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PSAT 10 Student Packet

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PSAT 10 Student Packet

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Sophomore

PSAT Training
Packet

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the PSAT/NMQST?

The Preliminary SAT (PSAT) or The National Merit Qualifying Scholarship Test
(NMSQT) is a test that helps you practice for the SAT. For Juniors, the test enables
students to enter the National Merit Scholarship Corporation (NMSC) scholarship
program.

2. How many times can I take the test?

You can take the PSAT once a year in October as a sophomore and a junior.

3. What is the difference between the SAT and PSAT?

There are important differences between the two exams. First, the PSAT is shorter
than the SAT. Second, it does not include an essay question. Third, the PSAT does not
test more complex topics such as imaginary numbers or trigonometry.

4. How do I register for the PSAT?

All Mitty sophomores and juniors are automatically registered for the test. Check the
calendar for the specific date of the test in October.

5. Can I guess on the PSAT?

Yes. There is no penalty for wrong answers, so do not leave a PSAT question blank!

6. Do colleges care about my PSAT scores?

PSAT scores are NEVER used for college admissions. If you were recognized as a
Commended or National Merit Scholar, you can report the recognition on your
college applications.

7. How do I get my scores?

PSAT scores and test booklets will be mailed to students in January.

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Reading Test
60 M I NU TES, 4 7 QUESTIONS

Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

DIRECTIONS

Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions. After reading
each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question based on what is stated or
implied in the passage or passages and in any accompanying graphics (such as a table or
graph).

Questions 1-9 are based on the following passage. The real evils indeed of Emma’s situation were the
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................

This passage is adapted from Jane Austen, Emma, originally

power of having rather too much her own way, and a
published in 1815. 30 disposition to think a little too well of herself; these
were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her
Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at
with a comfortable home and happy disposition, present so unperceived, that they did not by any
seemed to unite some of the best blessings of means rank as misfortunes with her.
Line existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in 35 Sorrow came—a gentle sorrow—but not at
5 the world with very little to distress or vex her. all in the shape of any disagreeable
She was the youngest of the two daughters of a consciousness.—Miss Taylor married. It was
most affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief. It was on
consequence of her sister’s marriage, been mistress of the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma
his house from a very early period. Her mother had 40 first sat in mournful thought of any continuance.
10 died too long ago for her to have more than an The wedding over and the bride-people gone, her
indistinct remembrance of her caresses, and her father and herself were left to dine together, with no
place had been supplied by an excellent woman as prospect of a third to cheer a long evening. Her
governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as
affection. 45 usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what
15 Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in she had lost.
Mr. Woodhouse’s family, less as a governess than a The event had every promise of happiness for her
friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly friend. Mr. Weston was a man of unexceptionable
of Emma. Between them it was more the intimacy of character, easy fortune, suitable age and pleasant
sisters. Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold 50 manners; and there was some satisfaction in
20 the nominal office of governess, the mildness of her considering with what self-denying, generous
temper had hardly allowed her to impose any friendship she had always wished and promoted the
restraint; and the shadow of authority being now match; but it was a black morning’s work for her.
long passed away, they had been living together as The want of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of
friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma 55 every day. She recalled her past kindness—the
25 doing just what she liked; highly esteeming kindness, the affection of sixteen years—how she had
Miss Taylor’s judgment, but directed chiefly by taught and how she had played with her from five
her own. years old—how she had devoted all her powers to
attach and amuse her in health—and how nursed her
60 through the various illnesses of childhood. A large

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debt of gratitude was owing here; but the intercourse 2

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6 Questions 10-19 are based on the following

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage and supplementary material.
As used in line 54, “want” most nearly means
This passage is adapted from Marina Gorbis, The Nature of
A) desire. the Future: Dispatches from the Socialstructed World. ©2013
B) lack. by Marina Gorbis.
C) requirement. Visitors to the Soviet Union in the 1960s and
D) request. 1970s always marveled at the gap between what they
saw in state stores—shelves empty or filled with
Line things no one wanted—and what they saw in
7 5 people’s homes: nice furnishings and tables filled
with food. What filled the gap? A vast informal
It can most reasonably be inferred that after economy driven by human relationships, dense
Miss Taylor married, she had networks of social connections through which people
A) less patience with Mr. Woodhouse. traded resources and created value. The Soviet people
10 didn’t plot how they would build these networks. No
B) fewer interactions with Emma.
one was teaching them how to maximize their
C) more close friends than Emma. connections the way social marketers eagerly teach
D) an increased appreciation for Emma. us today. Their networks evolved naturally, out of
necessity; that was the only way to survive.
15 Today, all around the world, we are seeing
8 a new kind of network of relationship-driven
economics emerging, with individuals joining forces
Which choice provides the best evidence for the sometimes to fill the gaps left by existing
answer to the previous question? institutions—corporations, governments,
A) Line 37 (“Miss . . . married”) 20 educational establishments—and sometimes creating
B) Lines 47-48 (“The event . . . friend”) new products, services, and knowledge that no
institution is able to provide. Empowered by
C) Lines 60-65 (“A large . . . recollection”) computing and communication technologies that
D) Lines 73-79 (“How . . . solitude”) have been steadily building village-like networks on a
25 global scale, we are infusing more and more of our
economic transactions with social connectedness.
9 The new technologies are inherently social and
personal. They help us create communities around
Which situation is most similar to the one described
interests, identities, and common personal
in lines 83-91 (“The evil . . . time”)?
30 challenges. They allow us to gain direct access to a
A) A mother and her adult son have distinct tastes worldwide community of others. And they take
in art and music that result in repeated family anonymity out of our economic transactions. We can
arguments. assess those we don’t know by checking their
B) The differences between an older and a younger reputations as buyers and sellers on eBay or by
friend are magnified because the younger one is 35 following their Twitter streams. We can look up their
more active and athletic. friends on Facebook and watch their YouTube
videos. We can easily get people’s advice on where to
C) An older and a younger scientist remain close
find the best shoemaker in Brazil, the best
friends despite the fact that the older one’s work
is published more frequently.
D) The age difference between a high school student
and a college student becomes a problem even
though they enjoy the same diversions.

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programmer in India, and the best apple farmer in empowered with technologies and the collective

.....................................................................................................................................................................
40 our local community. We no longer have to rely on intelligence of others in their social network—can
bankers or venture capitalists as the only sources of take on many functions that previously only large
funding for our ideas. We can raise funds directly 70 organizations could perform, often more efficiently,
from individuals, most of whom we don’t even know, at lower cost or no cost at all, and with much greater
through websites that allow people to ease. Socialstructing is opening up a world of what
45 post descriptions of their projects and generate my colleagues Jacques Vallée and Bob Johansen
donations, investments, or loans. describe as the world of impossible futures, a world
We are moving away from the dominance of the 75 in which a large software firm can be displaced by
depersonalized world of institutional production and weekend software hackers, and rapidly orchestrated
creating a new economy around social connections social movements can bring down governments in a
50 and social rewards—a process I call socialstructing. matter of weeks. The changes are exciting and
Others have referred to this model of production as unpredictable. They threaten many established
social, commons-based, or peer-to-peer. Not only is 80 institutions and offer a wealth of opportunities for
this new social economy bringing with it an individuals to empower themselves, find rich new
unprecedented level of familiarity and connectedness connections, and tap into a fast-evolving set of new
55 to both our global and our local economic exchanges, resources in everything from health care to education
but it is also changing every domain of our lives, and science.
from finance to education and health. It is rapidly 85 Much has been written about how technology
ushering in a vast array of new opportunities for us distances us from the benefits of face-to-face
to pursue our passions, create new types of communication and quality social time. I think those
60 businesses and charitable organizations, redefine the are important concerns. But while the quality of our
nature of work, and address a wide range of face-to-face interactions is changing, the
problems that the prevailing formal economy has 90 countervailing force of socialstructing is connecting
neglected, if not caused. us at levels never seen before, opening up new
Socialstructing is in fact enabling not only a new opportunities to create, learn, and share.
65 kind of global economy but a new kind of society, in
which amplified individuals—individuals

The following graph, from a 2011 report from the International Data Corporation, projects trends in digital information use to 2015
(E=Estimated).

Global Digital Information

Created and Shared, 2005 2015E
8
Digital information created
and shared (zettabytes)

0
2005 2007 2009 2011 2013E 2015E
Note: 1 zettabyte = 1 trillion gigabytes

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10 14

13
17
As used in line 45, “post” most nearly means
A) publish. Which choice provides the best evidence for the
answer to the previous question?
B) transfer.
A) Lines 35-37 (“We can look . . . videos”)
C) assign.
B) Lines 74-76 (“a world . . . hackers”)
D) denounce.
C) Lines 79-84 (“They . . . science”)
D) Lines 85-87 (“Much . . . time”)

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18 19

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Questions 20-28 are based on the following Once a bear is under the tranquilizer’s influence

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage and supplementary material. (which takes about five minutes), the scientists have
This passage is adapted from Tina Hesman Saey, “Lessons
60 minutes max to get the animal from its den, weigh
from the Torpid.” ©2012 by Society for Science & the Public. 45 and measure it, draw blood samples and do minor
surgeries to collect fat and other tissues. The bear is
Understanding how hibernators, including returned to its den by minute 61.
ground squirrels, marmots and bears, survive their Precious materials collected during this
long winter’s naps may one day offer solutions for high-pressure encounter need to be analyzed within
Line problems such as heart disease, osteoporosis and 50 24 hours, so the researchers often test for levels of
5 muscular dystrophy. cholesterol or certain proteins in the blood while
Nearly everything about the way an animal’s body working in the snow or at a nearby research station.
works changes when it hibernates, and preparations A pilot sometimes flies samples from field sites to a
start weeks or months in advance. The first order of lab in Denmark in order to meet the deadline,
business is to fatten up. 55 Fröbert says. Samples such as bones and arteries that
10 “Fat is where it’s at for a hibernator,” says can’t be collected from live bears come from bears
Matthew Andrews, a molecular biologist at the killed by hunters during the legal hunting season.
University of Minnesota Duluth who studies 13-lined Recent analyses revealed that Scandinavian brown
ground squirrels. “You bring your own lunch with bears spend the summer with plasma cholesterol
you.” Packing lunch is necessary because the animals 60 levels considered high for humans; those values then
15 go on the world’s strictest diet during the winter, increase substantially for hibernation, Fröbert and
surviving entirely off their white fat. “They have their his colleagues reported. These “very, very fat” bears
last supper in October; they don’t eat again until with high cholesterol also get zero exercise during
March,” Andrews says. hibernation. Lolling about in the den pinches off
Bigger fat stores mean a greater chance of 65 blood vessels, contributing to sluggish circulation.
20 surviving until spring. “If they go in really chunky, “That cocktail would not be advisable in humans,”
nice and roly-poly, that’s going to be a good Fröbert says. It’s a recipe for hardened arteries,
hibernator,” he says. putting people at risk for heart attacks and strokes.
Bears also watch their waistlines expand in the Even healthy young adult humans can develop
months before settling in for the season. The brown 70 fatty streaks in their arteries that make the blood
25 bears cardiologist Ole Fröbert studies pack on the vessels less flexible, but the bears don’t build up such
pounds by chowing down on up to 40 kilograms of artery-hardening streaks. “Our bears, they had
blueberries a day. Such gluttony among humans nothing,” Fröbert says. It’s not yet clear how the
could have severe consequences: Obesity is bears keep their arteries flexible, but Fröbert hopes to
associated with a greater risk of heart attack and 75 find some protective molecule that could stave off
30 diabetes, among other ailments. hardened arteries in humans as well.
To see how fattening up affects Scandinavian
brown bears, Fröbert and his colleagues Total Plasma Cholesterol
ventured into the wilds of Sweden following signals in Seven Bears
541
given off by radio transmitters or GPS devices on
35 tagged bears.
Milligrams/deciliter

