TECHNICAL REPORT

ON
STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT
SHOTECH ENGINEERING NIGERIA LIMITED
PLOT M2, ROAD 22A, VICTORIA GARDEN CITY, LEKKI EPE
EXPRESSWAY, LAGOS STATE
BY
ADEBISI AMOS AYODEJI
(MATRIC NUMBER: 150045)
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LADOKE AKINTOLA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,
OGBOMOSO, OYO STATE.
APRIL, 2021

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B. TECH) IN MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
LADOKE AKINTOLA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OGBOMOSO,
OYO STATE.

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ADEBISI AMOS AYODEJI MATRIC NUMBER:150045

 CERTIFICATION PAGE
I hereby certify that this report of Student Industrial Work Experience (SIWES)
was prepared and compiled by ADEBISI AMOS AYODEJI (Matric Number:
150045) from the department of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, FACULTY
OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LADOKE AKINTOLA
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OGBOMOSHO, OYO STATE for the
successful completion of my Industrial Training undertaken at SHOTECH
ENGINEERING (NIGERIA) LIMITED, PLOT M2, ROAD 22A, VICTORIA
GARDEN CITY, LAGOS.

…………………………….. …………………….
Name of Student Signature and Date

…………………………….. …………………….
Name of Industry based Supervisor Signature and Date

…………………………….. …………………….
Name of Institution based Supervisor Signature and Date

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 DEDICATION
This report is dedicated foremost to God Almighty for his favour, mercy and
grace upon my life especially during my SIWES programme at Shotech
Engineering Nigeria Limited.
I would also like to dedicate it to my parents and siblings for their love and
support and everyone else that contributed towards making my SIWES training
a fun and successful one.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I hereby appreciate God Almighty for giving me the Grace, Opportunity and
Strength to complete my industrial training successfully. I acknowledge my
parents; Mr. & Mrs. Adebisi, for being there for me all the time and for
providing the necessary support, I appreciate it a lot and I love you. I
acknowledge my wonderful siblings; Yinka, Mary and Victor.
I also thank the management and staffs of Shotech Engineering (Nigeria) ltd
most especially Engr. Jeftan Ekpada (the Site Manager of Shotech Engineering
(Nigeria) ltd), Engr. Ese Bemigho (Project Manager), Engr. Stanley Egbele
(Procurement Engineer/SIWES Supervisor), Engr. S. Adams (Resident Site
Engineer), Mr. Moses Fada (Clerk of work on site), for their exposure, support
and assistance, and a chance to prove myself. You are such wonderful and
special people, who inspire and impact jubilance into the lives of others.
I also like to specifically thank the SIWES Coordinator; Engr. Dr. E.O
Olafimihan , Head of Department; Engr. Dr. T.B Ashafa, and my lecturers for
the cognizance of Mechanical Engineering you all have imparted in me.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE …………………………………………………………………i
CERTIFICATION PAGE ……………………………………………………...ii
DEDICATION…………………………………………………………………iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………..iv
LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………...viii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study………………………………………………………9

1.2 Brief history of SIWES……………………………………………………10

1.2.1 Vision Statement…………………………………………………...11
1.2.2 Mission Statement………………………………………………….11
1.3 Aims of SIWES……………………………………………………………11

1.4 Objectives of SIWES………………………………………………………11

1.5 Importance of SIWES to Mechanical Engineering………………………...12

CHAPTER 2: COMPANY PROFILE

2.1 Brief history of Establishment…………………………………………..…13
2.2 Organisational Address…………………………………………………….13
2.3 Mission Statement………………………………………………………….14
2.4 Vision Statement…………………………………………………………..14
2.5 Range of Services………………………………………………………….14
2.6 Various Departments and their Functions…………………………………14
2.7 Place of Primary Assignment……………………………………………...15

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THE TRAINING PROGRAMME
CHAPTER THREE: THEORETICAL ASPECT OF THE PROGRAMME
3.1 Project Management……………………………………………………….18
3.1.1 Work Breakdown Structure (W.B.S)……………………………..18
3.1.2 Characteristics of a Work Breakdown Structure…………………19
3.1.3 Functions of Project Management………………………………..19
3.2 Procurement………………………………………………………………..20
3.2.1 Purpose of Procurement…………………………………………..20
3.3 Estimation………………………………………………………………….21
3.3.1 BEME (Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation)………21
3.3.2 Types of Estimates………………………………………………..21
3.3.3 Purpose of Estimation……………………………………………..22
3.4 Scheduling (Project Management)…………………………………………22
3.4.1 Benefit of Project Scheduling……………………………………..22
3.4.2 Project Scheduling Software………………………………………23
3.5 AutoCAD Drafting………………………………………………………...24

CHAPTER FOUR: EXPERIENCE ACQUIRED FROM THE S.I.W.E.S

PROGRAMME
4.1 Design Section……………………………………………………………..25
4.2 Procurement Section……………………………………………………….26
4.3 Project Scheduling…………………………………………………………26
4.4 Supervision…………………………………………………………….…..33
4.4.1 Project Description………………………………………………..33
4.4.2 Tank Component Involved in The Rehabilitation of Tank……..…34
4.4.3 Few Equipment used in the Rehabilitation of Tank……………....37
4.4.4 Activities Supervised………………………………………..…….40

