The Problem and Its Background
The Problem and Its Background
CHAPTER I
Introduction
tasks, even though this may result in negative consequences (e.g. Simpson and Pychyl 2009;
Steel 2007).
Procrastination is a very common behavior amongst High School Students, who face
multitude of school works such as examinations, assignments and research projects. It had
been a go-to choice for them as school works can be overwhelming. Academic
intentionally done or not, but still significantly affects their learnings and achievements, in
general. As cited by Irshad Hussain and Sarwat Sultan on their research work entitled
Analysis of Procrastination among University Students, Steel (2008) pointed out that
self-control and organizational behavior of the students. It makes students lazy and
Education serves an important role in everyone’s lives, as learnings and skills can
help in achieving success. But with the hindrance called ‘procrastination’, achieving success
This study also takes a look whether Socio-Economic Status affects the students
The primary interest of this study is to know the causes why students procrastinate
and its effect to their academic performance. As procrastination is a serious problem, one
The general problem of the study is: What is the main cause why Grade 11 Students of
FCLNHS procrastinate?
1.1 age;
4) What are the common reasons for procrastination among those who procrastinate?
This study is concerned with the evaluation of the personal characteristics and study
habits of Grade 11 students of Felizardo C. Lipana National High School and how does it
Junior High School, Open High School and Grade 12 students were not included, as the
1. To the students: This study may help them to learn more about procrastination and how
2. To the teachers and school: The results of this study will help teachers to know and
understand why their students procrastinate and what help they can offer to them.
3. To the researchers: To help them know the insights of the students on why they are
Notes in Chapter I
Students.
5
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter presents the relevant theories, the related literature amd the studies, the
The term ‘procrastination’ is derived from the Latin word ‘procrastinare’ which means to
“ put off, delay, prolong, defer and stall” (Rosario et. al, 2009). It is a two part word, ‘pro’ in
sense of forward and ‘crastinces’ meaning ‘tomorrow’ and ‘until tomorrow’ (Steele, 2005).
when people delay finishing task that needed to be done, usually leading to losing
productivity, poor performance and increased in stress. Ferrari (2005), similarly define
According to Simpson and Pychyl, 2009; Steele, 2007, Procrastination in academic setting
6
means delaying intended academic tasks, even though this may effect the procrastinator
‘’Obviously, students achieve nothing because of procrastination,” (Ojo, 2019). Ojo also
cited seven reasons why students proscrastinate: (a) Forgetting about it technically speaking,
this is not classified as procrastination as the students didn’t know they were resisting their
works but just simply knowing nothing about it. But this is definitely a common cause of
living things until the last minute. (b) Lack of clarity about the desired outcome--- Students
commonly overestimate the amount of time they have left to complete assignments, and
underestimate the amount of time it will take to complete them. Consequently, they fail to
leave themselves enough time to complete the work. (c) Overly-lenient deadlines- when
students think of papers or project as a whole, rather than as a series of steps, they can seem
overwhelming and they don’t know where to begin. So, they end up putting the whole project
off, until it’s so close to the deadline and their worry about not knowing the ‘right’ place to
start is overshadowed by their fear of not having enough time to complete the work at all. (d)
Distractions- These distractions can be external ( Facebook, text messages, etc.) or internal
( their own thoughts and impulses). Either way, this results in them spending time that had
been budgeted for their work in other ways. (e) Perfectionism/Fear of Failure- Students
preoccupied with making their projects “perfect,” nervous about making mistakes or
“messing them up,” or afraid of criticism, until, at last, they are close to the deadline that
producing an ideal assignment is known longer possible, and their only options are to do an
imperfect job or turn in nothing at all. (f) Too many commitment- Students with so many
works and activities to be done and so little free time that their life feels like is like an
7
endless. String of Obligations and chores, they may use procrastination as a method to
artificially create “free time” for themselves. (g) Resistance- Students will sometimes
procrastinate as a form of rebellion when they view work as something that is being forced
Akinsola and Tella (2009) indicates that there is significant difference between
procrastination and mathematics achievement, with student with low procrastination having
higher mathematics achievement than those with moderate and high levels of procrastination.
is needed to obtain a desired position in work- force, student who procrastinate in the
learning of mathematics are likely to limit their career choices to those that do not require
mathematics skills.
One of the many factors that effects procrastination is Socio-Economic Status. Parson
et.al (2001) defines “Socio-Economic Status (SES) is the term used to distinguish between
people’s relative position in the society in terms of family income, political power,
A study conducted by Rather and Sharma (2015) examined the impact of Socio-economic
Status on achievement grades. Data were collected from 200 Secondary School Students of
Aligarh district of Ultar Pradesh. The said study showed that there was direct relation
Another study conducted by Showkeen and Rehman (2014) investigated about the impact
Senior High School. The study showed positive correlation between SES and Academic
Theoretical Framework
In line with the statement of the problem and the theoretical framework of the study,
General Mathematics.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined in accordance to their operational use in the study:
Notes in Chapter II
School.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research methods and techniques, the population and sample
of the study, the research instruments, the data collection and processing, and the statistical
The study used the descriptive method of research to record, analyze, describe, and
interpret the gathered data. This enabled the researcher to investigate the relationships among
The subjects of the study are the Grade 11 students of Felizardo C. Lipana National
High School.