Bears can be dangerous close-up. Even

hibernating bears can rouse to action quickly, so
scientists tracking down bears in the winter use darts 387
to tranquilize the animals from a distance. Scientists
40 studying the bears in the summer tranquilize them
from a helicopter.
232
maximum desirable level for humans

hibernation active

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20 23

21
24
It is reasonable to conclude that the main goal of the
scientists conducting the research described in the As used in line 19, “stores” most nearly means
passage is to A) preservatives.
A) learn how the hibernation patterns of bears and B) reserves.
squirrels differ.
C) stacks.
B) determine the role that fat plays in hibernation.
D) shelters.
C) illustrate the important health benefits of
exercise for humans.
D) explore possible ways to prevent human diseases. 25
Based on the passage, what is Fröbert’s hypothesis
regarding why bears’ arteries do not harden during
22
hibernation?
Which choice provides the best evidence for the A) The bears’ increased plasma cholesterol causes
answer to the previous question? the arteries to be more flexible.
A) Lines 1-5 (“Understanding . . . dystrophy”) B) Sluggish circulation pinches off the blood vessels
B) Lines 10-13 (“Fat . . . squirrels”) rather than hardening the arteries.
C) Lines 31-35 (“To . . . bears”) C) Bears exercise in short, infrequent bursts during
D) Lines 42-46 (“Once . . . tissues”) hibernation, which staves off hardened arteries.
D) Bears possess a molecule that protects against
hardened arteries.

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26 28

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Questions 29-37 are based on the following the latter living with the master, and therefore

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage. subject to the same conditions. When these
This passage is from Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth," originally
40 apprentices rose to be masters, there was little or no
published in 1889. Arriving penniless in Pennsylvania from change in their mode of life, and they, in turn,
Scotland in 1848, Carnegie became one of the richest educated succeeding apprentices in the same routine.
people in the United States through the manufacture of There was, substantially, social equality, and even
steel. political equality, for those engaged in industrial
45 pursuits had then little or no voice in the State.
The problem of our age is the proper The inevitable result of such a mode of
administration of wealth, that the ties of brotherhood manufacture was crude articles at high prices. To-day
may still bind together the rich and poor in the world obtains commodities of excellent quality at
Line harmonious relationship. The conditions of human prices which even the preceding generation would
5 life have not only been changed, but revolutionized, 50 have deemed incredible. In the commercial world
within the past few hundred years. In former days similar causes have produced similar results, and the
there was little difference between the dwelling, race is benefited thereby. The poor enjoy what the
dress, food, and environment of the chief and those rich could not before afford. What were the luxuries
of his retainers. . . . The contrast between the palace have become the necessaries of life. The laborer has
10 of the millionaire and the cottage of the laborer with 55 now more comforts than the farmer had a few
us to-day measures the change which has come with generations ago. The farmer has more luxuries than
civilization. This change, however, is not to be the landlord had, and is more richly clad and better
deplored, but welcomed as highly beneficial. It is housed. The landlord has books and pictures rarer
well, nay, essential, for the progress of the race that and appointments more artistic than the king could
15 the houses of some should be homes for all that is 60 then obtain.
highest and best in literature and the arts, and for all The price we pay for this salutary change is, no
the refinements of civilization, rather than that none doubt, great. We assemble thousands of operatives in
should be so. Much better this great irregularity than the factory, and in the mine, of whom the employer
universal squalor. Without wealth there can be no can know little or nothing, and to whom he is little
20 Maecenas.* The “good old times” were not good old 65 better than a myth. All intercourse between them is
times. Neither master nor servant was as well at an end. Rigid castes are formed, and, as usual,
situated then as to-day. A relapse to old conditions mutual ignorance breeds mutual distrust. Each caste
would be disastrous to both—not the least so to him is without sympathy for the other, and ready to credit
who serves—and would sweep away civilization with anything disparaging in regard to it. Under the law of
25 it. But whether the change be for good or ill, it is 70 competition, the employer of thousands is forced
upon us, beyond our power to alter, and, therefore, into the strictest economies, among which the rates
to be accepted and made the best of. It is a waste of paid to labor figure prominently, and often there is
time to criticize the inevitable. friction between the employer and the employed,
It is easy to see how the change has come. between capital and labor, between rich and poor.
30 One illustration will serve for almost every phase of 75 Human society loses homogeneity.
the cause. In the manufacture of products we have The price which society pays for the law of
the whole story. It applies to all combinations of competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts
human industry, as stimulated and enlarged by the and luxuries, is also great; but the advantages of this
inventions of this scientific age. Formerly, articles law are also greater still than its cost—for it is to this
35 were manufactured at the domestic hearth, or in 80 law that we owe our wonderful material
small shops which formed part of the household. development, which brings improved conditions
The master and his apprentices worked side by side, in its train.
* Gaius Maecenas (70–8 B.C.E.) was a great patron of the arts.

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29 32

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36 37

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Questions 38-47 are based on the following destruction—that the trend has been called a sixth

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passages. 40 mass extinction, an event on par with such die-offs as
Passage 1 is adapted from Stewart Brand, “The Case for
the one that befell the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
Reviving Extinct Species.” ©2013 by the National A program to restore extinct species poses a risk of
Geographic Society. Passage 2 is adapted from the editors selling the public on a false promise that technology
at Scientific American, “Why Efforts to Bring Extinct Species alone can solve our ongoing environmental
Back from the Dead Miss the Point.” ©2013 by Nature 45 woes—an implicit assurance that if a species goes
America, Inc. away, we can snap our fingers and bring it back.
Passage 1 Already conservationists face difficult choices
Many extinct species—from the passenger pigeon about which species and ecosystems to try to save,
to the woolly mammoth—might now be reclassified since they cannot hope to rescue them all. Many
as “bodily, but not genetically, extinct.” They’re dead, 50 countries where poaching and trade in threatened
Line but their DNA is recoverable from museum species are rampant either do not want to give up the
5 specimens and fossils, even those up to 200,000 years revenue or lack the wherewithal to enforce their own
old. regulations. Against that backdrop, a costly and
Thanks to new developments in genetic flamboyant project to resuscitate extinct flora and
technology, that DNA may eventually bring the 55 fauna in the name of conservation looks
animals back to life. Only species whose DNA is too irresponsible: Should we resurrect the mammoth
10 old to be recovered, such as dinosaurs, are the ones only to let elephants go under? Of course not.
to consider totally extinct, bodily and genetically. That is not to say that the de-extinction enterprise
But why bring vanished creatures back to life? lacks merit altogether. Aspects of it could
It will be expensive and difficult. It will take decades. 60 conceivably help save endangered species.
It won’t always succeed. Why even try? For example, extinct versions of genes could be
15 Why do we take enormous trouble to protect reintroduced into species and subspecies that have
endangered species? The same reasons will apply to lost a dangerous amount of genetic diversity, such as
species brought back from extinction: to preserve the black-footed ferret and the northern white rhino.
biodiversity, to restore diminished ecosystems, to 65 Such investigations, however, should be conducted
advance the science of preventing extinctions, and to under the mantle of preserving modern biodiversity
20 undo harm that humans have caused in the past. rather than conjuring extinct species from the grave.
Furthermore, the prospect of de-extinction is
profound news. That something as irreversible and
final as extinction might be reversed is a stunning 38
realization. The imagination soars. Just the thought The author of Passage 1 suggests that the usefulness
25 of mammoths and passenger pigeons alive again of de-extinction technology may be limited by the
invokes the awe and wonder that drives all
conservation at its deepest level. A) amount of time scientists are able to devote to
genetic research.
Passage 2
B) relationship of an extinct species to
The idea of bringing back extinct species holds
contemporary ecosystems.
obvious gee-whiz appeal and a respite from a steady
30 stream of grim news. Yet with limited intellectual C) complexity of the DNA of an extinct species.
bandwidth and financial resources to go around, D) length of time that a species has been extinct.
de-extinction threatens to divert attention
from the modern biodiversity crisis. According to a
2012 report from the International Union for
35 Conservation of Nature, some 20,000 species are
currently in grave danger of going extinct.
Species today are vanishing in such great
numbers—many from hunting and habitat

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39 43

44
40
The reference to the “black-footed ferret and the
As used in line 27, “deepest” most nearly means northern white rhino” (line 64) serves mainly to
A) most engrossing. A) emphasize a key distinction between extinct and
B) most challenging. living species.
C) most extensive. B) account for types of animals whose numbers are
dwindling.
D) most fundamental.
C) provide examples of species whose gene pools
are compromised.
41 D) highlight instances of animals that have failed to
adapt to new habitats.
The authors of Passage 2 indicate that the matter of
shrinking biodiversity should primarily be
considered a
45
A) historical anomaly.
Which choice best states the relationship between the
B) global catastrophe. two passages?
C) scientific curiosity. A) Passage 2 attacks a political decision that
D) political problem. Passage 1 strongly advocates.
B) Passage 2 urges caution regarding a technology
that Passage 1 describes in favorable terms.
42
C) Passage 2 expands on the results of a research
Which choice provides the best evidence for the study mentioned in Passage 1.
answer to the previous question?
D) Passage 2 considers practical applications that
A) Lines 37-41 (“Species . . . ago”) could arise from a theory discussed in Passage 1.
B) Lines 42-45 (“A program . . . woes”)
C) Lines 53-56 (“Against . . . irresponsible”)
D) Lines 65-67 (“Such . . . grave”)

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46 47

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

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Writing and Language Test
35 M I NU TES, 4 4 QUESTIONS

Turn to Section 2 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

DIRECTIONS

Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you
will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For
other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in
sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by
one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising
and editing decisions.

Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will
direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.

