Experiment Number 2 - 2
Experiment Number 2 - 2
Experiment No. 2
By
Cover Page 5
Plagiarism in results & discussion part must
Table of Content 5
Introduction
10
(Experiment objectives, theory, etc.) ± 5 marks, depending
be < 50%
Contents
on the nature of
Experiment Procedure & setup 20
department/lab
Data, Results & calculations 25
Heading 14 Bold 2
Formatting
Paragraph: Justified 2
Figures/Tables/Equations: Numbered,
10
Caption & Cited in text
Subtotal 20 Min. 12
Total 100
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................3
2.2. Procedure.............................................................................................................. 5
3. Results .................................................................................................................6
4. Discussion / Analysis..........................................................................................7
5. Conclusion ..........................................................................................................7
6. References...........................................................................................................8
1.1. Objectives
To understand Hydrostatic pressure and find center of pressure.
Pressure at centroid:
P=γh (1.1)
Where,
h = is the height from the surface to the centroid of the gate in milliammeter.
The center of pressure the point that the hydrostatic force affect:
I
Ycp = ȳ + ȳA (1.2)
Where,
ȳ = is the high from the centroid of panel gate to the surface (mm).
Fp = P A (1.3)
Where,
Where,
2
𝑦𝑐𝑝 = 3 𝑠 (1.5)
1
Fp= 2 𝜌𝑔𝑏𝑠 2 (1.6)
𝑧 𝑧2
𝑦𝑐𝑝 = 𝑠 − 2 + 𝑧 (1.7)
12(𝑠− )
2
𝑧
Fp= 𝜌𝑔 (𝑠 − 2) + 𝑏𝑧 (1.8)
In Figure 1 it shows the force and dimension from panel to surface in clearly way.
2.2. Procedure
➢ Set the water vessel (1) to an angle of a =0° using the detent (2). Shown in (figure 3).
➢ Mount the rider (6), set the lever arm on the scale (e.g.
l=240 mm).
➢ Counterbalance the unit with a rotating slider (3): The
stop pin (4) must be precisely in the middle of the hole
for this.
➢ Performing the Measurement: Top up with water until the
unit is balanced (stop pin (4) at center of hole) Figure 3: 𝐹𝑅 and where it’s act
➢ Determining the Centre of Pressure: At a water level s, below the 100 mm mark, the height
of the active surface changes with the water level. If the water level is above that mark, the
height of the active surface is always 100 mm.
3. Results
3.1. Observations
𝐵 = 75 𝑚𝑚 = 0.075 𝑚
𝑧 = 100 𝑚𝑚 = 0.1 𝑚
𝑔 = 9.81 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝜌 = 1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
3.2. Calculations
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑠 < 100 (𝑠 = 78 𝑚𝑚):
2 2
𝑦𝑐𝑝 = 𝑠 = (88𝑚𝑚) = 58.66666667𝑚𝑚
3 3
480 − 485.7036
% 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = | | × 100 = 1.174296%
480
ℎ2 1002
𝑦𝑐𝑝 = (𝑠 − 50) + ( ) = (110 − 50) + ( ) = 73.88888889 𝑚𝑚
12(𝑠 − 50) 12(110 − 50)
720 − 722.75
% 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = | | × 100 = 0.381944%
720
4. Discussion / Analysis
The proposed method was to evaluate the clockwise and counterclockwise moments and
see if they were equal. We noticed in the experiment that the more water we add the more wight
we need to establish the equilibrium balance for the stop pin, and two of our results showed that
water level is s>100 mm to establish the equilibrium. We find the error for s > 100mm is very low.
5. Conclusion
The center of pressure is affected by the depth of water, by increasing water level the center
of pressure increase, but the center of area is constant, so the difference between the two centers
is increasing with the increase of water level.