Eastern Star Academy, Inc.

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Student’s Name:
_______________________________________________________
Grade Level: Grade 7 Learning Modality: Modular Distance Learning
Subject: Science 7 Subject Teacher: Peter D. Cloma Jr., LPT

GENERAL INSTRUCTION:
Please read carefully. You may jot down notes or use highlighter in reading the
information sheets to assure retention and comprehension. DO NOT SUBMIT the
INFORMATION SHEETS. The activity sheets will be submitted according to the
given schedule. PLEASE WRITE LEGIBLY. Always write your name and other
essential data upon submission. PLEASE follow the prescribed schedule to avoid
incomplete outputs and cramming in the process. DO NOT CHEAT. Disciplinary
actions will be taken if caught and proven. Enjoy learning.

Lesson Pure Substances vs. Mixtures

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Lesson Description:
In chemistry, a chemical substance is a form of matter that has constant chemical
composition and characteristic properties. It cannot be separated into components
without breaking chemical bonds. Chemical substances can be solids, liquids, gases,
or plasma. Changes in temperature or pressure can cause substances to shift
between the different phases of matter.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define pure substance;
2. Describe pure substance based on a set of properties; and
3. Relate the importance of pure substance in real – life situations

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Chemists can classify matter as solid, liquid, or gas. But there are other ways to classify
matter, as well — such as pure substances and mixtures. Classification is one of the basic
processes in science. All matter can be classified as either a pure substance or a mixture.

The classification of matter.

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Pure substances

A pure substance has a definite and constant composition — like salt or

sugar. A pure substance can be either an element or a compound, but the
composition of a pure substance doesn’t vary.

When we speak of a pure substance, we are speaking of something that

contains only one kind of matter. This can either be one single element or one single
compound, but every sample of this substance that you examine must contain
exactly the same thing with a fixed, definite set of properties.

Elements

An element is composed of a single kind of atom. An atom is the smallest

particle of an element that still has all the properties of the element.

Here’s an example: Gold is an element. If you slice and slice a chunk of gold
until only one tiny particle is left that can’t be chopped any more without losing the
properties that make gold gold, then you’ve got an atom.

REMEMBER:
The atoms in an element all have the same number of protons. Protons are

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subatomic particles — particles of an atom. Elements are the building blocks of
matter. And they’re represented in a strange table you may have seen at one time or
another — the periodic table.

Compounds

A compound is composed of two or more elements in a specific ratio. For

example, water is a compound made up of two elements, hydrogen (H) and oxygen
(O). These elements are combined in a very specific way — in a ratio of two
hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom, known as:

Many compounds contain hydrogen and oxygen, but only one has that special
2 to 1 ratio we call water. The compound water has physical and chemical properties
different from both hydrogen and oxygen — water’s properties are a unique
combination of the two elements.

REMEMBER:
Chemists can’t easily separate the components of a compound. They have to resort
to some type of chemical reaction.

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 Mixtures

Mixtures are physical combinations of pure substances that have no definite

or constant composition — the composition of a mixture varies according to who
prepares the mixture.

Although chemists have a difficult time separating compounds into their

specific elements, the different parts of a mixture can be easily separated by physical
means, such as filtration.

For example, suppose you have a mixture of salt and sand, and you want to
purify the sand by removing the salt. You can do this by adding water, dissolving the
salt, and then filtering the mixture. You then end up with pure sand.

Mixtures can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous:

 A homogeneous mixture, sometimes called a solution, is relatively uniform in

composition; every portion of the mixture is like every other portion.

For example, if you dissolve sugar in water and mix it really well, your mixture is
basically the same no matter where you sample it.

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 A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture whose composition varies from position
to position within the sample.

For example, if you put some sugar in a jar, add some sand, and then give the
jar a couple of shakes, your mixture doesn’t have the same composition throughout
the jar. Because the sand is heavier, there’s probably more sand at the bottom of the
jar and more sugar at the top.

An element is a chemical substance that is made up of a particular kind of

atom and hence cannot be broken down or transformed by a chemical reaction into a
different element. All atoms of an element have the same number of protons, though
they may have different numbers of neutrons and electrons.

A pure chemical compound is a chemical substance that is composed of a

particular set of molecules or ions that are chemically bonded. Two or more
elements combined into one substance through a chemical reaction, such as water,
form a chemical compound. All compounds are substances, but not all substances
are compounds. A chemical compound can be either atoms bonded together in
molecules or crystals in which atoms, molecules or ions form a crystalline lattice.
Compounds made primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms are called organic
compounds, and all others are called inorganic compounds. Compounds containing
bonds between carbon and a metal are called organometallic compounds.

Chemical substances are often called ‘pure’ to set them apart from mixtures.
A common example of a chemical substance is pure water; it always has the same
properties and the same ratio of hydrogen to oxygen whether it is isolated from a
river or made in a laboratory. Other chemical substances commonly encountered in
pure form are diamond (carbon), gold, table salt (sodium chloride), and refined sugar
(sucrose). Simple or seemingly pure substances found in nature can in fact be
mixtures of chemical substances. For example, tap water may contain small
amounts of dissolved sodium chloride and compounds containing iron, calcium, and
many other chemical substances. Pure distilled water is a substance, but seawater,
since it contains ions and complex molecules, is a mixture.