After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively
improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the
conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a “NO CHANGE” option.
Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the
passage as it is.

Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage.

...................................................................................................................................

1
A) NO CHANGE
A Nod to Nodding Off B) see an annual loss of $63.2 billion each year
With 30 percent of United States workers not getting C) lose $63.2 billion annually
D) have a yearly loss of $63.2 billion annually
enough sleep at night, according to the Wall Street
Journal, US companies 1 lose a yearly sum of
$63.2 billion annually due to the drop in employee
productivity resulting from sleep deprivation.
Sleep-deprived workers generally have lower morale and
are less able to retain information than their better-rested
colleagues.

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[1] One of the 2 big reasons behind workers’ lack 2

5
To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 3
should be placed
A) where it is now.
B) before sentence 1.
C) after sentence 1.
D) after sentence 4.

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Such a proposition may seem counterintuitive, but, 6

7
Which choice provides a supporting example that
reinforces the main point of the sentence?
A) NO CHANGE
B) including a lower risk of cardiovascular
problems such as heart attack and stroke.
C) which are essential in an era of rising health care
costs.
D) in addition to making employees more efficient.

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Napping at work has already won corporate 8

Huffington Post Media Group have promoted napping B) but it benefits

C) as also to
9 throughout their workers and have been effusive
D) but also to
about the results. In light of the benefits not only to
employees’ efficiency 10 and again to their health and 11
sense of well-being, these executives’ enthusiasm is not The writer wants a concluding sentence that restates
the main argument of the passage. Which choice best
surprising. 11 These executives are among the most
accomplishes this goal?
successful leaders in their respective fields. A) NO CHANGE
B) Clearly, employers should consider reducing
employees’ hours when they are overworked.
C) Companies should consider employee schedules
carefully when implementing a napping policy.
D) More businesses should follow their lead and
embrace napping on the job.

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Questions 12-22 are based on the following passage 12

industry by pollinating crops. An October 2006 study

found that as much as one-third of global agriculture 13
A) NO CHANGE
depends on animal pollination, including honeybee
B) highlights the potentially disastrous effects
12 pollination—to increase crop output. The C) highlight the potentially disastrous effects
importance of bees 13 highlights the potentially D) highlight the potentially disastrous affects
disastrous affects of an emerging, unexplained crisis:
entire colonies of honeybees are dying off without 14
A) NO CHANGE
warning.
B) Known as colony
14 They know it as colony collapse disorder (CCD), C) It is known as colony
this phenomenon will have a detrimental impact on D) Colony
global agriculture if its causes and solutions are not
determined. Since the emergence of CCD around 2006, 15
Which choice offers the most accurate interpretation
bee mortality rates have 15 exceeded 25 percent of the
of the data in the chart?
population each winter. There was one sign of hope: A) NO CHANGE
during the 2010–2012 winter seasons, bee mortality rates B) been above the acceptable range.
C) not changed noticeably from year to year.
decreased slightly, and beekeepers speculated that the
D) greatly increased every year.
colonies would recover. Yet in the winter of 2012–2013,
the 16 portion of the bee population lost fell nearly
16
10 percent in the United States, with a loss of 31 percent Which choice offers an accurate interpretation of the
of the colonies that pollinate crops. data in the chart?
A) NO CHANGE
B) portion of bees lost was double what it had been
the previous year, rising to
C) number of losses, which had fallen within the
acceptable range the previous year, rose to
D) portion of total colonies lost rose almost 10
percentage points, with a loss of

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2 W1 2
Managed Honey Bee 17

introduces the writer’s discussion of studies of CCD

35% in this paragraph?
30% A) NO CHANGE
25% B) Bees are vanishing, and according to studies
20% there are several possible reasons for this trend.
15% C) Several possible reasons, offered by studies, may
10% explain why bees are vanishing.
acceptable range D) DELETE the underlined sentence.
5%
0%
07 008 009 010 011 012 013
20 2 2 2 2 2 2 18
0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 0 1 1 12
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 At this point, the writer is considering adding the
following sentence.
Winter seasons
Prolonged exposure to neonicotinoids has been
Adapted from Dennis van Engelsdorp et al., “Preliminary Results: Honey shown to increase bees’ vulnerability to disease
Bee Colony Losses in the United States, Winter 2012-2013.” ©2013 by the
Bee Informed Partnership.
and parasitic mites.
Should the writer make this addition here?
A) Yes, because it provides support for the claim
17 Studies have offered several possible reasons that made in the previous sentence.
bees are vanishing. One reason that is often cited is the B) Yes, because it introduces a new idea that will
become important later in the passage.
use of pesticides called neonicotinoids, which are
C) No, because it would be better placed elsewhere
absorbed by plants and linger much longer than do in the passage.
D) No, because it contradicts the main idea of the
topical pesticides. 18 Chemicals such as herbicides and
passage.
fungicides may also play a role, contaminating the pollen
that bees typically feed on and inhibiting healthy insect
maturation.

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2 W1 2
Given the role that honeybees play in agriculture, the 19

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2 W1 2
Questions 23-33 are based on the following passage. 23

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2 W1 2
27 Nature has been around forever. First-century 27

29
A) NO CHANGE
B) almanacs’s
C) almanac’s
D) almanacs’

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2 W1 2
Lunar farming has its 30 skeptics, who are not sure 30

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2 W1 2
Questions 34 -44 are based on the following passage. 34

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2 W1 2
This all started to change in 2012, when the 38

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2 W1 2
[1] The library is working hard to publicize the 42

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

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3 M1 3
Math Test – No Calculator
25 M I NU TES, 1 7 QUESTIONS

Turn to Section 3 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

For questions 1-13, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices provided,
and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 14-17, solve the
problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to the
directions before to enter your answers in the grid. You may use any
available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.

2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for
which f(x) is a real number.

!
r c 2x 60 s 45 s√2
w h b x
30 45
b a x√3 s
A = pr 2 A = !w 1
A = bh c 2 = a2 + b 2 Special Right Triangles
2
C = 2pr

h r r h h
h
w r w
! !
V = !wh V = pr 2h 4
V = pr 3
1
V = pr 2h V = 1 !wh
3 3 3
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2p.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

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3 M1 3
1 3

 232 224 
C)  , 
 3 3 

D) (288, 536)
2
3(x + y ) = y

If (x, y ) is a solution to the equation above and

x
y ≠ 0, what is the ratio ?
y
4
A) −
3
2
B) −
3
1
C)
3
2
D)
3

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3 M1 3
4 6

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3 M1 3
8 10

s
B) − st
9 t

A truck enters a stretch of road that drops 4 meters s2

in elevation for every 100 meters along the length of C) −s
t
the road. The road is at 1,300 meters elevation where
the truck entered, and the truck is traveling at s2 s
16 meters per second along the road. What is the D) − 2
t t
elevation of the road, in meters, at the point where
the truck passes t seconds after entering the road?
A) 1,300 − 0.04t
B) 1,300 − 0.64t
C) 1,300 − 4t
D) 1,300 − 16t

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3 M1 3
12 13

..................................................................................
p(x ) = 3(x 2 + 10x + 5) − 5(x − k ) In the xy-plane, if the parabola with equation
In the polynomial p(x ) defined above, k is a y = ax 2 + bx + c , where a, b, and c are constants,
constant. If p(x ) is divisible by x, what is the value passes through the point (−1, 1), which of the
of k ? following must be true?
A) −3 A) a − b = 1
B) −2 B) − b + c = 1
C) 0 C) a + b + c = 1
D) 3 D) a − b + c = 1

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3 M1 3
7
Answer: 12 Answer: 2.5
DIRECTIONS
Write
solve the problem and answer 7 / 12 2 . 5
enter your answer in the grid, as described in boxes. / / Fraction / /
below, on the answer sheet. line
. . . . . . . . Decimal
0 0 0 0 0 0 point

1. Although not required, it is suggested that 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

you write your answer in the boxes at the top 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
of the columns to help you fill in the circles Grid in 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
accurately. You will receive credit only if the result. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
circles are filled in correctly. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2. Mark no more than one circle in any column. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
3. No question has a negative answer. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
4. Some problems may have more than one 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
correct answer. In such cases, grid only one 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
answer.
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 1 must be gridded 2
Acceptable ways to grid 3 are:
2
as 3.5 or 7/2. (If 3 1 / 2 is entered into the
/ / 2 / 3 . 666 . 667
grid, it will be interpreted as 31 , not 3 1 .) / / / / / /
2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a decimal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
answer with more digits than the grid can 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
accommodate, it may be either rounded or 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
truncated, but it must fill the entire grid.
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Answer: 201 – either position is correct
NOTE: You
201 201 may start your
/ / / / answers in any
column, space
. . . . .. . .
permitting.
0 0 0 0 0 0 Columns you
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 don’t need to
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 use should be
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 left blank.

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3 M1 3
14 16

15
What is the value of a if (2a + 3) − (4a − 8) = 7 ?
17

If x − 2 is a factor of x 2 − bx + b, where b is a
constant, what is the value of b ?

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

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4 M2 4
Math Test – Calculator
45 M I NU TES, 3 1 QUESTIONS

Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

For questions 1-27, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 28-31
solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet.
to the directions before question 28 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may
use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

1. The use of a calculator is permitted.

!
r c 2x 60 s 45 s√2
w h b x
30 45
b a x√3 s
A = pr 2 A = !w 1
A = bh c 2 = a2 + b 2 Special Right Triangles
2
C = 2pr

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4 M2 4
1 3

Rainfall (inches)
month in which she spends x hours playing
4
premium games?
3
A) C(x ) = 5.25x
2
B) C(x ) = 5x + 0.25 1
C) C(x ) = 5 + 0.25x 0
Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
D) C(x ) = 5 + 25x
Month

The line graph above shows the monthly rainfall

from March to October last year in Chestnut City.
According to the graph, what was the greatest change
(in absolute value) in the monthly rainfall between
two consecutive months?
2
A) 1.5 inches
A grocery store sells a brand of juice in individual
B) 2.0 inches
bottles and in packs of 6 bottles. On a certain day,
the store sold a total of 281 bottles of the brand of C) 2.5 inches
juice, of which 29 were sold as individual bottles. D) 3.5 inches
Which equation shows the number of packs of
bottles, p, sold that day?
281 − 29
A) p =
6
281 + 29
B) p =
6
281
C) p = − 29
6
281
D) p = + 29
6

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4 M2 4
4 6

D) = 2P − 2w

7
A car traveled at an average speed of 80 miles per
hour for 3 hours and consumed fuel at a rate of 34
miles per gallon. Approximately how many gallons
5 of fuel did the car use for the entire 3-hour trip?