Junior High School, Open High School and Grade 12 students were not included, as
the main focus of the study was on Grade 11 students only. Teachers, faculties, and staffs
The researchers targeted at least 50 of the students. The respondents were chosen
through systematic sampling, a type of probability sampling. The researchers obtained the list
12
of the students from Senior High School Registrar’s Office then selected every 5th name on
Research Instrument
The study made use of researcher-prepared questionnaire. The first part of the
questionnaire was about the personal profile of the respondents; specifically, age, sex and
economic status. The second part of the questionnaire was designed to measure the
Frequency of Academic Procrastination amongst Grade 11 students. The third part was
The study also made use of the Department of Education (DepEd) Grading system
After the respondents were chosen by systematic sampling, the researchers personally
After the data were gathered, the data was tallied, tabulated and treated manually. The
1. Frequency counts to find the percentage of the respondents as regards to sex, age
2. Frequency counts and the mean were used to find the overall level of Frequency of
3. Frequency count were used to find the overall levels of Academic Performance in
General Mathematics.
Mathematics as well as the relation of their Socio-Economic Status to the frequency of their
CHAPTER IV
This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets the gathered data in the study. The
sequencing of the specific questions in Chapter I was taken into account in the presentation,
The findings of the study are subdivided into five parts. The first part deals with the
characteristics of the respondents. The second part is about the frequency of Academic
Procrastination amongst Grade 11 students in FCLNHS and thir factors. The third part
describes their Academic Performance in the subject General Mathematics. The fourth part
discusses the relationship of the Socio-Economic Status of the students to the frequency of
their procrastination and to their Academic performance. Finally, the fifth part shows the
Table 1 shows the profile of the respondents with regards to age. The age of the
Table 1
Table 2 below shows the distribution of the respondents as to sex. There is an equal
Table 2
Income. Most of the respondents’ families earn P10,000 and less monthly.
Table 3
FCLNHS
Table 4 shows the respondents response when given a task on the subject General
Mathematics. Most of them answered they will do the task depending on the circumstance,
like the level of difficulty of the task. While the other 20% of the respondents would do the
task right away. And the remaining 10% would procrastinate and wait until due time.
Table 4
Total 50 100%
17
Table 5 shows how frequent the respondents procrastinate in Gen. Math. Most of
Table 5
Frequency of Procrastination
due to laziness (34.3%), followed by doing household responsibilities (31.4%), then because
Table 6
Reasons of Procrastination
Table 7 shows the students performance, in terms of grade in the subject General
Mathematics. Most of which had 85-89 in grades (34%), followed by both 80-84 and 90-100
in range (20%).
Table 7
Part IV: The Relationship of the respondent’s Socio-Economic Status to the frequency
In able to correlate the following data we made use of the Likert Scale which made
Table 8
P 10, 000 and below P 11, 000 – P 21, 000 – P 31, 000 – P 41, 000
Frequency of Procrastination
Monthly Frequency
Household of Procrastination
Income
5 2
2 2
1 2
5 1
1 2
1 2
4 2
∑x=104
∑y=85
20
4 2
2 2
3 1
5 1
1 2
3 2
2 2
1 1
1 2
2 1
2 1
1 1
4 1
3 2
3 2
2 2
3 2
1 1
1 2
1 1
2 2
5 2
1 1
2 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
2 2
2 2
1 2
2 2
1 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
1 2
1 2
3 1
1 1 Table 8 shows the relationship
2 2
1 1 between the respondents’ Socio-
1 2
3 1 Economic Status and their Frequency of
by the computation.
21
P 10, 000 and below P 11, 000 – P 20, P 21, 000 – P 31, 000 – P 41, 000
1 2 3 4 5
∑x2= 292
22
2 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
2 5
2 5
1 5
2 5
1 5
2 1
2 1
2 2
1 2
1 4
3 4
1 3
2 5
1 2
1 1
3 5
5 4
2 4
1 4
5 4
1 3
1 3
4 5
4 2
2 2
3 2
5 1
1 1
3 2
2 2
1 3
1 3
2 4
2 4
1 4
4 4
3 4
3 4
2 4
3 4
1 5
1 5
23
1 3
2 4
Table 9 shows the relationship between the respondents’ Socio-Economic Status and
their Grades in General Mathematics. There is no significant relationship between the two as
Table 10
Frequency of Procrastination
Frequency Grades
r= -0.04549
25
1 1
2 1
2 2
2 2
1 3
2 3
1 4
1 4
1 4
1 4
2 4
2 4
2 4
2 4
1 5
2 5
1 3
2 4
2 4
1 4
2 3
2 3
2 3
2 3
2 5
2 5
2 5
2 5
2 5
2 1
2 1
2 2
2 2
2 4
1 4
1 3
2 5
1 2
2 1
1 3
26
CHAPTER V
Summary
This chapter presents the summary of the study, the derived conclusions from
the gathered and computed statistical data, and the recommendations presumed worthy of
consideration.
