WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION

ENGLISH GRADE
Practical Research I 12

2
LEARNING QUARTER

MODULE WEEK 8

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 0

 MODULE IN
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
QUARTER 2
WEEK 8

ACKNOWLEDGING SOURCES OF
INFORMATION THROUGH
CITATION AND REFERENCING
Development Team
Writer: Teresa A. Cudal Marjorie D. Nolasco
Rei Karlo Ramos Allan Alonzo
Mark Bulong
Editors: Richard Hapa Maria Corazon H. Retutal
Reviewer: Adelyn C. Domingo
Illustrator: Wynnelord Rainier E. Tibay
Layout Artist: Wynnelord Rainier E. Tibay
Management Team: Vilma D. Eda Arnel S. Bandiola
Lourdes B. Arucan Juanito V. Labao
Adelyn C. Domingo

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 1

 What I Need to Know

This module provides understanding of the different techniques in listing

references. As you complete the given lesson and different activities provided in this
module you are expected to understand how to acknowledge sources of information
through citation and referencing with the following:

Most Essential Learning Competency:

The learner learns to list references (CS _RS11IVg-j-3).

Learning Objectives:
1. Compare and contrast citation and reference list;
2. Differentiate Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing;
3. Use prescribed citation style; and
4. Explain the importance of acknowledging sources of data or information in doing a
research.

What Know

Pre-Test
Directions: Read and analyze each item or situation carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Per APA format, the list of references found at the end of your paper is called
A) Bibliography B) References C) Sources used D. Works Cited

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 2

2. The references at the end of your paper should appear
A) in alphabetical order by authors’ surname or by title (if there is no author),
regardless of type of reference (book, film journal article, website, etc.).
B) under separate subheadings according to type of source.
C) first under those with authors, then those without.
D) numbered in the order in which they appear
3. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A) All reference entries should be single-spaced.
B) All references should be in a "hanging indent" format.
C) The title of the book in a reference list should be in italic format.
D) Entries in a Reference List should be placed in alphabetical order.
4. All of the following are types of citation styles except—
A) Chicago Style
B) American Journal Style of Citation
C) Modern Language Association Style (MLA Style)
D) American Psychological Association Style (APA Style)
5. In MLA citation style, which of the following is correct in citing an author?
A) Frye has argued this point before (Frye 197).
B) Frye has argued this point before. (197).
C) Frye has argued this point before. (Frye, 197).
D) Frye has argued this point before (197).

ACKNOWLEDGING
Lesson
SOURCES OF
1 INFORMATION
Research is a collection of information about a given topic, wherein researchers often
use different sources in gathering significant information from different books, journals, e-
books, interviews, and other forms of references. It is the role of researchers to give proper
credits to the sources of his research through listing of references. This module will serve as
your guide on writing reference list on different types of sources.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 3

 What’s In

Directions: Copy and fill in the table below. Determine what is asked, list two for
each column. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

K.W.L. Chart
Topic: List of References
K W L
What I Already Know What I want to Know What I Have Learned

What’s New

Let’s Differentiate
Direction. Using a Venn Diagram compare and contrast citation from reference list.

Citation Reference
List

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 4

 What is it

Citation
A citation is a way of giving credit to individuals for their creative and intellectual works
that you utilized to support your research. It can also be used to locate particular sources and
combat plagiarism. Typically, a citation can include the author's name, date, and location of
the publishing company, journal title, or DOI (Digital Object Identifier).

A citation style dictates the information necessary for a citation and how the
information is ordered, as well as punctuation and other formatting
(https://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp).

Reference List is a complete listing of all cited resources used to create your document.
Reference lists are formatted according to the instructions provided by the most recent edition
of your chosen style manual. (https://shsulibraryguides.org/thesisguide/references).

In some cases, style manuals do not contain up-to-date instructions on documentation

of electronic publications (i.e., E-mail, software, electronic journals, etc.), government
documents, or legal documents. When the department’s style manual fails to provide enough
instructions regarding bibliographic documentation, it is suggested that the student consult the
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) or a style manual
associated with their discipline. Specialized style manuals for citing legal material and
electronic information are available in the Newton Gresham Library.
(https://shsulibraryguides.org/thesisguide/references).