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CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Challenges Encountered…………………………………………………..45
5.2 Conclusion………………………………………………………………..45
5.3 Recommendation…………………………………………………………46
References………………………………………………………………...47

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 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.0: SHOTECH Organogram
Figure 3.0: Work Breakdown Structure
Figure 4.0: Primavera P6 Architecture and User Interface
Figure 4.1: Chart showing Project breakdown
Figure 4.2: Gantt Chart
Figure 4.3: Diagram showing annular plate
Figure 4.4: Tank bottomplate
Figure 4.5: Tank Manhole Closing
Figure 4.6: Gate Valve
Figure 4.7: A Flange
Figure 4.8: A Gasket
Figure 4.9: Angle Grinder
Figure 4.10: Hydraulic Tank Jacking Unit
Figure 4.11: Pack of Electrode
Figure 4.12: An Electrode Holder
Figure 4.13: Scaffold
Figure 4.14: Sandblasting Machine
Figure 4.15: Crane
Figure 4.16: The steel pipe connected to the tank 61 being cut off
Figure 4.17: Picture showing the tank jack being placed around the tank
Figure 4.18: Bottomplate
Figure 4.19: Intermediate supports installed between tank shell and annular
plates
Figure 4.20: Picture showing the end of new steel pipe being smoothened
Figure 4.21: Picture showing the steel pipe welded together
Figure 4.22: Picture showing the slag being removed
Figure 4.23: Flanges being fastened together
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 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
Students’ Industrial Work-experience Scheme (SIWES) is one of the
Industrial Training Fund (ITF) programme which was introduced in 1974 due
to the inability of engineering and technology students in Nigeria universities
and polytechnics to meet the practical aspects of their training. That is, the
needs to enable students match their theoretical school knowledge with the
practical aspect of their training in industry. The Training lasts for six months.
According to Ekpenyong (2011), one of the principles underlying any industrial
work experience scheme for students in institutions of learning is the desire to
marry the practical with the theoretical learning which characterizes
conventional classroom situations with a view to striking a balance between
theory and practice. The author stressed further that it was in realization of this
that the ITF when it was established, set out to study the extent to which the
theoretical knowledge that students in engineering technology and other allied
fields in Nigerian institutions offering technology based courses related to the
kind of work experience expected of them by employers.

The result of the ITF survey showed a great disparity between students’
knowledge and their ability to apply it in relevant jobs. In order to bridge the
gap between the two, the ITF in 1974 established a co-operative internship
programme, which enabled students of technology to spend some part of their
courses for relevant on the-job practical experiences in appropriate areas of the
Nigerian industry (Ekpenyong, 2011). The author further stressed that the
internship programme, SIWES, can therefore be seen as that which is intended
to give Nigerian students studying occupationally related courses experience
that would supplement their theoretical learning as a well of equipping the
students with the needed skills to function in the world of work. This need to
combine theoretical knowledge with practical skills in order to produce results
in the form of goods and services or to be productive is the essence and
rationale for industrial training, and a basic requirement for the award of
Bachelor of Technology.

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1.2 Brief History of SIWES
In recognition of the shortcomings and weakness in the formation of SET
graduates, particularly with respect to acquisition of relevant production skills
(RPSs), the Industrial Training Fund (which was itself established in 1971 by
decree 47) initiated the Students’ Industrial Work experience Scheme (SIWES)
in 1973. The scheme was designed to expose students to the industrial
environment and enable them develop occupational competencies so that they
can readily contribute their quota to national economic and technological
development after graduation.

Consequently, SIWES is a planned and structured programme based on stated

and specific career objectives which are geared toward developing the
occupational competencies of participants.

In spite of the challenges faced by SIWES in the four decades of its existence,
the Scheme has not only raised consciousness and increased awareness about
the need for training of SET students, but has also helped in the formation of
skilled and competent indigenous manpower which has been manning and
managing the technological resources and industrial sectors of the economy.
Participation in SIWES has become a necessary condition for the award of
degrees and diplomas to SET students graduating from higher institutions in
Nigeria. It is therefore, not in doubt that SIWES is a veritable means or tool for
National Economic Development.

The main thrust of ITF programmes and services is to stimulate human

performance, improve productivity, and induce value-added production in
industry and commerce. Through its SIWES and Vocational and Apprentice
Training Programmes, the Fund also builds capacity for graduates and youth
self-employment, in the context of Small Scale Industrialization, in the
economy.

The Industrial Training Fund is a grade ‘A’ parasternal operating under the
aegis of the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment. It has been
operating for 42 years as a specialist agency that promotes and encourages the
acquisition of industrial and commercial skills required for national economic
development.

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1.2.1 Vision Statement
To be the prime Skills Training Development Organization in Nigeria and one
of the best in the world.

1.2.2 Mission Statement

To set and regulate standards and offer direct training intervention in industrial
and commercial skills training and development, using a corps of highly
competent professional staff, modern techniques and technology.

1.3 Aims of SIWES

The effort is aimed at helping/training students in the Nigerian tertiary
institutions the practical aspect of their field of study by exposing students to
machines and equipment, professional work methods and ways of safeguarding
the work areas and workers in industries and other organizations.