Which ordered pair (x, y ) satisfies the system of A) 2

equations shown below? B) 3
2x − y = 6 C) 6
x + 2y = −2 D) 7
A) (−6, 2)
B) (−2, 2)
C) (2, −2)
D) (4, 2)

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4 M2 4
8 10

C) 1

3
D)
2
11
110x + y = 1,210
A coffee shop is running a promotion where a
number of free coffee samples are given away each
day. The equation above can be used to model the
9 number of free coffee samples, y, that remain to be
Dimensions of Envelopes given away x days after the promotion began. What
14 does it mean that (11, 0) is a solution to this
12 equation?
Height (inches)

10
8 A) During the promotion, 11 samples are given
6 away each day.
4 B) It takes 11 days during the promotion to see
2 1,210 customers.
0 C) It takes 11 days during the promotion until none
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
of the samples are remaining.
Width (inches)
D) There are 11 samples available at the start of the
promotion.
The scatterplot above shows the widths and the
heights of 12 types of rectangular envelopes. What is
the width, in inches, of the envelope represented by
the data point that is farthest from the line of best fit
(not shown) ?
A) 2
B) 5
C) 7
D) 12

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4 M2 4
12 13

Frequency
variable, and vice versa.) 8
y 6
A)
4
10 2
0
x 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150
O 10
Height of pyramid (meters)

B) y The histogram above shows the distribution of the

heights, in meters, of 26 pyramids in Egypt. Which
of the following could be the median height of the
10
26 pyramids represented in the histogram?
x
O 10 A) 44 meters
B) 48 meters
C) y C) 63 meters
D) 77 meters
10
x
O 10

D) y

10
x
O 10

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4 M2 4
▼ 16

▲
14
Which of the following is closest to the percent of
those surveyed who had a summer job?
A) 22%
B) 35%
C) 47%
D) 53%

15
In 2012 the total population of individuals in the
United States who were between 14 and 17 years old
(inclusive) was about 17 million. If the survey results
are used to estimate information about summer
employment of teenagers across the country, which
of the following is the best estimate of the total
number of individuals between 16 and 17 years old in
the United States who had a summer job in 2012 ?
A) 8,200,000
B) 3,900,000
C) 2,000,000
D) 390,000

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4 M2 4
17 18

25
20 A D
15 E
10
5
In quadrilateral ABCD above, BC is parallel to AD ,
0
A B C D E and AB = CD . If BC and AD were each doubled and
Food products BE was reduced by 50 percent, how would the area of
ABCD change?
The graph above shows the amount of protein A) The area of ABCD would be decreased by
supplied by five different food products, A, B, C, D, 50 percent.
and E, as a percentage of their total weights. The
B) The area of ABCD would be increased by
costs of 10 grams of products A, B, C, D, and E are
50 percent.
$2.00, $2.20, $2.50, $4.00, and $5.00, respectively.
Which of the five food products supplies the most C) The area of ABCD would not change.
protein per dollar? D) The area of ABCD would be multiplied by 2.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) E

19
Boyd grows only tomatoes and raspberries in his
garden. Last year, he grew 140 pounds of tomatoes
and 60 pounds of raspberries. This year, the
production, by weight, of tomatoes declined by
20 percent, and the production, by weight, of
raspberries declined by 50 percent. By what
percentage did the total yield, by weight, of
Boyd’s garden decline?
A) 29 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 35 percent
D) 70 percent

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4 M2 4
20 21

3 4
Frequency

2 2
1
x
4 2 O 2 4 6
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2
Integers

The graph above shows the frequency distribution of What is the minimum value of the function graphed
a list of randomly generated integers between 0 and on the xy-plane above, for −4 ≤ x ≤ 6 ?
10. What is the mean of the list of numbers? A) −∞
A) 3.0 B) −4
B) 3.5 C) −2
C) 4.25 D) 1
D) 12.0

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4 M2 4
▼ 23

500
Galaxy Q
0
24
500
0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Based on the model, what is the velocity, in
Distance (Mpc) kilometers per second, of a galaxy that is 15 Mpc
from Earth?
A) 7,500 km/s
Hubble’s data can be modeled by the equation v = 500d,
B) 5,000 km/s
where v is the velocity, in kilometers per second, at
C) 1,100 km/s
which the galaxy is moving away from Earth and d is the
D) 750 km/s
distance, in megaparsecs, of the galaxy from Earth.
Assume that the relationship is valid for larger distances
than are shown in the graph. (A megaparsec (Mpc) is ▲
3.1 × 1019 kilometers.)

22
According to Hubble’s data, how fast, in meters per
second, is Galaxy Q moving away from Earth?

A) 2 × 106 m/s
B) 5 × 105 m/s
C) 5 × 102 m/s
D) 2.5 × 102 m/s

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4 M2 4
25 27

section S

26 A system of inequalities and a graph are shown

above. Which section or sections of the graph could
B represent all of the solutions to the system?
A) Section R
a B) Sections Q and S
C) Sections Q and P
A C D) Sections Q, R, and S
b

Given the right triangle ABC above, which of the

b
following is equal to ?
a
A) sin A
B) sin B
C) tan A
D) tan B

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4 M2 4
7
Answer: 12 Answer: 2.5
DIRECTIONS
Write
For questions 28-31, solve the problem and answer 7 / 12 2 . 5
enter your answer in the grid, as described in boxes. / / Fraction / /
below, on the answer sheet. line
. . . . . . . . Decimal
0 0 0 0 0 0 point

1. Although not required, it is suggested that 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

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4 M2 4
28 29

..............................................................................................................................
y In a college archaeology class, 78 students are going
(4, 19) to a dig site to find and study artifacts. The dig site
has been divided into 24 sections, and each section
(v, w)
will be studied by a group of either 2 or 4 students.
How many of the sections will be studied by a group
(0, 3) of 2 students?
x
(2, 1)
(0, 9)

The xy-plane above shows one of the two points of

intersection of the graphs of a linear function and a
quadratic function. The shown point of intersection
has coordinates (v, w ) . If the vertex of the graph of
the quadratic function is at (4, 19), what is the value
of v ?

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4 M2 4
▼ 31

h = v0t 1 gt2
(position time) ▲
2
v 2 = v02 2gh (position speed)

An arrow is launched upward with an initial speed of 100

meters per second (m/s). The equations above describe
the constant-acceleration motion of the arrow, where v0
is the initial speed of the arrow, v is the speed of the
arrow as it is moving up in the air, h is the height of the
arrow above the ground, t is the time elapsed since the
arrow was projected upward, and g is the acceleration
due to gravity (9.8 m/s2).

30
What is the maximum height from the ground the
arrow will rise to the nearest meter?

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 52 51

Reading(
Test(

52
PSAT%Reading%Test%
%
Time%Allotted% 60%minutes%(SAT%65)%
Total%Questions% 47%(SAT%52)%
% %
% %
Passage%Content% %
U.S.%and%World%Literature% 1%passage;%9%questions%
History%and%Social%Studies% 2%passages,%or%1%passage%and%I%pair;%
9L10%questions%
Science% 2%passages,%or%1%passage%and%I%pair;%
9L10%questions%
Graphs% 1L2%Graphics%in%1%History/Social%Studies%and%in%1%
Science%passage%
Types%of%Questions% %
Information%and%Ideas% Determining%explicit%and%implicit%meaning%
30%questions%est.% Citing%textual%evidence%
Determining%central%ideas%and%themes%
Summarizing%
Understanding%relationships%
Interpreting%words%and%phrases%in%context%
%
Information%and%Ideas:% What%choice%best%summarizes…%
Questions%Stems% The%narrator/author%indicates/implies/suggests…%
As%used%in%line%25,%“%%%“%most%nearly%means…%
It%can%be%inferred…%
Which%situation%is%most%similar…%
It%is%reasonable%to%conclude…%
Based%on%the%passage…%
The%author’s%main%point…%
Note:%
The%following%question%stem%will%often%follow%any%
one%of%the%above%stems,%creating%a%double%threat:%
%
What%choice%provides%the%best%evidence%to%the%previous%
question?%
% %
There%will%usually%be%two%of%the%above%stem%
questions%per%passage.%

53
Rhetoric% Analyzing%word%choice%
10%questions%est.% Analyzing%text%structure%
Analyzing%point%of%view%
Analyzing%purpose%
Analyzing%arguments%
%
Rhetoric% The%main%purpose%of%the%passage…%
Questions%stems% The%reference%to%the%……%primarily%serves%to……%
% The%passage%primarily%serves%to%…%
The%author%recognizes%counterarguments…by…%
What%main%effects%do%the….have%on%the%tone…%
What%choice%best%describes%the%structure%of%the%
….paragraph?%
The%author%uses….as%examples%of…%
%
% %
Synthesis% Analyzing%multiple%texts%
7%questions%est.% Analyzing%quantitative%information%(tables,%charts,%
% graphs)%
%
Synthesis% Which%statement%best%summarizes%the%information%
Questions%stems% presented%in%the%graph/table/chart.%
%
According%the%graph,%which%statement….%
What%information%discussed%in%…%is%represented%by%the%
graph?%
What%choice%best%states%the%relationship%between%the%
two%passages?%
How%would%Author%1%respond%to%Author%2?%
%
%
% %

54
Reading Comprehension Strategies
• Scan the questions and note those that direct you to specific passages.
• Read the passage carefully and thoroughly.
• When you are ready to answer the questions, do not use outside knowledge.
Only use information located in the passage, and eliminate any answers that
cannot be directly supported by the text.
• For charts, graphs, and tables, note the title, how the axis are labeled, and any
correlations.
• If you are unfamiliar with a vocabulary word, use the context of the reading and
root words or suffixes to make an educated guess.
• As you read, underline/highlight key points (see below)
o The actual information presented. Question stems:
Based on the passage……
The author’s main point…..
The narrator/author indicates/implies/suggests……..
It is reasonable to conclude...
o How the information is presented- written, tables, graphs. Question
stems:
According to the graph, which statement………
What information discussed in…… is presented by the graph?
How would Author 1 respond to Author 2?
o Primary purpose of the passage. Question stems:
The main purpose of the passage…
The author uses...as examples of…

• The redesigned SAT uses follow-up questions. These questions require you to
identify the precise text selection that supports your answer to the previous
problem. In other words, you will be expected to provide evidence that supports
your claims.

