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Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Tagore was born in 1861 in Bengal, India to a wealthy family. He received early education at home from private tutors but later felt the education at local schools was too rigid. He went to England briefly to study law but developed a passion for literature. Tagore founded an experimental school called Shantiniketan in 1921 which later became a university. Tagore's philosophy of life emphasized individualism, the importance of nature, and combining Eastern and Western ideals. He believed education should be connected to students' complete life and society. His philosophy of education prioritized learning in nature, the mother tongue as medium of instruction, and opportunities for creativity and self-expression. Tagore saw

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2K views4 pages

Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Tagore was born in 1861 in Bengal, India to a wealthy family. He received early education at home from private tutors but later felt the education at local schools was too rigid. He went to England briefly to study law but developed a passion for literature. Tagore founded an experimental school called Shantiniketan in 1921 which later became a university. Tagore's philosophy of life emphasized individualism, the importance of nature, and combining Eastern and Western ideals. He believed education should be connected to students' complete life and society. His philosophy of education prioritized learning in nature, the mother tongue as medium of instruction, and opportunities for creativity and self-expression. Tagore saw

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BED-2001, UNIT-III, PART-3

STUDY MATERIAL FOR BED II SEMESTER (2021) STUDENTS


RABINDRANATH TAGORE

 LIFE SKETCH
 Born on 6th May 1861 in Bengal in an educated, rich and respected family had his first
lesson from a private tutor at home. He was taught physiology, language, mathematics
and Sanskrit. By nature he loved beauty, music and poetry.
 For higher education he was sent Bengal academy. Soon was fed-up with the rigid and
lifeless education imparted there. Later on sent to St. Xavier’s school, Calcutta but there
too he felt unhappy. At the age of 16 Tagore went to England to study Law. During his
brief stay he developed a good taste in English literature by joining the London
University. Personal contacts there developed his understanding of human nature. His
collection of poems entitled “Songs of the Morning” was published when he was twenty.
At the age of 40 he started a school of his own in Bengal with 10 students. This school
known as Shantinikatan Ashram became in 1921 the world famous Vishvabharti
University. In 1909 his world famous work Gitanjali was published. He died on 7 th
August, 1941.
 PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE
 Like Rousseau, Tagore was an ‘individualist’ and naturalist. As an individualist he
believed in the right and freedom of the individual to shape his life in his own way. He
said every individual is different from another and everyone is unique. In every one of
us the Creator manifests in the unique manner and every individual tries to realise the
Creator in his own way.
 As a naturalist he gave very importance place to the ‘Nature’ which he loved
immensely. According to him Brahma reveals Himself more clearly through nature
than through man.
 Tagore was realist who tried to review the traditional culture of India. He combined the
Eastern ideals with Western sciences. Reinforcing his realism ha says, our education
should be in full touch with our complete life, economic, intellectual, aesthetic, social
and spiritual and our educational institutions should be in the very heart of our society.
 His philosophy was the combination of Idealism with Realism. Tagore never put much
emphasis on materialism. His emphasis was on self realisation through fulfilling the
Dharma or the ideals. He advocated that the aim of life should be to be prepared for the
other world.
 He imbibed the idealistic philosophy of life and adopted the highest ideals of truth,
beauty and goodness as the chief aims of education. Believed in one God who created
human being. He was a great humanist and regarded man as a reflection of God.

 PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION:
The three cardinal principles of his educational philosophy are (1) Freedom (2) Creative
self expression (3) Active communion with nature and the man. An education divorced
from the streams of life and confined within four walls of the classroom becomes artificial
and loses its value. The highest mission of education is to help us to realise the inner
principle of unity of all knowledge and all the activities of our social and spiritual being.
Basic Principles of Tagore’s Educational philosophy may be summarised as follows:
 Medium of instruction should be mother tongue
 Child should enjoy freedom
 Opportunities for self-expression
 Education in the laps of nature
 Foreign education cannot be the basis of national education
 Education should be connected with national life
 Schools should be reformed

 AIMS OF EDUCATION:
The following aims of education are emphasised by the Tagore.
 Self-realization
 Intellectual development
 Physical development
 Love for humanity
 Moral and spiritual development
 Establishment of connection between man & God
 Development of international attitude
 CURRICULUM:
Fullness of experience was the central theme of Tagore’s philosophy. Therefore he gave
emphasis to history, geography, agriculture, nature study, practical subjects- horticulture,
co-curricular activities- drawing, singing, painting, singing, languages and various forms
of handwork.
 METHODS OF TEACHING
Tagore never liked the schoolmaster moulding the child’s mind according to his
readymade doctrines. They should be provided constant opportunities to explore their
capacities through surprises and achievements. He gave importance to following teaching
methods.
 Teaching while walking
 Discussion and question answer method
 Activity method.
 ROLE OF THE TEACHER
Tagore said that love and affection are the only medium through which perfect knowledge
can be obtained. According to him there are three sources of knowledge- Nature, Life and
the Teacher.
 Believed only man teach another man
 Love, affection, sympathy and coordination.
 Conducive environment should be created by the teacher for learning process
 EVALUATION OF HIS PHILOSOPHY:
 Tagore preached the cult of freedom, which alone could help the growth of the real
feelings, emotions and innate abilities of the child. Only through freedom can man
attain his fullness of growth.
 Human being is of the greatest worth. It is through men that values and virtues of life
are realised.
 He wished no gulf between East and West and wanted the kinship of man to man to
be broadly recognised.
 He emphasised on spiritual education. For him there was no real education with out
religion. He found truth in all religion.
 Shantiniketan is the practical application of Tagore’s philosophy. The aim is bring
into intimate relationship with each other the diverse culture.
Dr Mohd Abid Siddiqui, Department of education, AMU,Aligarh

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