1.4 Objectives of SIWES

The Industrial Training Fund’s policy Document No. 1 of 1973 which
established SIWES outlined the objectives of the scheme. The objectives are to:

1. It provides an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to

acquire industrial skills and experience during their course of study.

2. It expose Students to work methods and techniques in handling

equipment and machinery that may not be available in their institutions.

3. It makes the transition from school to the world of work easier and
enhance students’ contact for later job placements and a chance to
evaluate companies for which they might wish to work.

4. It provides students with the opportunities to apply their educational

knowledge in real work and industrial situations, there by bridging the
gap between theory and practice.

5. The programme teaches the students on how to interact effectively with

other workers and supervisors under various conditions in the
organization.

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1.5 Importance of SIWES to Mechanical Engineering

1. It provides students in mechanical engineering with an opportunity to

apply their theoretical knowledge to real life situations.
2. It exposes students to more practical work methods and techniques in
mechanical engineering.
3. It provides an environment whereby students in mechanical engineering
can develop their creativity and interpersonal skills through software
design techniques.
4. It enables students in civil engineering to gain experience in handling
equipment and machineries.
5. It is one of the requirements for the award of Bachelors of Technology
Degree (B.Tech.) in Mechanical Engineering.

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 CHAPTER TWO
COMPANY PROFILE

2.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

In line with the objective of this program, I was opportuned to undergo
industrial training with Shotech Engineering (Nigeria) Limited.

Shotech Engineering (Nigeria) Limited is a a wholly indigenous company that

was incorporated in 1995 which offers quality Technical services in the field of
Engineering, pipeline construction, construction, environment, storage tank
construction and maintenance for water and hydrocarbon products,
instrumentation, automation and control systems, construction of pump station.

SHOTECH ENGINEERING NIGERIA LIMITED is owned by seasoned

professionals who had put up individually more than 15 years’ experience in their
various Engineering fields. Efficient and experienced visionary managers and
technical personnel run the day to day activities of the company

With more than 24 years of oil and gas experience, our expertise enables us to
design, build and manage innovative projects - from concept to completion - for
a wide range of global clients.

SHOTECH Group also implements the infrastructure needed to make intricate

projects feasible by managing projects ranging from deep water through landfalls,
to onshore environments, in remote desert regions, tropical rain forests, and major
river crossings

2.2 ORGANISATIONAL ADDRESS

Shotech Engineering Nigeria Limited was incorporated in 1995 with its head
office located at Plot M2, Road 22A, Victoria Garden City, Lekki-Epe
Expressway, Lagos State with its fabrication yard and warehouse located at 57A,
Carnival Way, Bariga – Apapa Road, Lagos State and several branches located
around the globe

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2.3 MISSION STATEMENT
Shotech Engineering Nigeria Limited mission statement is
To contribute quota to Nigerian oil and gas sector development by offering
valuable and quality services coupled with timely delivery to our various clients:
oil producing companies, oil servicing companies, industries, Governmental
Organization, Parastatals and others

To deploy innovative products and services in the most environmentally-friendly

way, fulfilling our role in the international effort to reduce wastage and increase
savings. By developing our opportunities wisely, we seek to grow within the
challenging Oil and Gas market by offering added value to our clients and
unshakeable confidence to our stakeholders.

2.4 VISION STATEMENT

In a competitive Engineering servicing market today, SHOTECH
ENGINEERING NIGERIA LIMITED aspires to be the best on our mission
statement and the array of engineering know-how from our experienced
personnel and the state – of art support from our foreign affiliates.

2.5 RANGE OF SERVICES

• Project Management
• Engineering Procurement Installation Commissioning Operation and
Maintenance
• Storage tank construction, construction of water pump station, installation
and maintenance.
• Field Instrumentation
• Liquid & Gas Metering.
• Security Systems and Access Control.

2.6 VARIOUS DIVISIONS/DEPARTMENTS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT

AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

1. Administrative Department: This department is responsible for

providing administrative aid in five areas of a business: information
management systems, human resources, payroll, acquisition and
communication. The goal of the administration department is to keep all
departments within a business operating at maximum capacity.
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 2. Engineering and Technical Services Department
The Engineering and Technical Services Department is involved in
myriad types work in the design, procurement, fabrication, construction,
and operation of experimental devices in the field of engineering. The
goal of the department to Provide Engineering, Technology and Project
Management Services driven by Innovative Professionals using Best
Practices to ensure customer Satisfaction

Fig 2.0: SHOTECH Organogram

2.7 PLACE OF PRIMARY ASSIGNMENT

In Shotech Engineering Nigeria Limited, I was posted to the Engineering and
Technical Services department. I worked with the project and procurement
engineers for complete execution of project. I also worked alongside other
engineers and foremen on site work.

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2.8 MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL
SERVICES DEPARTMENT
The department is involved Specifying project objectives and plans including
delineation of scope, budgeting, scheduling, setting performance requirements,
selecting project participants and maximizing the resource efficiency through
procurement of labor, materials and equipment.

1) Structural Section: This section demands proper understanding and

calculations involving the stability, strength and rigidity of built
structures and nonbuilding structures, to develop designs and integrate
their design with that of the designers, and to supervise construction of
projects on site.

2) Quality Control Section: This section is responsible for managing and

performing the daily quality control responsibilities of SHOTECH
projects to ensure the project is handled in accordance with the
established minimum standards, and ensuring incorporated materials on
construction projects are in compliance with the plans and specifications.