55
History%and%%
Social%Studies%
%
% %

56
1 H3 1
Questions 11-21 are based on the following 45 There is yet another approach: instead of rooting

..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage and supplementary material. ethics in character or the consequences of actions, we
This passage is adapted from Iain King, “Can Economics Be
can focus on our actions themselves. From this
Ethical?” ©2013 by Prospect Publishing. perspective some things are right, some wrong—we
should buy fair trade goods, we shouldn’t tell lies in
Recent debates about the economy have 50 advertisements. Ethics becomes a list of
rediscovered the question, “is that right?”, where commandments, a catalog of “dos” and “don’ts.”
“right” means more than just profits or efficiency. When a finance official refuses to devalue a currency
Line Some argue that because the free markets allow because they have promised not to, they are defining
5 for personal choice, they are already ethical. Others ethics this way. According to this approach
have accepted the ethical critique and embraced 55 devaluation can still be bad, even if it would make
corporate social responsibility. But before we can everybody better off.
label any market outcome as “immoral,” or sneer at Many moral dilemmas arise when these three
economists who try to put a price on being ethical, versions pull in different directions but clashes are
10 we need to be clear on what we are talking about. not inevitable. Take fair trade coffee (coffee that is
There are different views on where ethics should 60 sold with a certification that indicates the farmers
apply when someone makes an economic decision. and workers who produced it were paid a fair wage),
Consider Adam Smith, widely regarded as the for example: buying it might have good
founder of modern economics. He was a moral consequences, be virtuous, and also be the right way
15 philosopher who believed sympathy for others was to act in a flawed market. Common ground like this
the basis for ethics (we would call it empathy 65 suggests that, even without agreement on where
nowadays). But one of his key insights in The Wealth ethics applies, ethical economics is still possible.
of Nations was that acting on this empathy could be Whenever we feel queasy about “perfect”
counter-productive—he observed people becoming competitive markets, the problem is often rooted in a
20 better off when they put their own empathy aside, phony conception of people. The model of man on
and interacted in a self-interested way. Smith justifies 70 which classical economics is based—an entirely
selfish behavior by the outcome. Whenever planners rational and selfish being—is a parody, as
use cost-benefit analysis to justify a new railway line, John Stuart Mill, the philosopher who pioneered the
or someone retrains to boost his or her earning model, accepted. Most people—even economists—
25 power, or a shopper buys one to get one free, they are now accept that this “economic man” is a fiction.
using the same approach: empathizing with 75 We behave like a herd; we fear losses more than we
someone, and seeking an outcome that makes that hope for gains; rarely can our brains process all the
person as well off as possible—although the person relevant facts.
they are empathizing with may be themselves in the These human quirks mean we can never make
30 future. purely “rational” decisions. A new wave of behavioral
Instead of judging consequences, Aristotle 80 economists, aided by neuroscientists, is trying to
said ethics was about having the right understand our psychology, both alone and in
character—displaying virtues like courage and groups, so they can anticipate our decisions in the
honesty. It is a view put into practice whenever marketplace more accurately. But psychology can
35 business leaders are chosen for their good character. also help us understand why we react in disgust at
But it is a hard philosophy to teach—just how much 85 economic injustice, or accept a moral law as
loyalty should you show to a manufacturer that keeps universal. Which means that the relatively new
losing money? Show too little and you’re a “greed is science of human behavior might also define ethics
good” corporate raider; too much and you’re wasting for us. Ethical economics would then emerge from
40 money on unproductive capital. Aristotle thought one of the least likely places: economists themselves.
there was a golden mean between the two extremes,
and finding it was a matter of fine judgment. But if
ethics is about character, it’s not clear what those
characteristics should be.

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Regular Coffee Profits
Compared to Fair Trade Coffee
Profits in Tanzania
160
Amount (US cents per lb)

140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Year
fair trade coffee
regular coffee

Adapted from the Fair Trade Vancouver website.

11 12
....................................................................................................................................................................

The main purpose of the passage is to In the passage, the author anticipates which of the
A) consider an ethical dilemma posed by following objections to criticizing the ethics of free
cost-benefit analysis. markets?
B) describe a psychology study of ethical economic A) Smith’s association of free markets with ethical
behavior. behavior still applies today.
C) argue that the free market prohibits ethical B) Free markets are the best way to generate high
economics. profits, so ethics are a secondary consideration.
D) examine ways of evaluating the ethics of C) Free markets are ethical because they are made
economics. possible by devalued currency.
D) Free markets are ethical because they enable
individuals to make choices.

13
Which choice provides the best evidence for the
answer to the previous question?
A) Lines 4-5 (“Some . . . ethical”)
B) Lines 7-10 (“But . . . about”)
C) Lines 21-22 (“Smith . . . outcome”)
D) Lines 52-54 (“When . . . way”)

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14 18

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21 Questions 22-32 are based on the following

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1 H4 1
31 Questions 32-41 are based on the following

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1 H4 1
Passage 2 32

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1 H4 1
36 39

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Science%
%
% %

64
1 S3 1
Questions 22-31 are based on the following long molecule many different permutations are

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passage and supplementary material. possible, and it therefore seems likely that the precise
This passage is adapted from J. D. Watson and F. H. C. Crick,
sequence of bases is the code which carries the
“Genetical Implications of the Structure of Deoxyribonucleic 45 genetical information. If the actual order of the bases
Acid.” ©1953 by Nature Publishing Group. Watson and Crick on one of the pair of chains were given, one could
deduced the structure of DNA using evidence from Rosalind write down the exact order of the bases on the other
Franklin and R. G. Gosling’s X-ray crystallography diagrams one, because of the specific pairing. Thus one chain
of DNA and from Erwin Chargaff’s data on the base is, as it were, the complement of the other, and it is
composition of DNA. 50 this feature which suggests how the deoxyribonucleic
The chemical formula of deoxyribonucleic acid acid molecule might duplicate itself.
(DNA) is now well established. The molecule is a The table shows, for various organisms, the percentage of
very long chain, the backbone of which consists of a each of the four types of nitrogenous bases in that
Line regular alternation of sugar and phosphate groups. organism’s DNA.
5 To each sugar is attached a nitrogenous base, which
can be of four different types. Two of the possible Base Composition of DNA
bases—adenine and guanine—are purines, and the
other two—thymine and cytosine—are pyrimidines. Percentage of base
So far as is known, the sequence of bases along the
in organisms DNA
10 chain is irregular. The monomer unit, consisting of
phosphate, sugar and base, is known as a nucleotide. Organism adenine guanine cytosine thymine
The first feature of our structure which is of (%) (%) (%) (%)
biological interest is that it consists not of one chain,
but of two. These two chains are both coiled around Maize 26.8 22.8 23.2 27.2
15 a common fiber axis. It has often been assumed that Octopus 33.2 17.6 17.6 31.6
since there was only one chain in the chemical
Chicken 28.0 22.0 21.6 28.4
formula there would only be one in the structural
unit. However, the density, taken with the X-ray Rat 28.6 21.4 20.5 28.4
evidence, suggests very strongly that there are two. Human 29.3 20.7 20.0 30.0
20 The other biologically important feature is the
manner in which the two chains are held together. Grasshopper 29.3 20.5 20.7 29.3
This is done by hydrogen bonds between the bases. Sea urchin 32.8 17.7 17.3 32.1
The bases are joined together in pairs, a single base
Wheat 27.3 22.7 22.8 27.1
from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single
25 base from the other. The important point is that only Yeast 31.3 18.7 17.1 32.9
certain pairs of bases will fit into the structure. E. coli 24.7 26.0 25.7 23.6
One member of a pair must be a purine and the other
a pyrimidine in order to bridge between the two Adapted from Manju Bansal, “DNA Structure: Revisiting the
chains. If a pair consisted of two purines, for Watson-Crick Double Helix.” ©2003 by Current Science Association,
30 example, there would not be room for it. Bangalore.
We believe that the bases will be present almost
entirely in their most probable forms. If this is true,
the conditions for forming hydrogen bonds are more
restrictive, and the only pairs of bases possible are:
35 adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine.
Adenine, for example, can occur on either chain; but
when it does, its partner on the other chain must
always be thymine.
The phosphate-sugar backbone of our model is
40 completely regular, but any sequence of the pairs of
bases can fit into the structure. It follows that in a

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65 CO NTI N U E
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22 25

23 26
A student claims that nitrogenous bases pair Based on the passage, the authors’ statement “If a
randomly with one another. Which of the following pair consisted of two purines, for example, there
statements in the passage contradicts the student’s would not be room for it” (lines 29-30) implies that a
claim? pair
A) Lines 5-6 (“To each . . . types”) A) of purines would be larger than the space
B) Lines 9-10 (“So far . . . irregular”) between a sugar and a phosphate group.
C) Lines 23-25 (“The bases . . . other”) B) of purines would be larger than a pair consisting
of a purine and a pyrimidine.
D) Lines 27-29 (“One member . . . chains”)
C) of pyrimidines would be larger than a pair of
purines.
24 D) consisting of a purine and a pyrimidine would be
larger than a pair of pyrimidines.
In the second paragraph (lines 12-19), what do the
authors claim to be a feature of biological interest?
A) The chemical formula of DNA 27
B) The common fiber axis The authors’ use of the words “exact,” “specific,” and
C) The X-ray evidence “complement” in lines 47-49 in the final paragraph
D) DNA consisting of two chains functions mainly to
A) confirm that the nucleotide sequences are known
for most molecules of DNA.
B) counter the claim that the sequences of bases
along a chain can occur in any order.
C) support the claim that the phosphate-sugar
backbone of the authors’ model is completely
regular.
D) emphasize how one chain of DNA may serve as a
template to be copied during DNA replication.

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28 30

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1 S4 1
Questions 42-52 are based on the following Companies are eyeing the iron, silicon, and

