Media and

Information
Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 2
Week 2
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A. QUARTER: Second
B. WEEK: 2
C. TEACHER: LOUIE J. RAMOS
D. CONTENT STANDARDS:
• The learner demonstrates understanding of different resources of media and
information, their design principle and elements, and selection criteria.
E. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS:
• The learner produces a living museum of electronic portfolio or any other creative
forms of multimedia showcasing their/his/her understanding, insights, and
perceptions of the different resources of media and information
F. MELC:
• Describe the different dimensions of
➢ text information and media
➢ visual information and media
➢ audio information and media
➢ motion information and media
➢ manipulative information and media
➢ multimedia information and media
G. LECTURE NOTES:
Topic: TEXT INFORMATION AND MEDIA
Media literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a
variety of forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing them with the competencies
(knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media and new technologies.
Learners are expected to be critical thinkers when it comes to use of the various forms of media.
They must not easily believe what they read; they must know how to discern the credibility of
the information given. In addition, the influx of social media poses a big challenge or a threat
on how these learners become effective individuals in expressing their thoughts, feelings, and
ideas.
As a learner, are you confident enough that you are delivering the right message
all the time? Do you always get the response that you expected? Are you the type who knows
how to evaluate and to discern information?
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In this lesson, you will be thought about the different dimensions of media and
information. How do these differ in forms and use?

How are you going to react

if you receive this text message?

What is the tone of this fraudulent message? (enticing, scary, informative, formal, encouraging,
etc.)
Why do you think Filipinos fall for this kind of fraudulent or scam text message?
Do you think that text-based messages are powerful?

What is a text?
It is a simple and flexible format of presenting information or conveying ideas
whether hand-written, printed or displayed on-screen. It is any object that can be "read",
whether this object is a work of literature, a street sign, an arrangement of buildings on a city
block, or styles of clothing. It is a coherent set of signs that transmits some kind of informative
message.
Text is very powerful as well in disseminating information, providing direction and
givingsuggestions.
Text is available in different sources whether it is formal (news articles, published
books, newspapers, magazines, advertisements, research works, etc.) or informal (blogs,
personal e-mails, SMS or text messages, online messengers, social media platforms, etc).
Text can be as short such as a single sentence or phrase, or they can be as lengthy
as news articles or investigative reporting. No matter how brief or lengthy, however, a text is
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always carefully written with the intent of sending a very specific message to the target
audience.
In our exposure to text media and information, we can either be a consumer or a
producer of content. As a consumer, these are the questions that you need to ask with regards
to the content of text media and information:
• Who or what institution is sending this message?
• What techniques are used to attract and hold attention?
• What is the language used by the writer?
• What views are represented? Are they balanced?
• How might the message be interpreted in different ways?
• What is omitted, slurred or added in the message?
As a producer of text media and information, we need to review the media and
information design framework: target audience, author or sender, key content, purpose,
form/style and format.

Types of Text and Common File Formats

Types of Text Description

HYPERTEXT serve to link different electronic documents
and enable users to jump from one to other in
a nonlinear way
PLAINTEXT or UNFORMATTED TEXT fixed sized characters having essentially the
same type of appearance
FORMATTED TEXT appearance can be changed using font
parameters (bold ,underline, italic, font size,
font color, etc.)
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HYPERTEXT
This title is a hypertext that will bring you to the first slide in this presentation.
This https://sites.google.com/site/textinformationandmedia/ is a hypertext that
will bring you to a reference about text information and media.
UNFORMATTED TEXT (Plaintext)
Comprise strings of fixed-sized characters from a limited character set. For example,
an e-mail message that contains only text without any style attributes and no graphics is
unformatted text.

FORMATTED TEXT
Comprise strings of characters of different styles, size, and shape together with tables,
graphics, and image inserted at appropriate point. Example: Rich Text Format (RTF),HTML.doc
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What is a typeface?