3) HSE Section: The role of the health and safety team is to promote a
positive health and safety culture in the workplace. They are primarily
responsible for ensuring that risks in the workplace are controlled and
that organizations are successfully meeting safety standards.

4) Design Section: They are primarily responsible in drafting blueprints,

creating test prototypes and overseeing the construction and fabrication
process

5) Procurement Section: They oversees the procurement, or purchasing, of

technical goods and services for an industrial operation.They manage
suppliers to meet objectives related to cost, delivery performance,
schedule and quality.

6) Plant/Equipment Section: This module deals with understanding the

operations of construction plant as well as their importance in the
construction industry.

7) Workshop/Labour Section: This section involves cleaning and

preparing a job site, loading and delivering materials, and using a variety
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of tools and machines such as blowtorches, forklifts, levels, lifts, power
drills, grinders, saws, pressure washers, and water spraying equipment.
Laborers set up and take down ladders, scaffolding, and other temporary
structures. They help carpenters, masons, and other specialized
contractors on site.

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 CHAPTER THREE

THE TRAINING PROGRAMME

3.0 THEORETICAL ASPECT OF THE PROGRAMME

At Shotech Engineering Nigeria Limited I was privileged to gain experience in

the areas of Project management & supervision, Procurement, Estimation,
Project Schedule (Project Management) and Architectural Drafting.

3.1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Project management is the process of leading the work of a team to achieve
goals and meet success criteria at a specified time. The primary challenge of
project management is to achieve all of the project goals within the given
constraints. This information is usually described in project documentation,
created at the beginning of the development process.

Project management is also the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and

techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements.

Project Management Processes fall into Five Groups:

1. Initiating
2. Planning
3. Executing
4. Monitoring and Controlling
5. Closing

3.1.1 Work Breakdown Structure

Work breakdown structure (WBS) in project management is a method for

completing a complex, multi-step project. It's a way to divide and conquer large
projects to get things done faster and more efficiently.

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A work-breakdown structure (WBS) in project management and systems
engineering, is a deliverable-oriented breakdown of a project into smaller
components.

A work-breakdown structure element may be a product, data, service, or any

combination thereof. A WBS also provides the necessary framework for
detailed cost estimating and control along with providing guidance
for schedule development and control

3.1.2 Characteristics of a Work Breakdown Structure

The Project Management Institute (PMI) defines WBS as "a deliverable-

oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the project
team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables."

Each WBS level represents a new and increasingly detailed definition of work
needed to complete the project.

Fig 3.0: Work Breakdown Structure

3.1.3 Functions of Project Management

a. Scope, which defines the boundaries of the project and what is outside
those boundaries. The boundaries are typically defined in terms of
objectives, deliverables, and resources (e.g., time, personnel, money).
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 The more aspects of scope you can identify, the better off your project
will be.

b. Time, which involves establishing a timeline for completion of the

project, including deadlines, benchmarks, and milestones.

c. Cost, which is the amount of money that will be required to complete

the project successfully.

d. Quality, which refers to the ability of a process or product to satisfy

both stated and implied needs, with those needs being defined by the
stakeholders

3.2 PROCUREMENT
Procurement in Engineering involves overseeing the procurement, or
purchasing, of technical goods and services for an industrial operation.
It involves having detailed knowledge about the equipment, materials, and
supplies used in the industry, and the companies that sell them.
It also involves new existing suppliers and subcontractors and negotiates
purchase agreements with them. It ensures that purchased goods and services
are delivered as promised.

3.2.1 Purpose of Procurement

1)To analyse all suppliers in order to select the most suitable suppliers who
are able to deliver high quality products at competitive pricing.
2) Negotiate with suppliers on lead-time, cost and quality so as to obtain the
maximum benefit for the company.
3) Manage suppliers to meet objectives related to cost, delivery
performance, schedule and quality.
4) Develop purchasing or sourcing strategies based on portfolio analyses
and supplier preferencing study.
5) Define and maintain documented category and supplier strategies using
market and competitive data.
6) Develop, implement and drive the procurement strategies in order to meet
cost savings targets.

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3.3 ESTIMATION
Estimation is the scientific way of working out the approximate cost of an
engineering project before execution of the work.
• It is totally different from calculation of the exact cost after completion of the
project.
• Cost estimation requires a thorough Knowledge of the construction procedures
and cost of materials & labour in addition to the skill, experience, foresight and
good judgment

An estimate of the cost of a job is the probable cost of that job as computed
from plans and specifications.

3.3.1 BEME (Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation)

A BEME (Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation) also called Bill of
quantities is a document which lists all the items necessary for the complete
construction of the works. Each item includes a description, an expected
measure or quantity as calculated from drawings and classified according to
trade or location within the works as well as a unit price and total cost.

3.3.2 Types Of Estimates

1. Design Estimates. For the owner or its designated design professionals,
the types of cost estimates encountered run parallel with the planning and
design as follows:

• Screening estimates (or order of magnitude estimates)

• Preliminary estimates (or conceptual estimates)
• Detailed estimates (or definitive estimates)
• Engineer's estimates based on plans and specifications

2. Bid Estimates - For the contractor, a bid estimate submitted to the owner
either for competitive bidding or negotiation consists of direct
construction cost including field supervision, plus a markup to cover
general overhead and profits. The direct cost of construction for bid
estimates is usually derived from a combination of the following
approaches.