Importance of Providing References

Providing references serves as acknowledgement to the person who are the
intellectual owners of the information we are using. The intellectual owners could be the
authors of books or articles, the designers of a product, the producers of films, or even the
webmasters of website, we therefore provide references to (as cited by Garcia, et.al. 2017):
1. acknowledge all information or facts that we did not conceptualize or think of
ourselves;
2. help the readers to easily locate the sources we have used;
3. provide support or proof for the claims we make;

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 5

 4. show the readers that we have read extensively on the subject;
5. demonstrate that we can also participate in an academic discourse;
6. give credibility to our writing; and
7. avoid plagiarism. (Stellenbosch University,2017)

Citation Vs Reference

Basis for Citation Reference

Comparison
Citation is a way of disclosing within Reference is a list which contains
the main body, that the quote, image, all the sources which have been
chart, statistics, etc. are taken from an sought or cited while writing the
Meaning outside source. article or assignment.
Due to this very reason, it is also
called as “in-text citation”, which
includes a set of parentheses.
Use It informs the readers, the basic It informs the reader, the complete
source of information source of information
Purpose To indicate the source of the material To support or criticize an argument
taken or point.
Placement Presented in the bracket. Presented as endnote or end of the
document.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 6

 Information It contains information with few It contains information that
details like, publication year and last provides all the details of the
name of the author. source like, publication date, title of
book/journal, author's name, and
page number.
Source:https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-citation-and-reference.html#ComparisonChart
Types of Citation Style
a. American Psychological Association Style (APA Style). It is generally used by
disciplines within Social Sciences. This is often used in research.
b. Modern Language Association Style (MLA Style). It is generally used by disciplines
in humanities.
c. Chicago Style It is generally used by disciplines in both humanities and social sciences.
d. Turabian Style. Used by many disciplines in humanities, social science, and natural
science.

Quoting
Refers to repeating the author’s exact words. Some situations which might justify direct
quoting could be:
• the author has devised and named a new theory, model, concept, technique or scale
• the author has provided a definition of a concept
• the author’s words have unusual impact and would be difficult to express in any other way
• the author is a notable authority on the subject and their words will lend weight to your
argument
• the author is expected to use examples to justify his interpretation or analysis of a literary
work.
Types of Quoting
a. Short quotes. Compose of up to two or three lines, place the relevant words in
quotation marks and incorporate them into your sentence.
Example:
According to Scholte (2008, p. 1473) “when globalization is interpreted as
internationalization, the term refers to a growth of transactions and interdependence
between countries”.

b. Long (Block) quotes

Quotes of more than 30 or 40 words should be:
o set apart from the rest of your text, usually by leaving one blank line before and
after
o indented, usually by five spaces

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 7

 Example:
Kotler comments on the tendency of many Americans to assume that
everything in the United States is better than elsewhere:
A nation that is great does not need to boast about it! It will be known without
promotion. Other nations don’t appreciate hearing, by implication that their country
offers much less than the U.S. does. The citizens of many countries actually prefer
their country’s ways and culture to U.S. culture. Many Europeans, especially the
French, feel their lives are more satisfying (Kotler, 2016, p. 168).
Source: https://writingscape.com/summary-vs-paraphrase-vs-quote/
Paraphrasing
Refers to expressing of information or ideas from other sources in your own words in
a similar number of words as the source text. Paraphrasing is NOT simply replacing words
with synonyms or rearranging the structure of sentences. It involves rephrasing a text
substantially while retaining the original meaning. Paraphrasing involves acknowledging the
original source with proper referencing.
How to paraphrase:
1. Read the original text and get a full grasp of it.
2. Focus not only on the meaning of the individual words and sentences but on the overall
meaning of each paragraph or section.
3. After each paragraph or section, put the reading aside and state it in your own words.
4. Finally, proofread, revise and edit your paraphrase as necessary.
Source: https://writingscape.com/summary-vs-paraphrase-vs-quote/
Example:
Original: Her life spanned years of incredible change for women as they gained more
rights than ever before.
Paraphrase: She lived through the exciting era of women's liberation.
(Source: https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-paraphrasing.html)
Summarizing
Outlining the main points of a reading in your own words without adding your own ideas
or changing the author’s meaning. Summarized information must be accompanied by a
citation.
How to Summarize:
1. Read the original text and get a full grasp of it. You may need to re-read the original
source a few times and look up the meaning of key words to fully understand it.
2. When reading, ask yourself: What is the overall message? What are the key points?
3. Concentrate on the essentials and leave out details and examples.
4. Put the source aside and state its key points in your own words.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 8