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Chemical Mixtures

A mixture is a material system made up of two or more different substances,

which are mixed but not combined chemically. A mixture refers to the physical
combination of two or more substances in which the identities of the individual
substances are retained. Mixtures take the form of alloys, solutions, suspensions,
and colloids.

Mixtures

If we take two or more pure substances and mix them together, we refer to this as
a mixture. Mixtures can always be separated again into component pure
substances, because bonding among the atoms of the constituent substances does
not occur in a mixture. Whereas a compound may have very different properties from
the elements that compose it, in mixtures the substances keep their individual
properties. For example sodium is a soft shiny metal and chlorine is a pungent green
gas. These two elements can combine to form the compound, sodium chloride (table
salt) which is a white, crystalline solid having none of the properties of either sodium
or chlorine. If, however, you mixed table salt with ground pepper, you would still be

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able to see the individual grains of each of them and, if you were patient, you could
take tweezers and carefully separate them back into pure salt and pure pepper.

Heterogeneous mixture

A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform

throughout the mixture. Vegetable soup is a heterogeneous mixture. Any given
spoonful of soup will contain varying amounts of the different vegetables and other
components of the soup.

Homogeneous mixture/ Solution

A homogeneous mixture is combination of two or more substances that are so
intimately mixed that the mixture behaves as a single substance. Another word for a
homogeneous mixture is solution. Thus, a combination of salt and steel wool is a
heterogeneous mixture because it is easy to see which particles of the matter are
salt crystals and which are steel wool. On the other hand, if you take salt crystals
and dissolve them in water, it is very difficult to tell that you have more than one
substance present just by looking—even if you use a powerful microscope. The salt
dissolved in water is a homogeneous mixture, or a solution (Figure 3.5.33.5.3).

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Heterogeneous Mixtures

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 A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture of two or more chemical substances
(elements or compounds), where the different components can be visually
distinguished and easily separated by physical means. Examples include:

 mixtures of sand and water

 mixtures of sand and iron filings

 a conglomerate rock

 water and oil

 a salad

 trail mix

 mixtures of gold powder and silver powder

Interactive: Oil and Water Explore the interactions that cause water and oil to
separate from a mixture.

Homogenous Mixtures

A homogeneous mixture is a mixture of two or more chemical substances

(elements or compounds), where the different components cannot be visually
distinguished. The composition of homogeneous mixtures is constant. Often
separating the components of a homogeneous mixture is more challenging than
separating the components of a heterogeneous mixture.

Distinguishing between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures is a

matter of the scale of sampling. On a small enough scale, any mixture can be said to
be heterogeneous, because a sample could be as small as a single molecule. In
practical terms, if the property of interest is the same regardless of how much of the
mixture is taken, the mixture is homogeneous.

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 A mixture’s physical properties, such as its melting point, may differ from
those of its individual components. Some mixtures can be separated into their
components by physical (mechanical or thermal) means.

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 ACTIVITY SHEETS

Name: _______________________ Topic: _____________________________

Subject: _________________________ Grade Level:_____________________

ACTIVITY 1
Do you think the substance represented in this
diagram is an element?

To help you answer the question, let us go

through the following questions.

1. Write down what you see in the picture.

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2. Do you think it is a mixture of substances or a pure substance? Why do you

think so?
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3. Are the atoms all of the same kind?

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4. What class of substances is made up of only one kind of atom?

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5. Is the substance an element? Why?

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___________________________________________________________________
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6. Can elements be made up of molecules?

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ACTIVITY 2

Using items from around the house. Make models of atoms, elements, compounds,
molecules of elements, molecules of compounds and mixtures. These models must
show that you understand the terms and definitions and concepts correctly.

This is a cut and paste activity. Cut out the pictures, terms and definitions and stick
them together so that they match each other (USE ANOTHER PAPER)

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ACTIVITY 3
You must classify the matter in each block using only the letters A to E to identify the

categories:
A = element
B = compound
C = mixture of elements
D = mixture of compounds
E = mixture of elements and compounds

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ACTIVITY 4

Study the images A to F below and answer the following questions. Each of
the six blocks (labelled A to F) contain some matter. You must answer the
following questions using the diagrams in the blocks.

You must classify the matter in each block A to F using only the numbers 1 - 6 to
identify the following categories: Each question may have more than one answer!
1. Element
2. Compound
3. mixture of elements
4. mixture of compounds
5. mixture of elements and compounds
6. a pure substance

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 ACTIVITY SHEETS

Name: _______________________ Topic: _____________________________

Subject: _________________________ Grade Level:_____________________

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 JOURNAL

Name: _______________________ Topic: _____________________________

Subject: _________________________ Week #: ____________________
Write your realization, understandings, and all things you’ve learned and
experienced in accomplishing the module. Write legibly.
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Parent’s/ Guardian’s Signature: __________________

Teacher’s Feedback:
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