• Subcontractor quotations
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 • Quantity takeoffs
• Construction procedures.

3. Control Estimates. For monitoring the project during construction, a

control estimate is derived from available information to establish:

• Budget estimate for financing

• Budgeted cost after contracting but prior to construction
• Estimated cost to completion during the progress of construction

3.3.3 Purpose Of Estimation

1. Feasibility studies of proposed development
2. For Tendering purposes
3. For selection of alternative design proposals
4. For establishing a budget for proposed construction works.
5. For cost control during construction projects

3.4 SCHEDULING (PROJECT MANAGEMENT)

Scheduling in project management is the listing of activities, deliverables, and
milestones within a project. A schedule also usually includes a planned start and
finish date, duration, and resources assigned to each activity. Effective project
scheduling is a critical component of successful time management
The most common form of project schedule is a Gantt chart. Both a milestone
schedule and a detailed project schedule can be created as a Gantt chart

3.4.1 Benefits of project scheduling

Project scheduling provides the following benefits:
• Assists with tracking, reporting, and communicating progress
• Ensures everyone is on the same page with tasks, dependencies, and
deadlines
• Highlights issues and concerns, such as a lack of resources

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 • Identifies task relationships
• Monitors progress and identify issues early

3.4.2 Project Scheduling Software

• Oracle Primavera P6
Oracle Primavera P6 is a project, program and portfolio management
tool that is used for planning, managing and executing your project work.
It is designed to handle large and small projects in a number of diverse
industries, such as construction, manufacturing, energy, and IT. It’s been
doing so for more than 30 years in projects across the globe.

Primavera P6 can trace its origins to 1983 when it was first established
under the name Primavera Systems. In the next 15 years, it would rapidly
gain in popularity. By the late 90’s, advancements in server technology
drove the company to split Primavera systems into two versions of the
software: a desktop application (which is preferred by contractors,
suppliers and manufacturing companies) and a web-based enterprise
option.

Who Uses Primavera P6?

Any project professional can benefit from P6, such as engineers,
schedulers and others who are instrumental in planning, management and
reporting on the project.

• Microsoft Project
MS Project, the project management software program by Microsoft, is a
very handy tool for project managers, engineers that helps them develop a
schedule, assign resources to tasks, track the progress, manage the
budget, and analyze workloads for an ongoing project.

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3.5 AUTOCAD DRAFTING
AutoCAD is a computer-aided drafting software program used to create
blueprints for tanks, machines buildings, bridges and roads among other things.
AutoCAD is used by drafters and other professionals. It is a 2-D and 3-D
computer-aided drafting software application used in architecture, construction,
and manufacturing to assist in the preparation of blueprints and other
engineering plans. Professionals who use AutoCAD are often referred to as
drafters.
AutoCAD software is a family of cads or drawing CAD that simply [save
(DWG) file as a DXF format (data exchange format) is a standard exchange
format.]

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 CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 EXPERIENCE ACQUIRED FROM THE S.I.W.E.S PROGRAMME

My Training at Shotech Engineering Nigeria Limited started at the design and

procurement section.

4.1 DESIGN SECTION

In the design section, my major work was to assist the design engineers in
converting his hand sketches into digitized CAD (Computer Aided Design)
drawings using the AutoCAD software. I was also privileged to work with the
latest AutoCAD 2017 software.
Design of engineering drawings using AutoCAD involves the use of AutoCAD
modify tools such as; Move, Offset, Extend, Trim, Mirror, Copy, Rotate, Join,
Fillet, Chamfer, Array and Explode.
Move: Moves one or more objects
Offset: Create a duplicate object parallel with the original object. If this object
is a Polyline or a Circle, the duplicate shape will be transformed inwards or
outwards. This option can be useful to make closed steel profiles.
Extend: With the extend option you can shorten or lengthen objects to meet the
edges of other objects.
Trim: With the trim option objects can be shortened or lengthened with the
edges of other objects. Objects can exactly be fitted between these objects.
Mirror: Create a mirror image of an object. It is useful for creating symmetrical
objects because you can quickly draw half the object and then mirror it instead
of drawing the entire object.
Copy: Copy's one or more objects. Rotate: You can rotate objects with an
absolute or relative angle. When using an absolute angle: Specify the base point
and then specify the rotation angle.
Join: You can use the join option to combine similar objects into one single
object. It is also possible to create complete circles from arcs.

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Chamfer: This tool is used to bevel the edge between two selected adjacent
lines.
Fillet: You can use the fillet tool to connect two objects with an arc with a
specified radius. The inside corner is called a fillet and an outside corner is
called a round.
Array: Create copies of objects in a rectangular or polar pattern. This is
especially useful when you need to duplicate several objects at the same
distance from each other (columns in a parking garage for instance).