 5. Finally, proofread, revise and edit your summary as necessary.
Source: https://www.monash.edu/rlo/research-writing-assignments/writing/paraphrasing-
summarising-and-quoting
Plagiarism
According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, to "plagiarize" means:

• to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
• to use (another's production) without crediting the source
• to commit literary theft
• to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source

How to Avoid Plagiarism

1. Write from Scratch

2. Use Quotation Marks and cite
3. Paraphrase and Summarize and cite
4. When in doubt, cite
5. Write down notes

Source: https://www.customessaymeister.com/blog/ways-to-avoid-plagiarism

Different Types of Plagiarism

1. Direct Plagiarism – This is when you directly copy the work of one or more authors without
giving due credit. An example of this is downloading a research paper from the internet and
passing it off as your own.

2. Failing to Credit – This is when you paraphrase content and then make it look as if it’s
your own work by not crediting the source. For example, you copy the conclusions of a source
and make it look as if these are conclusions you generated through your own analysis.

3. Mosaic Plagiarism – This type of plagiarism involves incomplete paraphrasing. For

instance, you might change just some of the words, omit or expand some parts, or change the
structure of sentences. As a result, your paper becomes a mixture of your own words and the
unattributed works of others—similar to a mosaic

4. Auto-Plagiarism – This is when you plagiarize yourself, such as when you submit an old
paper or combine two or more old papers to create a new one. While not everyone considers
this as plagiarism, most professors do, and thus you’re better off writing a new paper than
taking your chances (https://www.customessaymeister.com/blog/how-to-write-a-research-
paper-without-plagiarizing.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 9

 What’s More

Perfect Match!

Direction: Correctly identify the source of information for each APA reference on the left
column. Use a separate sheet for your answers. The choices include the following:
Web page Film
Book by a single author Book by 2 or more authors
Book that has more than one edition Journal article

Chicago, J. (n.d.). Through the flower homepage. 1.

Retrieved from
http://www.judychicago.com
Hunter, I. (1994). Rethinking the school: subjectivity, 2.
bureaucracy, criticism. St. Leonards, New South Wales,
Australia: Allen & Unwin.
Joyce, B., & Weil, M. (1986). Models of teaching. (3rd 3.
ed.).New Jersey, NY: Prentice-Hall.
Traudi, A., & Traudi, P. (Producers and Directors). 4.
(1993). Roar! Melbourne Expressionism in the 1980s.
[Motion picture]. Bendigo, Victoria, Australia: Film
Education Australia.
Dekker, S. W. A., Hancock, P. A., & Wilkin, P. (2013). 5.
Ergonomics and sustainability: Towards an embrace of
complexity and emergence. Ergonomics, 56(3), 357-
364. Doi: 10.1080/00140139.2012.718799

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 10

 What I Have Learned

• A reference list contains details of all sources cited in text

• A reference list is arranged alphabetically by author. If an item has no author, it is cited
by title, and included in the alphabetical list using the first significant word of the title.
• A reference list is generally placed at the end of a work.
• Commas are used to separate each item of the reference/citation.
• If you have more than one item with the same author, list the items
chronologically, starting with the earliest publication.
• For electronic sources, use angle brackets (<>) to isolate the web
address/URL from the rest of the reference.

