic prototype of your idea. It proves the product will
deliver your promises and that you can actually create it.
With a working concept of your idea, you can show how the future product will solve
problems, what features it will have, how it will look like, etc.

Now some of you might be wondering what's the difference between POC and
Prototyping….

There are several phases an idea has to go through before it becomes an actual
product.

Here’s the deal.

The POC proves that you can build your prototype. Plus, you get to know if it will
work and will have potential clients. On the other hand, the prototype is an earlier
version of the final product.
POC identifies potential,technical and Logistical issues that might interfere with
success. It also addresses how the proposed product or services will support
organisational goals ,objectives or other business requirements as secondary goals.
Prototype allows makers to determine how to best develop a product when it moves
into final production or a final market-ready item.

Slide 5
Lets look at key differences between manufacturing and prototyping:

Prototypes are generally engineered using less expensive materials whereas

manufacturing products require use of the specific material which can be costly.
Ex. Prototypes of the product that require use of titanium, occasionally will be built
using plastic/steel/wood like materials.

While a manufacturing company will eventually produce the product, is it more

economical to outsource the prototyping and hire a company that specializes in
prototypes. A good prototyping company will save a manufacturing company time,
manpower, and money – and can deliver and be trusted with an original design.

Prototypes are considered “dry run” products with rapid iterations, and, as such, the
production numbers are much lower than the volume in which manufacturing is done.
But what exactly is “dry run” ?
It is a testing process where the effects of a possible failure are intentionally
mitigated. For example, an aerospace company may conduct a "dry run" test of a
jet's new pilot ejection seat while the jet is parked on the ground, rather than while it
is in flight.

In Prototype design, fast implementation is more weighted than scalable

implementation, whereas it's the other way around for manufacturing.

SLide 6

Rapid prototyping is the fast fabrication of a physical part, model or assembly using
3D computer aided design. The creation of the part, model or assembly is usually
completed using additive manufacturing, or more commonly known as 3D printing.
Other technologies used for RP include high-speed machining, casting, moulding,
and extruding.
These processes include :
Subtractive - in which a block of material is carved to produce the desired shape
using milling, grinding or turning.
Compressive - whereby a semi-solid or liquid material is forced into the desired
shape before being solidified, such as with casting, compressive sintering or
moulding.

SLIDE 7:-

Fidelity :-

Fidelity is the degree of exactness, that is how realistic your prototype is...

It can be of different levels,

In the initial stages the prototype can be Basic and low on Functionality which means
Low Fidelity Prototype. You need to go through multiple iterations to refine the
Prototype till the time it gets Validated by User.

A high fidelity prototype needs to be interactive and more functional, that is closer to
the actual product.

It varies all through the design process in terms of : the actual visual design, the level
of interactivity with the user and environment and overall functionality

Slide 8
Prototyping Methods :

Slide 9
Let’s discuss some of the methods of prototyping
First one is Sketching :
It is a fundamental part of the design process which helps you in making key
decisions.
It is an easier, faster and simplest way to explore concepts which doesn’t require any
particular skills. It allows you to have further discussions which can help you refine it
before even presenting it to Users.
All you need is a Pen and paper or maybe do it on your Smartphone or PCs.

Second one is Paper Prototype :

Paper prototype is preferred when one wants to design a Digital Product like a
Website or Mobile Application or any other screen-based interface. In this method
we first Create Paper Interface by Sketching user flow on pieces of papers and link
them. One can also record these interactions on the phone to avoid taking a series of
papers and then show to end users.
Using Paper prototype we can test early design ideas at an extremely low cost.

Slide 10
Next one is 3-D printing

3D printing builds a Physical object from a computer-aided design (CAD) model. In

this form of Prototyping materials like liquid molecules, powdered grains are joined
and solidified to create a three-dimensional object.