I was successfully able to help the design engineers in AUTOCAD in

interpreting and designing of engineering drawings for this project:
1. Emergency Integrity of 8 Nos of Tanks at APAPA LNG DEPOT
2. Rehabilitation of Whessoe Level Gauge at APAPA LNG DEPOT

4.2 PROCUREMENT SECTION

In the procurement section, I was able to able to assist the procurement
engineers in procuring of materials and equipment in respect to client
specification. I also helped in preparation of technical data sheet for the
equipment being supplied.
The training helped me with various interaction manufacturing and oil & gas
companies in request for procurement of materials which made me learn the
code of conduct of big firms and also prepared me for work scenarios I am
likely to meet after graduation.

4.3 PROJECT SCHEDULING

One of the essential parts of project management is project scheduling. The
project engineers helped me to acquire knowledge in creating of schedule.
Software packages used by the company in creating project schedule are
Primavera P6 and Microsoft Project. I was able to help the project engineers to
determine the critical path in creating of project schedules and I was also able to
create some project schedules for other projects

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STANDARD TOOLBAR MENU BAR
EDITING TOOLBAR
TOOL BAR

TIMESCALE
T

GANTT CHART
T
ASSIGNING TOOLBAR

MOVING TOOLBAR

TAB

PROJECT DETAIL WINDOW

ENTERPISE TOOLBAR
PROJECT TOOLBAR

Fig 4.0: Primavera P6 Architecture and User Interface

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4.3.1 Creating Organisational Breakdown Structure Using Primavera P6
The organizational breakdown structure (OBS) is a global hierarchy that
represents the managers responsible for the projects in your enterprise.
STEPS
i. Go to Menu Bar
ii. Click Enterprise
iii. Click OBS
iv. Click Add

4.3.2 Creating Enterprise Project Structure (EPS) Using Primavera P6

The Enterprise Project Structure (EPS) forms the hierarchical structure of your
database of projects. Each EPS node can be subdivided into multiple levels to
represent the work that needs to be done in your organization.
STEPS
i. Go to Menu Bar
ii. Click Enterprise
iii. Click EPS
iv. Click Add

4.3.3 Creating Project/Work Breakdrown Structure/Activities/Duration

A project is any undertaking, carried out individually or collaboratively and
possibly involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a
particular aim.
W.B.S is the process of subdividing project deliverables and project work into
smaller, manageable components.
Activity: A task or process to be accomplished in a set period of time as part of
working toward a larger project goal. Activities are ordered with logic links.
Activities are under W.B.S

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 Fig 4.1: Chart showing Project breakdown
4.3.4 Steps in Creating A New Project in Primavera P6
i. Go to Enterprise tool bar, click on project
ii. Then the click on file on the menu bar, click on new
iii. Click on EPS for the new project, press select
iv. Click on next
v. Input the Project Id and project name on the tab, click next
vi. Input the project start date and end date on the new tab, click next
vii. Choose the responsible manager for the project created from the OBS,
click next
viii. Select rate type for the project
ix. Click finish
x. A new project has been created

4.3.5 Steps in Creating W.B.S for a New Project

i. Go to the created project, right click and open the project
ii. Click W.B.S button on the project tool bar
iii. Click the add button on the editing toolbar to add W.B.S
iv. Click down arrow button on moving toolbar to add another W.B.S
v. To create a SUB -W.B. S, click on the created W.B.S
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 vi. Then click the add button

4.3.6 Steps in Creating Activities for a Project

i. Click on Activities
ii. Click on the W.B.S you want to add your activites
iii. Then, click on add button in the editing tool bar to add as many
activities under the W.B.S
iv. Click on the created activity to edit the name.
v. Click on the change duration tab to change the duration for the
activities

4.3.7 Project Scheduling Terms

Activity Relationship: An ordered link between 2 activities representing the
order of execution.
The 4 relationship types are:
FS – Finish to Start
SS – Start to Start
FF – Finish to Finish
SF – Start to Finish

Critical Activity: An activity that is on the project’s critical path.

Critical Path: A project’s critical path is the sequence of network activities
which add up to the longest overall duration. This determines the shortest time
possible to complete the project.
Critical Path Analysis: The analysis of a project schedule by its critical path or
longest path. The analysis aims to understand whether the project can be
completed on time and what key activities or milestones are a risk to the
project’s timely completion.
Duration: The number of calendar periods it takes (or is estimated to take)
from the time the execution of an element starts to the moment it is completed.
Early Start: The earliest time an activity can start within the logic and imposed
targets in the network.
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Early Finish: The earliest time an activity can finish within the logic and
imposed targets in the network.
Estimated Cost: An approximated cost derived through a cost estimation
technique such as using historicals or empirical methods.
Float: Float is the amount of time that an activity in a project network can be
delayed without causing a delay to the subsequent task or project completion
date
Gantt Chart: A time-based activity chart in which a series of horizontal lines
shows the amount of work done or production completed in certain periods of
time in relation to the amount planned for those periods.

Fig 4.2: Gantt Chart

Master Schedule: A high-level summary schedule or a schedule that is a
combination of other independent sub-schedules.
Late Finish: The latest possible date the activity must finish without affecting
the target finish date for the project.
Late Start: The latest possible start date for an activity to start without
affecting the target finish date for the project.
Predecessor(s): A predecessor activity is an activity that determines the start
date or finish date of a following activity based on a logical relationship.