27
Education serves an important role in everyone’s lives, as learning and skills can
help achieving success. But with the hindrance called ‘procrastination,’ achieving success
can be delayed, too. It is a very common behavior amongst High School students, who face
procrastination is prevalent in Felizardo C. Lipana National High School, mostly for the
Grade 11 students. Through surveying the researchers gathered data and computed it as
done.
FCLNHS. As the conducted study found out that 70% of the Grade 11 Senior High School
Students procrastinate, particularly on the subject General Mathematics. Most of which are
with the reason of laziness, followed by doing household responsibilities and too much
workloads that the given tasks seems to get buried and forgotten until the last minute.
As determined by the study, the economic status of the family doesn’t affect the
to the performance of the students, in terms of grades in General Mathematics. It can also be
inferred that the frequency of procrastination doesn’t affect the respondents’ performance in
General Mathematics.
distractions present, it is nothing ordinary for people to procrastinate. But with constant
practice, this can affect not just the well being but mostly the performance of the
Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions was derived:
. The age of the respondents ranges from 15 to 22 years old, with a mean of 17 years
old. The study also had an equal amount of male to female respondents. With most of the
70% of the Grade 11 Senior High School Students procrastinate, particularly on the
subject General Mathematics. Most of which are with the reason of laziness, followed by
doing household responsibilities and too much workloads that the given tasks seems to get
Most of the students had a very satisfactory performance, which is equivalent to 85-
89 in grades (34%), followed by both 80-84 (satisfactory) and 90-100 (outstanding) in range
(20%).
and their procrastination tendencies. There is also no significant relationship between the
Socio-Economic Status determined by the income and the performance of the respondents on
It can also be inferred from the findings that the frequency of procrastination of the
All in all, as examined through the help of the respondents, the researchers can say
negative effect on the students’ performance, it is still a practice one must not tolerate and do
frequently.
Recommendations
After assessing the findings of the study, the following recommendations are
presented:
1. The students must know how to balance their time. They also need to know their
priorities and not let distractions drift them away in doing their task and responsibilities.
regarding the relationship between the Frequency of Procrastination and the Academic
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https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1115&context=epse_diss
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-Impact-of-Procrastination-on-Students-Academic-Performance-in-Secondary-Schools.pdf
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Appendix A
Survey Questionnaire
Sex: Age:
□ Male □ 15 16
□ Female □ 17 18
□ 19 20
□ 21 22
Household Income: If you were given a task at the subject General
□ P 11, 000 – P 20, 000 □ Wait until the supposed due date
□ Sometimes □ Laziness
out
□ Fear of Failure
□ Others: specify
What is your Grade in the subject in General Mathematics during the first quarter of the
first semester?
□ Below 75 75 - 79
□ 80 – 84 85 – 89 90 – 100
34
Appendix B
F 19 1 3 1 3
F 19 2 3 2 Household 5
Chores
M 22 1 3 1 2
F 20 1 2 2 Household 1
Chores
M 20 3 1 1 5
F 16 2 2 2 Laziness 3
F 16 1 2 1 4
M 16 5 2 2 Laziness 4
M 16 2 2 2 Fear of Failure 4
M 16 1 3 1 3
F 17 1 2 2 Household 5
Chores
M 17 1 2 1 5
M 17 3 2 2 too much 4
workload
F 17 2 2 2 Laziness 4
F 17 3 1 2 too much 4
workload
M 17 3 1 2 too much 4
workload
M 17 4 3 1 4
M 17 1 2 1 4
M 17 2 3 1 4
M 17 2 2 1 4
M 17 1 2 2 Laziness 3
M 17 1 2 1 3
F 17 2 2 2 too much 2
workload
F 17 3 2 2 Laziness 2
F 18 5 2 2 too much 4
workload
M 18 2 3 2 Household 4
Chores
F 18 1 2 2 Household 4
Chores
M 18 5 1 1 4
F 18 1 2 2 Laziness 3
F 18 1 3 2 Laziness 3
M 18 4 2 2 too much 5
workload
F 18 3 2 2 Laziness 2
F 17 2 2 2 Laziness 2
F 17 3 2 1 2
36
F 17 5 1 1 1
M 17 1 2 2 too much 1
workload