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
passages. aluminium in lunar soil and asteroids, which could
Passage 1 is adapted from Michael Slezak, “Space Mining:
be used in 3D printers to make spare parts or
the Next Gold Rush?” ©2013 by New Scientist. Passage 2 is machinery. Others want to turn space dirt into
from the editors of New Scientist, “Taming the Final 45 concrete for landing pads, shelters, and roads.
Frontier.” ©2013 by New Scientist. Passage 2
Passage 1 The motivation for deep-space travel is shifting
Follow the money and you will end up in space. from discovery to economics. The past year has seen
That’s the message from a first-of-its-kind forum on a flurry of proposals aimed at bringing celestial riches
mining beyond Earth. down to Earth. No doubt this will make a few
Line Convened in Sydney by the Australian Centre for 50 billionaires even wealthier, but we all stand to gain:
5 Space Engineering Research, the event brought the mineral bounty and spin-off technologies could
together mining companies, robotics experts, lunar enrich us all.
scientists, and government agencies that are all But before the miners start firing up their rockets,
working to make space mining a reality. we should pause for thought. At first glance, space
The forum comes hot on the heels of the 55 mining seems to sidestep most environmental
10 2012 unveiling of two private asteroid-mining firms. concerns: there is (probably!) no life on asteroids,
Planetary Resources of Washington says it will and thus no habitats to trash. But its consequences
launch its first prospecting telescopes in two years, —both here on Earth and in space—merit careful
while Deep Space Industries of Virginia hopes to be consideration.
harvesting metals from asteroids by 2020. Another 60 Part of this is about principles. Some will argue
15 commercial venture that sprung up in 2012, that space’s “magnificent desolation” is not ours to
Golden Spike of Colorado, will be offering trips to despoil, just as they argue that our own planet’s poles
the moon, including to potential lunar miners. should remain pristine. Others will suggest that
Within a few decades, these firms may be glutting ourselves on space’s riches is not an
meeting earthly demands for precious metals, such as 65 acceptable alternative to developing more sustainable
20 platinum and gold, and the rare earth elements vital ways of earthly life.
for personal electronics, such as yttrium and History suggests that those will be hard lines to
lanthanum. But like the gold rush pioneers who hold, and it may be difficult to persuade the public
transformed the western United States, the first space that such barren environments are worth preserving.
miners won’t just enrich themselves. They also hope 70 After all, they exist in vast abundance, and even
25 to build an off-planet economy free of any bonds fewer people will experience them than have walked
with Earth, in which the materials extracted and through Antarctica’s icy landscapes.
processed from the moon and asteroids are delivered There’s also the emerging off-world economy to
for space-based projects. consider. The resources that are valuable in orbit and
In this scenario, water mined from other 75 beyond may be very different to those we prize on
30 worlds could become the most desired commodity. Earth. Questions of their stewardship have barely
“In the desert, what’s worth more: a kilogram of gold been broached—and the relevant legal and regulatory
or a kilogram of water?” asks Kris Zacny of framework is fragmentary, to put it mildly.
HoneyBee Robotics in New York. “Gold is useless. Space miners, like their earthly counterparts, are
Water will let you live.” 80 often reluctant to engage with such questions.
35 Water ice from the moon’s poles could be sent to One speaker at last week’s space-mining forum in
astronauts on the International Space Station for Sydney, Australia, concluded with a plea that
drinking or as a radiation shield. Splitting water into regulation should be avoided. But miners have much
oxygen and hydrogen makes spacecraft fuel, so to gain from a broad agreement on the for-profit
ice-rich asteroids could become interplanetary 85 exploitation of space. Without consensus, claims will
40 refuelling stations. be disputed, investments risky, and the gains made
insecure. It is in all of our long-term interests to seek
one out.

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42 46

43 47
The author of Passage 1 indicates that space mining The central claim of Passage 2 is that space mining
could have which positive effect? has positive potential but
A) It could yield materials important to Earth’s A) it will end up encouraging humanity’s reckless
economy. treatment of the environment.
B) It could raise the value of some precious metals B) its effects should be thoughtfully considered
on Earth. before it becomes a reality.
C) It could create unanticipated technological C) such potential may not include replenishing key
innovations. resources that are disappearing on Earth.
D) It could change scientists’ understanding of D) experts disagree about the commercial viability
space resources. of the discoveries it could yield.

44 48
Which choice provides the best evidence for the As used in line 68, “hold” most nearly means
answer to the previous question? A) maintain.
A) Lines 18-22 (“Within . . . lanthanum”) B) grip.
B) Lines 24-28 (“They . . . projects”) C) restrain.
C) Lines 29-30 (“In this . . . commodity”) D) withstand.
D) Lines 41-44 (“Companies . . . machinery”)

45
As used in line 19, “demands” most nearly means
A) offers.
B) claims.
C) inquiries.
D) desires.

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49 51

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

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16
U.S/%World%Literature%
%
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1 L2 1
Reading Test
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONS

Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

DIRECTIONS

Questions 1-10 are based on the following Akira was waiting in the entry. He was in his early
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................

passage. twenties, slim and serious, wearing the black

This passage is from Lydia Minatoya, The Strangeness of
25 military-style uniform of a student. As he
Beauty. ©1999 by Lydia Minatoya. The setting is Japan in bowed—his hands hanging straight down, a
1920. Chie and her daughter Naomi are members of the black cap in one, a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the
House of Fuji, a noble family. other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening
surface of the courtyard’s rain-drenched paving
Akira came directly, breaking all tradition. Was 30 stones, she saw his reflection like a dark double.
that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his “Madame,” said Akira, “forgive my disruption,
mother to speak to his father to approach a but I come with a matter of urgency.”
Line go-between—would Chie have been more receptive? His voice was soft, refined. He straightened and
5 He came on a winter’s eve. He pounded on the stole a deferential peek at her face.
door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda, 35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity.
so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid Chie felt herself starting to like him.
knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps, “Come inside, get out of this nasty night. Surely
the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a your business can wait for a moment or two.”
10 calling card to the drawing room, for Chie. “I don’t want to trouble you. Normally I would
Chie was reluctant to go to her guest; perhaps she 40 approach you more properly but I’ve received word
was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at of a position. I’ve an opportunity to go to America, as
a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt dentist for Seattle’s Japanese community.”
spread over the sides of the table so their legs were “Congratulations,” Chie said with amusement.
15 tucked inside with the heat. “That is an opportunity, I’m sure. But how am I
“Who is it at this hour, in this weather?” Chie 45 involved?”
questioned as she picked the name card off the Even noting Naomi’s breathless reaction to the
maid’s lacquer tray. name card, Chie had no idea. Akira’s message,
“Shinoda, Akira. Kobe Dental College,” she read. delivered like a formal speech, filled her with
20 Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft maternal amusement. You know how children speak
intake of air. 50 so earnestly, so hurriedly, so endearingly about
“I think you should go,” said Naomi. things that have no importance in an adult’s mind?
That’s how she viewed him, as a child.

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It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though 1

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73 CO NTI N U E
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5 9

8
As used in line 2, “form” most nearly means
A) appearance.
B) custom.
C) structure.
D) nature.

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74 CO NTI N U E
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Reading Test
65 M I NU TES, 5 2 QUESTIONS

Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

DIRECTIONS

Questions 1-10 are based on the following 25 my darling, my cherished-in-secret, Imagination, the
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................

passage. tender and the mighty, should never, either by

This passage is from Charlotte Brontë, The Professor,
softness or strength, have severed me. But this was
originally published in 1857. not all; the antipathy which had sprung up between
myself and my employer striking deeper root and
No man likes to acknowledge that he has made a 30 spreading denser shade daily, excluded me from
mistake in the choice of his profession, and every every glimpse of the sunshine of life; and I began to
man, worthy of the name, will row long against wind feel like a plant growing in humid darkness out of the
Line and tide before he allows himself to cry out, “I am slimy walls of a well.
5 baffled!” and submits to be floated passively back to Antipathy is the only word which can express the
land. From the first week of my residence in X—— I 35 feeling Edward Crimsworth had for me—a feeling, in
felt my occupation irksome. The thing itself—the a great measure, involuntary, and which was liable to
work of copying and translating business-letters— be excited by every, the most trifling movement,
was a dry and tedious task enough, but had that been look, or word of mine. My southern accent annoyed
10 all, I should long have borne with the nuisance; I am him; the degree of education evinced in my language
not of an impatient nature, and influenced by the 40 irritated him; my punctuality, industry, and
double desire of getting my living and justifying to accuracy, fixed his dislike, and gave it the high
myself and others the resolution I had taken to flavour and poignant relish of envy; he feared that I
become a tradesman, I should have endured in too should one day make a successful tradesman.
15 silence the rust and cramp of my best faculties; I Had I been in anything inferior to him, he would not
should not have whispered, even inwardly, that I 45 have hated me so thoroughly, but I knew all that he
longed for liberty; I should have pent in every sigh by knew, and, what was worse, he suspected that I kept
which my heart might have ventured to intimate its the padlock of silence on mental wealth in which he
distress under the closeness, smoke, monotony, and was no sharer. If he could have once placed me in a
20 joyless tumult of Bigben Close, and its panting desire ridiculous or mortifying position, he would have
for freer and fresher scenes; I should have set up the 50 forgiven me much, but I was guarded by three
image of Duty, the fetish of Perseverance, in my faculties—Caution, Tact, Observation; and prowling
small bedroom at Mrs. King’s lodgings, and they two and prying as was Edward’s malignity, it could never
should have been my household gods, from which baffle the lynx-eyes of these, my natural sentinels.
Day by day did his malice watch my tact, hoping it
55 would sleep, and prepared to steal snake-like on its
slumber; but tact, if it be genuine, never sleeps.

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I had received my first quarter’s wages, and was 3

C) A young man regrets privately a choice that he The passage indicates that Edward Crimsworth’s
defends publicly. behavior was mainly caused by his
D) A new employee experiences optimism, then A) impatience with the narrator’s high spirits.
frustration, and finally despair. B) scorn of the narrator’s humble background.
C) indignation at the narrator’s rash actions.
2 D) jealousy of the narrator’s apparent superiority.

The main purpose of the opening sentence of the

passage is to 6
A) establish the narrator’s perspective on a The passage indicates that when the narrator began
controversy. working for Edward Crimsworth, he viewed
B) provide context useful in understanding the Crimsworth as a
narrator’s emotional state. A) harmless rival.
C) offer a symbolic representation of B) sympathetic ally.
Edward Crimsworth’s plight.
C) perceptive judge.
D) contrast the narrator’s good intentions with his
malicious conduct. D) demanding mentor.

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1 L3 1
7 9

8
10
At the end of the second paragraph, the comparisons
of abstract qualities to a lynx and a snake mainly Which choice provides the best evidence for the
have the effect of answer to the previous question?
A) contrasting two hypothetical courses of action. A) Lines 17-21 (“I should . . . scenes”)
B) conveying the ferocity of a resolution. B) Lines 21-23 (“I should . . . lodgings”)
C) suggesting the likelihood of an altercation. C) Lines 64-67 (“Thoughts . . . phrases”)
D) illustrating the nature of an adversarial D) Lines 68-74 (“I walked . . . gleam”)
relationship.

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Writing'and'Language''
'
'
' '

78
PSAT%Writing%and%Language%Test%
%
Time%Allotted% 35%minutes%(same%as%SAT)%
Total%Questions% 44%(same%as%SAT)%
% %
% %
Passage%Content% %
Careers% 1%passage;%11%questions%
History/Social%Studies% 1%passage;%11%questions%
Humanities% 1%passage;%11%questions%
Science% 1%passage;%11%questions%
Types%of%Questions% %
Expression%of%Ideas.% %
Development% These questions focus on revising text in relation
8%questions%est.% to rhetorical purpose. (Prior knowledge of the
topic is not assessed, though consistency of the
material within a passage may be.)

Organization% These questions focus on revision of text to

8%questions%est.% improve the logic and cohesion of text at the
sentence, paragraph, and whole-text levels.

%
Effective%Language%Use% These questions focus on revision of text to
8%questions%est.% improve the use of language to accomplish
particular rhetorical purposes.

