FIRE
DETECTION
AND ALARM
SYSTEM
(FDAS)
FDAS
• A fire alarm system has a number of devices working
together to detect and warn people through visual
and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon
monoxide or other emergencies are present.
• This warns occupants that there may be a fire and
that evacuation may be necessary.
• System may include remote
signaling equipment which can alert the fire brigade
or a remote monitoring center.
• Fire can be detected by; heat detectors, flame
detectors, smoke detectors, carbon monoxide
detectors and multi sensor detectors, or an alarm
can be triggered at manual call points.
• Alarms may consist of bells, sirens, horns, lights or a
combination these. Two power supplies are
required, generally a mains supply and batteries
providing 24 hours back up.
IS FDAS
MANDATORY?
-YES !
-IN ORDER TO SAVE LIVES
-IN ORDER TO SAVE
PROPERTIES
REASONS WHY
FDAS IS
REQUIRED
• Detect fire in the areas.
• Notify building occupants to take evasive
action to escape the dangers of a hostile
fire.
• Summon organized assistance to initiate or
assist in fire control activities.
• Initiate automatic fire control &
suppression systems & to sound alarm.
• Supervise fire control & suppression
systems to assure operational status is
maintained
• Initiate auxiliary functions involving
environmental, utility & process controls
Mandating Law
Fire Code of the Philippines 1185
to view PD 1185
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fire Box (Manual Pull Station)
• When shorted trips an alarm (usually fire)
• Installed in the normal exit path
Types of Fire Box
• Single Action
Pull handle once or press the button
• Glass Break
Glass rod or plate is broken
• Double Action
Lifting of a cover or opening a door
FIRE DETECTORS
• Heat detectors
1. fixed temp type heat detector
2. rate-of-rise type heat detector
• Smoke detectors
1. Photoelectric
2. Ionization
• Flame detectors
1. Ultraviolet light (UV)
2. Infrared (IR) 3.4)
• Fire-gas detectors
FIXED
TEMPERATURE
HEAT DETECTOR
Detects heat by one or more of 3 primary principles of
physics:
• Expansion of heated material
• Melting of heated material
• Changes in resistance of heated material
RATE-OF-RISE
HEAT DETECTORS
• Operate on the principle that the temperature in a room will
increase faster from fire than from atmospheric temperature
• Will initiate an alarm when the rise in temp. exceeds 12-15F (7-8C)
per minute
• Alarm can be initiated at a temp. far below that required for a fixed
temp. device
PHOTOELECTRIC
SMOKE DETECTOR
• Uses a photocell coupled with a specific light source.
• Basically smoke entering the smoke detector
chamber disrupts the light beam causing an alarm
signal to be initiated
• More sensitive to smoldering fires
SMOKE DETECTOR (Photo Electric)
Ionization Smoke
Detector
• Invisible products of combustion enter the chamber
decreasing the current between the –ve & +ve
plates, thereby initiating an alarm signal.
• Generally responds faster to flaming fires versus
smoldering fires
• Automatically resets when the atmosphere clears
DETECTOR LAY-OUT
• For easy lay-outing the standard distance, center to center of smoke
detector or heat detector is:
THREE (3) METERS EACH WAY
Fire-Gas Detector
• Monitors levels of carbon dioxide and carbon
monoxide (common to all fires)
• More discriminating than other detectors – can be
designed to be sensitive only to gases produced by
specific types of hostile fires and ignores gases
produced by friendly fires
• Not many in use – very specialized applications
Flame Detector
OUTPUT
DEVICES
• An audible alarm signal lets people know the
alarm system has been activated
• Devices may be mounted inside or outside
based on level of protection required
• May consist of:
Sirens
Bells
Buzzers
Horns
Voice Drivers
FIRE ALARM
SOUNDERS,
BELLS AND
HORNS
FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL
• Conventional FDA System
• Addressable FDA System
CONVENTIONAL FIRE
DETECTION AND ALARM
SYSTEM
• Conventional fire sensors and manual call points
shall provide for continuous surveillance the area.
• Main fire alarm panel shall derive signals from the
zone indicating panels and audible and visual
annunciation shall be provided in the event of fire.
• Repeater panel shall be located in security house /
fire station to alert fire fighting / security personnel.
• Fire detectors shall be selected depending on the
type of fire expected in a particular area.
• It is an automatic fire
detection & alarm system
consists of fire detectors &
manual call points
positioned in Zones/ loop
through out a building(Area).
• These are wired to control &
indicating equipment which
shows the location of alarm
call, & actuates audible
alarm sounders.
ADDRESSABLE FIRE
DETECTION & ALARM
SYSTEM
Accessories Connection
Accessories Connection
BATTERY
End of slides
…thank you!