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Through the knowledge and experience gained, I was able to create schedule for
the following project:
i. Emergency Replacement Of 2nos X 800a, 3 Poles Incoming National
Grid Circuit Breaker At Apapa Jetty
ii. Clean-Up And Remediation Of Oil Spill Impacted Site At Km 25
Atlas Cove-Mosimi Pipeline Right Way Axis In Ijegun Community,
Alimosho Lga, Lagos State.

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4.4 SUPERVISION
In order to gain more knowledge and field experience, I was posted to Atlas
Cove Depot in Lagos managed by the Nigeria Pipeline and Storage Company
(NPSC) a subsidiary of Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) for the
Rehabilitation of Fire Water Storage Tank 61 awarded to Shotech Engineering
Nigeria Limited
I was also able to go for the site inspection for the construction of Ore water
pump station at NPSC Ore Depot, Ondo state.

4.4.1 Project Description

Rehabilitation of Fire Water Storage Tank 61 - Tank 61 is a fire water storage
tank at atlas cove depot of height (H=19m) and diameter (D= 12.2m). The scope
being undertaken by the company include
i. Jacking up of tank to repair foundation and leaking base
ii. Replacement of damaged/leaking bottom plates
iii. Replacement of external spiral ladder, pipings and fittings,
iv. Repairing of perforations and serverely corroded areas around the
valve platform,
v. Providing sand and sandblasting the external wall and rooftop
vi. Providing and applying on the tank external wall and rooftop using
Alkyl zinc Silicate Primer
vii. Repairing/Servicing the inlet and outlet valves;
viii. Servicing and Replacement fluorescent (ex-rated) lighting points and
replacing bad cables
ix. Providing thinner to cover all paints works

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4.4.2 Tank Componenet Involved in The Rehabilitation Of Tank 61
Annular Plate: An annular plate is a ring of plates that sit directly underneath
the shell plate. It is tank bottom peripheral plate supporting the shell and to
which the shell is welded.

Fig 4.3: Diagram showing annular plate

Bottom Plate : Bottom plate sits inside the shell plate and is welded to
the annular ring plates. On a tank that doesnt have an annular ring, the
bottom plates will extend from underneath the tank shell.

Fig 4.4: Tank Bottomplate

Tank Manhole Closing: a flat plug designed to prevent accidental or

unauthorized access to the manhole. Manholes are usually round, primarily
because roundness is the best shape to resist the compression of the tank

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 Fig 4.5: Tank Manhole Closing
Gate valve: A gate valve can be defined as a type of valve that used a gate or
wedge type disk and the disk moves perpendicular to flow to start or stop the
fluid flow in piping.
A gate valve is the most common type of valve used in any process plant. It is a
linear motion valve used to start or stop fluid flow. In service, these valves are
either in a fully open or fully closed position.

Fig 4.6: Gate Valve

Flange: A flange is a protruded ridge, lip or rim, either external or internal, that
serves to increase strength; for easy attachment/transfer of contact force with
another object; or for stabilizing and guiding the movements of a machine or its
parts.

Fig 4.7: A Flange

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Gasket: A gasket is a mechanical seal which fills the space between two or
more mating surfaces, generally to prevent leakage from or into the joined
objects while under compression.

Fig 4.8: A Gasket

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4.4.2 Few Equipment used in Rehabilitation of The Tank
Angle Grinder
An angle grinder, also known as a side grinder or disc grinder, is a
handheld power tool used for grinding (abrasive cutting) and polishing.
Angle grinders may be used for removing excess material from a piece. There
are many different kinds of discs that are used for various materials and tasks,
such as cut-off discs (diamond blade), abrasive grinding discs, grinding stones,
sanding discs, wire brush wheels and polishing pads

Fig 4.9: Angle Grinder

Hydraulic Tank Jack Equipment
Hydraulic tank jacking equipment are devices used in operation of tank lifting.
They are used in construction and rehabilitation of tanks. The number of jacks
required for the tank lifting is determined by the size and weight of the tank.

Fig 4.10: Hydraulic Tank Jacking Unit

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Electrode
An electrode is a tip that is installed on the end of the tool and through which
the electric current is passed from the welder to the material

Fig 4.11: Pack of Electrode

Electrode Holder
An electrode holder, commonly called a stinger, is a clamping device for
holding the electrode securely in any position. The welding cable attaches to
the holder through the hollow insulated handle. The design of the electrode
holder permits quick and easy electrode exchange.

Fig 4.12: An Electric Holder

Scaffold
Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to
support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and
repair of buildings, bridges and all other man-made structure.

Fig 4.13: Scaffold

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Sandblasting Machine
Sandblasting machine is used in smoothing, shaping and cleaning a hard surface
by forcing solid particles across that surface at high speeds; the effect is similar
to that of using sandpaper, but provides a more even finish with no problems at
corners or crannies.
Sandblasting equipment typically consists of a chamber in which sand and air
are mixed. The mixture travels through a hand-held nozzle to direct the particles
toward the surface or work piece.

Fig 4.14 :Sandblasting Machine

Crane
A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist rope, wire ropes
or chains, and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to
move them horizontally. It is mainly used for lifting heavy things and
transporting them to other places.

Fig 4.15: Crane

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4.4.3 Activities Supervised
Isolation of The Tank
For work to be done, the tank 61 was first cleaned. The tank was dewatered and
sludge deposit were removed with use of labourers. Also, the mild steel pipe
connected to the tank 61 through tank 51 was cut off by angle grinder. Then, the
gate valve, flanges, tank manhole closings and gaskets were also disconnected
by unfastening using wrenches and spanner.