Standard%English%Conventions% %
Sentence%Structures% These questions focus on editing text to correct
7%questions%est.% problems in sentence formation and inappropriate
shifts in construction within and between
sentences.

Conventions%of%Usage% These questions focus on editing text to ensure

8%questions%est.% conformity to the conventions of standard written
English usage.

Conventions%of%Punctuation% These questions focus on editing text to ensure

5%questions%est.% conformity to the conventions of standard written
English punctuation.

%
%

79
2 W2 2
Writing and Language Test
35 M I NU TES, 4 4 QUESTIONS

Turn to Section 2 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

DIRECTIONS

Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will
direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.

Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage.

...................................................................................................................................

Whey to Go
Greek yogurt a strained form of cultured
yogurt has grown enormously in popularity in the
United States since it was first introduced in the country
in the late 1980s.
From 2011 to 2012 alone, sales of Greek yogurt in the
US increased by 50 percent. The resulting increase in
Greek yogurt production has forced those involved in the
business to address the detrimental effects that the
yogurt-making process may be having on the
environment. Fortunately, farmers and others in the

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Greek yogurt business have found many methods of 1

5
To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 5
should be placed
A) where it is now.
B) after sentence 1.
C) after sentence 2.
D) after sentence 3.

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6 Though these conservation methods can be 6

protein per serving, thereby helping people stay

7
A) NO CHANGE
B) as
C) like
D) for

8
A) NO CHANGE
B) containing
C) contains
D) will contain

9
A) NO CHANGE
B) In other words,
C) Therefore,
D) For instance,

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10 satiated for longer periods of time. These health 10

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Questions 12-22 are based on the following passage 12

...............................................................................................................................
and supplementary material.
Which choice most accurately and effectively
represents the information in the graph?
Dark Snow A) NO CHANGE
Most of Greenland©s interior is covered by a thick B) to 12 degrees Fahrenheit.
C) to their lowest point on December 13.
layer of ice and compressed snow known as the
D) to 10 degrees Fahrenheit and stay there for
Greenland Ice Sheet. The size of the ice sheet fluctuates months.
seasonally: in summer, average daily high temperatures
in Greenland can rise to slightly above 50 degrees
Fahrenheit, partially melting the ice; in the winter, the
sheet thickens as additional snow falls, and average daily
low temperatures can drop 12 to as low as 20 degrees.

Average Daily High and Low Temperatures Recorded

at Nuuk Weather Station, Greenland (1961—1990)

Mar 5 Jun 10 Sep 8 Dec 13

60
Temperature (°F)

50 45° 45°
40
30 35° 38° 26°
20°
20
19°
10
12°
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
average daily high
average daily low

Adapted from WMO. ©2014 by World Meteorological Organization.

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84 CO NTI N U E
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Typically, the ice sheet begins to show evidence of 13

the Great Melt of 2012 have focused exclusively on rising

14
temperatures. The summer of 2012 was the warmest in
A) NO CHANGE
170 years, records show. But Jason 15 Box, an associate B) However,
professor of geology at Ohio State believes that another C) As such,
factor added to the early 16 thaw; the dark snow D) Moreover,

problem.
15
A) NO CHANGE
B) Box an associate professor of geology at
Ohio State,
C) Box, an associate professor of geology at
Ohio State,
D) Box, an associate professor of geology, at
Ohio State

16
A) NO CHANGE
B) thaw; and it was
C) thaw:
D) thaw: being

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According to Box, a leading Greenland expert, 17

20
Which choice best completes the description of a
self-reinforcing cycle?
A) NO CHANGE
B) raises the surface temperature.
C) begins to cool at a certain point.
D) leads to additional melting.

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24
86 CO NTI N U E
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[1] Box’s research is important because the fires of 21

sheet. [6] Members of the public will be able to track his

team’s progress—and even help fund the
expedition—through a website Box has created. 22

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25
87 CO NTI N U E
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Questions 23-33 are based on the following passage. 23

for a leisurely midday trip to my refrigerator. The novelty C) ideas couldn©t be shared with colleagues.
D) I missed having colleagues nearby to consult.
of this comfortable work-from-home life, however,
23 soon got worn off quickly. Within a month, I found
25
myself feeling isolated despite having frequent email and A) NO CHANGE
instant messaging contact with my colleagues. Having B) about
become frustrated trying to solve difficult problems, C) upon
D) for
24 no colleagues were nearby to share ideas. It was
during this time that I read an article 25 into coworking
spaces.

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26
88 CO NTI N U E
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The article, published by Forbes magazine, explained 26

28
The writer is considering deleting the underlined
sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?
A) Kept, because it provides a detail that supports
the main topic of the paragraph.
B) Kept, because it sets up the main topic of the
paragraph that follows.
C) Deleted, because it blurs the paragraph©s main
focus with a loosely related detail.
D) Deleted, because it repeats information that has
been provided in an earlier paragraph.

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27
89 CO NTI N U E
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What most caught my interest, though, was a 29

ability to focus 68%

12%
completing tasks 64%
in a given time 8%

standard of work 62%

Which choice most effectively completes the

sentence with relevant and accurate information
based on the graph above?
A) NO CHANGE
B) 71 percent of respondents indicated that using a
coworking space increased their creativity.
C) respondents credited coworking spaces with
giving them 74 percent of their ideas relating to
business.
D) respondents revealed that their ability to focus
on their work improved by 12 percent in a
coworking space.

30
A) NO CHANGE
B) whom uses
C) who uses
D) who use

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28
90 CO NTI N U E
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[1] Thus, even though I already had all the 31

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29
91 CO NTI N U E
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Questions 34-44 are based on the following passage. 34

38
A) NO CHANGE
B) Thus,
C) Moreover,
D) However,

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30
92 CO NTI N U E
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More recently, colleges have recognized the 39

grown 46 percent in a decade. Also, studies have found

40
that those students who major in philosophy often do
A) NO CHANGE
better than students from other majors in both verbal B) have scored
reasoning and analytical 39 writing. These results can be C) scores
measured by standardized test scores. On the Graduate D) scoring

Record Examination (GRE), for example, students

41
intending to study philosophy in graduate school 40 has
A) NO CHANGE
scored higher than students in all but four other majors. B) students majoring
These days, many 41 student’s majoring in C) students major
philosophy have no intention of becoming philosophers; D) student©s majors

instead they plan to apply those skills to other disciplines.

42
Law and business specifically benefit from the
At this point, the writer is considering adding the
complicated theoretical issues raised in the study of following sentence.
philosophy, but philosophy can be just as useful in The ancient Greek philosopher Plato, for example,
engineering or any field requiring complex analytic skills. wrote many of his works in the form of dialogues.
Should the writer make this addition here?
42 That these skills are transferable across professions
A) Yes, because it reinforces the passage©s main
point about the employability of philosophy
majors.
B) Yes, because it acknowledges a common
counterargument to the passage©s central claim.
C) No, because it blurs the paragraph©s focus by
introducing a new idea that goes unexplained.
D) No, because it undermines the passage©s claim
about the employability of philosophy majors.

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31
93 CO NTI N U E
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43 which makes them especially beneficial to 43

C) his or her
academic institutions.
D) their

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

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32
%
Math%
%
%
For Math Practice SATs:

SAT #1 SAT #2

Word Problems No Calculator: No Calculator:

3, 4, 6, 11, 17 3, 8, 14, 16

Calculator: Calculator:
1, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21, 25, 26, 27, 1, 2, 3, 8, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 27,
31, 32, 33, 34 31, 32, 34, 35

Follow-Up 15, 16, 22, 23, 37, 38 4, 5, 19, 20, 22, 23, 37, 38
Questions

%
%
% %
95
New Information about the Math SAT
1. The Math section of the Redesigned SAT will increase its focus on algebraic and
general problem solving, as well as data interpretation. Geometry will still be
present, but it will account for a much smaller portion of the test (10% instead of
25%) with trigonometry (<5%).
2. There is now a calculator-free portion.
3. Extended-thinking questions: these questions will be word problems followed by
several related questions, all of which test your problem solving skills. The
answers to these questions will be “open” (or student produced), rather than
multiple-choice. These questions are not only based on realistic scenarios but
also present more complicated situations that require understanding what math
concepts to employ.
4. More real-life situations and word problems.
5. Questions are more straightforward.

SAT Math Tips:

1. Answer the question that is being asked (solve for x, then plug it back
in). Underline key portions of the problem to remind yourself what it is ultimately
asking of you.
2. Translate words into math (i.e. of = multiplication)
3. Look for consecutive problems that pull from the same graph/data chart to ask
questions. To start preparing for these extended thinking questions, treat all math
problems as essentially “open” – solve each practice question with the possible
responses covered, and write your answer in the margin. After you finish,
compare your result with the answer key.
4. Answer all the beginning questions before moving on to the more difficult
questions. Questions go from easy to difficult. First third are easy, second third
are medium, and last third are difficult.
5. Look for wrong answers to eliminate because you are no longer penalized for
answering incorrectly; eliminating one answer will increase your odds of getting it
correct.
6. Use the figure shown to help solve the problem when it does NOT say “figure not
drawn to scale”
7. Plug in numbers to the given formula (backsolve) in order to save time.
8. Pick numbers for variables (never 0 or 1 because they have special properties) to
skip using involved algebraic equations.
%

% %

96
3 M3 3
Math Test – No Calculator
25 M I NU TES, 2 0 QUESTIONS

Turn to Section 3 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 16-20,
solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to
the directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use
any available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.

!
r c 2x 60° s 45° s√2
w h b x
30° 45°
b a x√3 s
A = pr 2 A = !w 1
A = bh c 2 = a2 + b 2 Special Right Triangles
2
C = 2pr

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34
97 CO NTI N U E
3 M3 3

2
For i = −1 , what is the sum (7 + 3i) + (−8 + 9i) ?
A) −1 + 12i 4
B) −1 − 6i Kathy is a repair technician for a phone company.
C) 15 + 12i Each week, she receives a batch of phones that need
D) 15 − 6i repairs. The number of phones that she has left to fix
at the end of each day can be estimated with the
equation P = 108 − 23d, where P is the number of
phones left and d is the number of days she has
worked that week. What is the meaning of the
value 108 in this equation?
A) Kathy will complete the repairs within 108 days.
B) Kathy starts each week with 108 phones to fix.
C) Kathy repairs phones at a rate of 108 per hour.
D) Kathy repairs phones at a rate of 108 per day.