What I Can Do

A. Stop and Think!

Directions: Read the questions carefully, write your answer in a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What are the different referencing styles? Describe each reference style.

2. How do you cite references in your research paper?

B. Listing References Activity

Direction: Write down at least three (3) complete bibliographical details for each type
of reference material that can be used for your chosen research topic. Use APA style.
Research Topic: _____________________________________________________
A. Book with one author D. Encyclopedia
B. Journal E. Website / Online References
C. Magazine

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 Assessment

Post Test
Directions: Read and analyze each item or situation carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Given below is a reference with missing edition and place of publication, choose on the given
choices below the correct punctuated format for the missing information.

McMurray, A. & Clendon, J. (2011). Community health and wellness: Primary healthcare
in practice edition place/city Mosby Elsevier.

A) 4th ed. Chatswood, Australia

B) (4th ed.). Chatswood, Australia:
C) 4th edition, Chatswood, Australia:
D) (4th ed.). Chatswood, Australia
2. What is the correct reference APA format for a book?
A) Fletcher, DP. (2018). Disrupters: Success strategies for women who break the
mold. Entrepreneur Press.
B) Fletcher, D.P. 2018. Disrupters: Success strategies for women who break the mold.
Entrepreneur Press.
C) Fletcher, D.P. (2018). Disrupters: Success strategies for women who break the mold.
Entrepreneur Press.
D) Fletcher, D.P. Disrupters: Success strategies for women who break the mold.
Entrepreneur Press. 2018.
3. What is the correct author and year format for a journal article in a reference list?
A) Asuncion, M.J.D.(2020). C) Asuncion,M.D.2020.
B) Asuncion, MJ.D.(2020). D) Asuncion, M.D.(2020).

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 12

4. Identify the correct parenthetical citation for a quote that comes from page seven in this
book: Tannen, D. (1998). The argument culture. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Random House.

A) Every issue we see discussed on television appears to be set up as an argument:

“In the argument culture, criticism, attack, or opposition are the predominant if not
the only ways of responding to people or ideas” (Tannen, 1998, p. 7).
B) Every issue we see discussed on television appears to be set up as an argument:
“In the argument culture, criticism, attack, or opposition are the predominant if not
the only ways of responding to people or ideas” (p. 7).
C) Every issue we see discussed on television appears to be set up as an argument:
“In the argument culture, criticism, attack, or opposition are the predominant if not
the only ways of responding to people or ideas” (The argument culture, 1998,
p. 7).
D) Every issue we see discussed on television appears to be set up as an argument:
“In the argument culture, criticism, attack, or opposition are the predominant if not
the only ways of responding to people or ideas” (Tannen 7).
5. If you are referencing using a website, which should be written first?
A) Organization C) URL
B) Title D) Year

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 13

 Answer Key

5. D 5. A
4. B 4. A
3. A 3. D
2. A 2. C
1. B 1. B
What I Know Assessment

References

AUT Library.(2020, February, 24). APA 6th Referencing Style Guide.

https://aut.ac.nz.libguides.com/APA6th/referencelist#:~:text=A%20reference
%20list%20lists%20only,have%20consulted%20for%20their%20ideas.
Bernardez, E.B. (2011). Methodology of Research and Thesis Writing. Jimczyville
Publications: Tinajeros, Malabon City.
Braceros, E.L., (2016). Practical Research 1. Rex Book Store, Inc.: Sampaloc, Manila.

Faltado III, R.E. et al.(2016). Practical Research 1. Lorimar Publishing Inc.: Cubao, Quezon
City, Metro Manila.

Prieto N.G., et al. (2017). Practical Research 1. Lorimar Publishing Inc.: Cubao, Quezon City,
Metro Manila.
Newton Gresham Library.(2021, January 11). Bibliography or List of References.
https://shsulibraryguides.org/thesisguide/references.
The University of Queensland Australia.(n.d).UQ Harvard referencing style.
https://guides.library.uq.edu.au/referencing/uqharvard/reference-list

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Practical Research I 14

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