Fig 4.16: Picture showing the mild steel pipe connected to the tank 61 being cut
off
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Jacking up of Tank
In the process of tank lifting or jacking up of the tank 61, the hydraulic jack was
installed to the bottom of the tank 61. Hydraulic jack for storage tank lifting was
distributed on the circumference of the storage tank outer wall. The upper head.
the lifting rod and the expansion ring of the hydraulic jack was clamped and
welded to the body of the tank. Then, the upper head of the hydraulic jack is
returned with the piston ring. The lower clamping head was also welded and
clamped to the ground. The hydraulic jacks are connected in a series by means
of high pressure hoses and are connected to a high pressure pump from which
all jacks are jointly served. A slipper with a lifting arm transfers the fitting
power over a lifting lug welded to the shell plate . when the hydraulic jack adds
oil, the lifting lever and expansion ring will be chucked and lifted through its
top clamp, then driven the tank body (including the roof) upward. When the
hydraulic jack returns oil, the clamping head on the top of it returns back with
the position rod. In this case the lower clamping head automatic clamping
lifting rod will not decline until a predetermined height of 2m was reached.
10” x 10” and 4” x 4” Eki wood was placed under the bottom for proper
positioning of the tank and safety movement of personnel inside the tank

Fig 4.17: Picture showing the tank jack being placed around the tank
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Replacement of Damaged/Leaked Bottom Plates
In replacement of damaged/leaked bottom plates, the damaged bottom plate was
cut out using oxyacetylene gas cutting. 12mm bottom plate was used in
replacing of the old corroded bottom plates. The welding of the tank bottom
plates was followed in sequence to avoid bulges.
In welding of the annular plate to shell, intermediate supports are installed
between the tank shell and annular plates, to keep the correct angle. The butt
welds between the annular plates are welded from the inside as far as possible
and afterwards from the outside. The first welding was done outside. The
support was removed by grinding, the location of the supports were grinded and
inspected

Fig 4.18: Bottom plate

Fig 4.19: Picture showing intermediate supports installed between tank shell
and annular plates

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4.4.3.4 Replacement of Piping and Fittings
The corroded pipes and fittings were cut out using grinding machine. The new
mild steel pipes and fittings were measured and cut to the required sizes of the
removed corroded pipes using angle grinder. The end of the new mild steel pipe
and fittings were smoothened by using grinding machine.
Then, the new mild steel pipes were joined together using arc welding. The slag
on the welded joint surfaces were removed using angle grinder.
The new flanges were used in connection of the pipes and fittings to form a
piping system

Fig 4.20: Picture showing the end of new steel pipe being smoothened

Fig 4.21: Picture showing the steel pipe welded together

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 Fig 4.22: Picture showing the slag being removed

Fig 4.23: Picture showing flanges being fastened together

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 CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0 CHALLENGES ENCOUTERED

1.0 I had difficulties understanding a lot of terms and terminologies that was
used at the office during my first few weeks because they were new to me
2.0 Due to long hours of mobilization of equipment and materials to the site,
there were days where little or no activities took place on site.
3.0 Due to the COVID-19 restrictions, there were limited number of people on
site which extended the project completion date.

5.1 CONCLUSION
This report has been able to x-ray an account of the entire work – experience
garnered by me during my SIWES program at Shotech Engineering Nigeria
Limited which is a core scheme in ITF and which is saddled with the
responsibility of strengthening the effective teaching and learning of skill based
course such as Mechanical Engineering. I therefore concludes that SIWES is of
great benefit to students in tertiary institutions. I also concluded that SIWES is
confronted with series of challenges and this may have hindered the realization
of the goals and objectives of the scheme and it therefore needs to be given
attention by all concerned stakeholders. Also, my general relationship with
people and also work ethics has increased greatly.

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5.2 RECOMMENDATION
In view of the relevance of the SIWES program, it is important that it is
sustained by the government through the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) as it
exposes the student to work tools, facilities, and equipment that may not be
available in their respective institutions in relation to their course of study.
To this, I recommend that the following should be implemented:

i. It would be a thing of joy if the university can influence placement of

students in companies for industrial training as getting placement is
really tasking both financially and physically

ii. Allowances should be paid to students during their programme just

like NYSC and not after. This would really assist with transportation
and help a great deal to handle some financial problems during their
training course.

iii. It would be a great if students can be carried along on other projects

the company is running and not just that which they are assigned to.
As this would give a wider scope of knowledge.

iv. The companies should put in place all the necessary facilities needed
to enhance the knowledge of the student in industrial attachment.

v. There should be more funding of the scheme by the government in

order for it to be more effective.

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REFERENCES
• COREN (1991). Supervised Industrial Training Scheme in Engineering
(SITSIE). Council of Registered Engineers of Nigeria.

• ITF (1973). Policy Document No 1. Industrial Training Fund, Jos,

Nigeria.

• Ekwue, K.C. & Eluro, D.C. (2002). Business Education for industry. The
SIWES Experience. Business Education Journal, 11(5), 9-14

• Mohammed Kinan Othman (2016). Cost Estimation

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