Physical goods are very difficult to customize however with digital goods
customization becomes easy by just changing the model on screen using digital
modelling tools. Once the object is digital, it can be easily stored, transported and
modeled to meet customer demands, you can take feedback and iterate design as
much as you want.

Testing:

Product testing, also called consumer testing or comparative testing, is a process of

measuring the properties or performance of products. It's a method for calculating
the quality of functioning of products. It is a method to make consumer protection
better and verifies the claims made in marketing strategies like advertising.
These claims are always in the interest of the brand behind the service and may not
be always in the interest of consumers.
Product testing seeks to ensure that consumers can understand what products will
do for them and which products are the best value and thus it had an important role
in the birth of consumer movement. It is a strategy to increase consumer protection
by checking the claims made during marketing strategies such as advertising.

The four fundamental methods of product Testing are Inspection, Demonstration,

Test, and Analysis. These are somewhat hierarchical in nature.

Product testing is used to avoid any issues with customer dissatisfaction or product
malfunction, testing before use is crucial

Next slide …

Purpose of product testing:

1)Show evidence in legal issues. (for patents, product claims, product liability etc.

2)Show standard data for another engineering, quality, and other scientific assurance
operations

3)It has to checked if the needs of a specification, contract, or regulation are met

● Find ways to lower product costs

● Find solutions to current product issues
● Give technical communication basis
● Provide validation for suitability for end use
● Testing has to see if product development is going according to plan and show
concept proof

Next slide …
Type one ..
❖ The purpose of Functional tests is to test each function of
 the product, by providing
appropriate input, verifying the output against the
Functional requirements.
❖ Testing measures that could be followed includes are :
1. Applying functional test to determine whether the test
criteria have been met.

2. conducting “load tests”, simulating as close as possible likely

conditions while using or exceeding the amounts of data that
can be expected to be handled in an actual situation.

Next slide..
First type of functional test ….

Hardware Testing: You should test the mechanical properties of all the critical
components and the assembled prototypes. Push the selected materials to failure and
discover their strength, hardness or flexibility.

Hardware testing is done by applying “non-operating” tests like load testing, performance
testing and maintainability testing etc to ensure that equipment can stand up to expected
levels of physical handling.

**As you can see in the right is automated hardware testing machine which is used to test
hardware of microchips .

Next slide..

Second type of functional testing……….

Destructive testing:
In Destructive testing (or destructive physical analysis, DPA) tests are carried out to
the specimen's failure, in order to understand a specimen's performance or material
behavior under different loads. These tests are generally much easier to carry out,
yield more information, and are easier to interpret than nondestructive testing.
Analyzing and documenting the destructive failure mode is often accomplished using
a high-speed camera recording continuously (movie-loop) until the failure is detected.
Detecting the failure can be accomplished using a sound detector or stress gauge
which produces a signal to trigger the high-speed camera.
Next slide …
Second type of testing ...

Lets see what is non functional testing.

Non- functional Testing is done to verify the non-functional requirements of the

application like performance, endurance etc.

Some of the parameters for non functional testing are Security, reliability,
survivability, availability, flexibility, usability, scalability, interoperability, reusability
and efficiency.

Next slide …
Third type of testing ….
Next is maintenance testing.
It is a test that is performed to either identify equipment problems, diagnose
equipment problems or to confirm that repair measures have been effective.
Maintenance testing uses system performance requirements as the basis for
identifying the appropriate components for further inspection or repair.

Next slide …
Fourth type of testing ...
Now let us look at user experience testing
User experience testing is the process of testing different aspects of user experience
to determine the best product according to the users.
So what lies at the heart of user experience testing? The main point is figuring out
what influences (or dissuades) consumers from buying your products and services.
That’s the heart of user experience testing.

Next slide …
Fifth type of testing ….
Finally, what is competitive analysis testing?
In this test, we compare our product to similar products already in the market . These
may be products that have already been released or competitive products, so that
you can highlight your advantages – whether performance or usability.

That is all for today