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35
98 CO NTI N U E
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5 7

 r N
1 +  − 1
6
 1,200 
B) P = N m
 r  r 
h = 3a + 28.6  1 + 
 1,200  1,200 
A pediatrician uses the model above to estimate the
height h of a boy, in inches, in terms of the boy’s
age a, in years, between the ages of 2 and 5. Based  r 
on the model, what is the estimated increase, in C) P =  m
 1,200 
inches, of a boy’s height each year?
A) 3
B) 5.7
C) 9.5  1,200 
D) P =  m
D) 14.3  r 

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36
99 CO NTI N U E
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8 11

9
3x + 4y = −23
2y − x = −19
What is the solution (x, y ) to the system of equations
above? 12
A) (−5, −2)
A line in the xy-plane passes through the origin and
B) (3, −8)
1
C) (4, −6) has a slope of . Which of the following points lies
7
D) (9, −6)
on the line?

A) (0, 7)
B) (1, 7)
C) (7, 7)
D) (14, 2)
10

g (x ) = ax 2 + 24
For the function g defined above, a is a constant
and g(4) = 8. What is the value of g(−4) ?
A) 8
B) 0
C) −1
D) −8

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37
100 CO NTI N U E
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13 15

C) 2x + 5

D) x 2 + 5x + 6

8x
If 3x − y = 12 , what is the value of y ?
2
A) 212
B) 44
C) 82
D) The value cannot be determined from the
information given.

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38
101 CO NTI N U E
3 3
7
Answer: 12 Answer: 2.5
DIRECTIONS
Write
For questions 16–20, solve the problem and answer 7 / 12 2 . 5
enter your answer in the grid, as described in boxes. / / Fraction / /
below, on the answer sheet. line
. . . . . . . . Decimal
0 0 0 0 0 0 point

1. Although not required, it is suggested that 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

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39
102 CO NTI N U E
3 M3 3
16 18

17
A

In a right triangle, one angle measures x°, where

4
sin x ° = . What is cos(90° − x °) ?
x feet D 5
B

E
C
20
A summer camp counselor wants to find a length, x,
If a = 5 2 and 2a = 2x , what is the value of x ?
in feet, across a lake as represented in the sketch
above. The lengths represented by AB, EB, BD, and
CD on the sketch were determined to be 1800 feet,
1400 feet, 700 feet, and 800 feet, respectively.
Segments AC and DE intersect at B, and ∠ AEB
and ∠ CDB have the same measure. What is the
value of x ?

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 103

40
4 M4 4
Math Test – Calculator
55 M I NU TES, 3 8 QUESTIONS

Turn to Section 4 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.

For questions 1-30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions 31-38,
solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet. Please refer to
the directions before question 31 on how to enter your answers in the grid. You may use
any available space in your test booklet for scratch work.

1. The use of a calculator is permitted.

!
r c 2x 60° s 45° s√2
w h b x
30° 45°
b a x√3 s
A = pr 2 A = !w 1
A = bh c 2 = a2 + b 2 Special Right Triangles
2
C = 2pr

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42
104 CO NTI N U E
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1

160

120 In the figure above, lines and m are parallel and

lines s and t are parallel. If the measure of ∠1 is
35° , what is the measure of ∠2 ?
80 A) 35°
B) 55°
40 C) 70°
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 D) 145°
Time (minutes)
A) Between 0 and 30 minutes
B) Between 40 and 60 minutes
C) Between 50 and 65 minutes
D) Between 70 and 90 minutes
4
If 16 + 4x is 10 more than 14, what is the
value of 8x ?
A) 2
B) 6
2 C) 16
If y = kx , where k is a constant, and y = 24 when D) 80
x = 6 , what is the value of y when x = 5 ?
A) 6
B) 15
C) 20
D) 23

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43
105 CO NTI N U E
4 M4 4
5 6

C) t

D) t

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44
106 CO NTI N U E
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7 8

The number of rooftops with solar panel installations

in 5 cities is shown in the graph above. If the total
number of installations is 27,500, what is an
appropriate label for the vertical axis of the graph?
A) Number of installations (in tens)
B) Number of installations (in hundreds)
C) Number of installations (in thousands)
D) Number of installations (in tens of thousands)

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45
107 CO NTI N U E
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▼ 11

9
Which of the following expresses the air temperature
in terms of the speed of a sound wave?
a − 1,052
A) t =
1.08
12
a + 1,052
B) t = Number of Seeds in Each of 12 Apples
1.08
Number of apples 5
1,052 − a 4
C) t = 3
1.08
2
1.08 1
D) t =
a + 1,052 0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Number of seeds

Based on the histogram above, of the following,

which is closest to the average (arithmetic mean)
number of seeds per apple?
10 A) 4
At which of the following air temperatures will the B) 5
speed of a sound wave be closest to 1,000 feet per C) 6
second?
D) 7
A) −46°F
B) −48°F
C) −49°F
D) −50°F

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46
108 CO NTI N U E
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13

Course
Algebra
Algebra I Geometry Total
II
Gender Female 35 53 62 150
Male 44 59 57 160
Total 79 112 119 310

A group of tenth-grade students responded to a survey that asked which math course they were currently enrolled in.
The survey data were broken down as shown in the table above. Which of the following categories accounts for
approximately 19 percent of all the survey respondents?
A) Females taking Geometry
B) Females taking Algebra II
C) Males taking Geometry
D) Males taking Algebra I

14
...................................................................................................................................................................................

Lengths of Fish (in inches)

8 9 9 9 10 10 11
11 12 12 12 12 13 13
13 14 14 15 15 16 24

The table above lists the lengths, to the nearest inch,

of a random sample of 21 brown bullhead fish. The
outlier measurement of 24 inches is an error. Of the
mean, median, and range of the values listed, which
will change the most if the 24-inch measurement is
removed from the data?
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Range
D) They will all change by the same amount.

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47
109 CO NTI N U E
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▼ 16

Total Cost of Renting A) C = 5h

C a Boat by the Hour
3
20 B) C = h+5
4
18
16 C) C = 3h + 5
Total cost (dollars)

14
12
D) h = 3C
10
8
6
▲
4
2
0 h
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (hours)

The graph above displays the total cost C, in dollars, of

renting a boat for h hours.
17
y
15
What does the C-intercept represent in the graph?
A) The initial cost of renting the boat y = f(x)
B) The total number of boats rented
C) The total number of hours the boat is rented 1
D) The increase in cost to rent the boat for each x
O 1
additional hour

The complete graph of the function f is shown in the

xy-plane above. For what value of x is the value of
f (x ) at its minimum?
A) −5
B) −3
C) −2
D) 3

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48
110 CO NTI N U E
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18 19

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49
111 CO NTI N U E
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20 21

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50
112 CO NTI N U E
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▼
Questions 22 and 23 refer to the following information.
Annual Budgets for Different Programs in Kansas, 2007 to 2010

Year
Program
2007 2008 2009 2010

Agriculture/natural resources 373,904 358,708 485,807 488,106

Education 2,164,607 2,413,984 2,274,514 3,008,036

General government 14,347,325 12,554,845 10,392,107 14,716,155

Highways and transportation 1,468,482 1,665,636 1,539,480 1,773,893

Human resources 4,051,050 4,099,067 4,618,444 5,921,379

Public safety 263,463 398,326 355,935 464,233

The table above lists the annual budget, in thousands of dollars, for each of six different state
programs in Kansas from 2007 to 2010.

22 23
.....................................................................................................................................

Which of the following best approximates the Of the following, which program’s ratio of its
average rate of change in the annual budget for 2007 budget to its 2010 budget is closest to the
agriculture/natural resources in Kansas from 2008 to human resources program’s ratio of its 2007 budget
2010 ? to its 2010 budget?
A) $50,000,000 per year A) Agriculture/natural resources
B) $65,000,000 per year B) Education
C) $75,000,000 per year C) Highways and transportation
D) $130,000,000 per year D) Public safety

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51
113 CO NTI N U E
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24 26

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

52
114 CO NTI N U E
4 M4 4
28 30

20 y = x2 2x 15
II I
15
x
10
III IV 5
x
5 4 3 2 1O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
5
10
If the system of inequalities y ≥ 2x + 1 and
15
1 A
y> x − 1 is graphed in the xy-plane above, which 20
2
quadrant contains no solutions to the system?
Which of the following is an equivalent form of the
A) Quadrant II equation of the graph shown in the xy-plane above,
B) Quadrant III from which the coordinates of vertex A can be
identified as constants in the equation?
C) Quadrant IV
D) There are solutions in all four quadrants. A) y = (x + 3)(x − 5)
B) y = (x − 3)(x + 5)
C) y = x(x − 2) − 15
D) y = (x − 1)2 − 16

29
For a polynomial p(x ) , the value of p(3) is −2.
Which of the following must be true about p(x ) ?
A) x − 5 is a factor of p(x ) .
B) x − 2 is a factor of p(x ) .
C) x + 2 is a factor of p(x ) .
D) The remainder when p(x ) is divided
by x − 3 is −2.

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53
115 CO NTI N U E
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7
Answer: 12 Answer: 2.5
DIRECTIONS
Write
solve the problem and answer 7 / 12 2 . 5
enter your answer in the grid, as described in boxes. / / Fraction / /
below, on the answer sheet. line
. . . . . . . . Decimal
0 0 0 0 0 0 point

1. Although not required, it is suggested that 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

54
116 CO NTI N U E
4 M4 4
31 33

Number sold (millions)

72 dozen ears of corn? 160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
32 Year
The posted weight limit for a covered wooden bridge
in Pennsylvania is 6000 pounds. A delivery truck
that is carrying x identical boxes each weighing According to the line graph above, the number of
14 pounds will pass over the bridge. If the combined portable media players sold in 2008 is what fraction
weight of the empty delivery truck and its driver is of the number sold in 2011 ?
4500 pounds, what is the maximum possible value
for x that will keep the combined weight of the
truck, driver, and boxes below the bridge’s posted
weight limit?

34
A local television station sells time slots for programs
in 30-minute intervals. If the station operates
24 hours per day, every day of the week, what is the
total number of 30-minute time slots the station can
sell for Tuesday and Wednesday?

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55
117 CO NTI N U E
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35 ▼

Jessica opened a bank account that earns 2 percent

8 yards interest compounded annually. Her initial deposit was
$100, and she uses the expression $100(x )t to find the
value of the account after t years.

37
A dairy farmer uses a storage silo that is in the shape
of the right circular cylinder above. If the volume of What is the value of x in the expression?
the silo is 72π cubic yards, what is the diameter of
the base of the cylinder, in yards?

38
Jessica’s friend Tyshaun found an account that earns
36 2.5 percent interest compounded annually. Tyshaun
made an initial deposit of $100 into this account at
1 the same time Jessica made a deposit of $100 into her
h(x ) = 2
(x − 5) + 4(x − 5) + 4 account. After 10 years, how much more money will
For what value of x is the function h above Tyshaun’s initial deposit have earned than Jessica’s
undefined? initial deposit? (Round your answer to the nearest
cent and ignore the dollar sign when gridding your
response.)

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

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1500 Act English and Reading Questions To Know by Test Day
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