Also called font, font type, or type

TYPEFACE Refers to the representation or style of a

text in the digital format

Usually comprised of alphabets, numbers,

punctuation marks, symbols and other
special characters

TYPES OF TYPEFACES
SERIF
Connotes formality and readability in large amount of texts
Usually used for the body text of books, newspapers, magazines and research
publication.
Give a classic or elegant look when used for title or heading
Ex: Times New Roman, Garamond, Baskerville
SANS SERIF
Brings a clean or minimalist look to the text
Used for clear and direct meaning of text such as road signage, building directory
or nutrition facts in food packages
Give a modern look and is used primarily in webpage design.
Ex: Arial, Helvetica, Tahoma, Verdana, Calibri
SLAB SERIF
Carries a solid or heavy look to text
Can be used for large advertising sign on billboards
Ex. Rockwell,Playbill
Script
draws much attention to itself because of its brush-like strokes.
This must be used sparingly and not to be used in large body text.
This font is usually used in wedding invitation cards or other formal events.
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Examples: Edwardian, Vladimir, Kunstler

Decorative
caters to a wide variety of emotions (such as celebration, fear, horror, etc.) or
themes (such as cowboys, circus, holidays, summer, kiddie, etc.)
Examples: Chiller, Jokerman, Curlz MT

VISUAL INFORMATION AND MEDIA

Images are the simplest and the most effective way to make sure that the
information gets stored as a long-term memory. Learners are found to learn better when they see
visuals that may help in the retention of the most basic knowledge.

Do you consider yourself as visual learner?

Visual Media and Information

These are materials, programs, applications and the like that teachers and
students use to formulate new information to aid learning through the use, analysis, evaluation
and production of visual images.
EXAMPLES OF VISUAL MEDIA
VISUAL INFORMATION Photography Comic Strips/Cartoons
Video Memes
Screenshots Visual Note-Taking
Info graphics
Data Visualization (charts and graphs)
VISUAL MEDIA

Purpose of visual information

to gain attention
create meaning
facilitate retention
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COMMON VISUAL MEDIA FILE TYPES

Joint Photographic Experts Group

Graphic Interchange Format

Tagged Image File Format

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Portable Network Graphics

Bitmap

AUDIO INFORMATION AND MEDIA

Audio is considered as the salt and spice of any piece of art, device or project.
Without sounds, people perhaps may not appreciate a movie, dialogue, plays, or even news that
they watch on-screen. It tends to change the mood, feelings, or even the perception of one person
or another. Adding audio brings a stunning outcome to any device and information. It will
definitely draw attention and inspire people.
How do you find the experience of watching something without an audio?
Click this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=end-4OIPSck to experience it better.
What is an Audio?
It is a sound, especially when recorded, transmitted, or reproduced.
AUDIO MEDIA
Media communication that uses audio or recordings to deliver and transfer information
through the means of sound.

TYPES OF AUDIO INFORMATION

a. Radio broadcast - live or recorded audio sent through radio waves to reach a wide
audience.
b. Music - vocal and/or instrumental sounds combined in such a way as to produce beauty
of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. It is composed and performed for many purposes,
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ranging from aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, or as an entertainment

product.
c. Sound recording - recording of an interview, meeting, or any sound from the
environment.
d. Sound clips/effects - any sound, other than music or speech, artificially reproduced to
create an effect in a dramatic presentation, as the sound of a storm or a creaking door.
e. Audio Podcast - a digital audio or video file or recording, usually part of a themed series
that can be downloaded from a website to a media player or computer.
WAYS TO STORE AUDIO INFORMATION
• Tape - magnetic tape on which sound can be recorded.
• CD - a plastic-fabricated, circular medium for recording, storing,
and playing back audio, video, and computer data.
• USB drive - an external flash drive, small enough to carry on a key
ring, that can be used with any computer that has a USB port.
• Memory Card - (aka flash memory card or storage card) is a small storage medium used
to store data such as text, pictures, audio, and video, for use on small, portable, or remote
computing devices.
• Computer hard drive - secondary storage devices for storing audio files.
DIFFERENT AUDIO FILE FORMAT
a. MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3) - a common format for consumer audio, as well as a standard
of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of music on most digital audio players.
b. M4A/AAC (MPEG-4 Audio/Advanced Audio Coding) - an audio coding standard for lossy
digital audio compression. Designed to be the successor of the MP3 format, AAC generally
achieves better sound quality than MP3 at similar bit rates.
c. WAV - is a Microsoft audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs. It
has become a standard file format for game sounds, among others.
d. WMA (Windows Media Audio) - is an audio data compression technology developed by
Microsoft and used with Windows Media Player.
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Purposes of Sound
1. Give instruction or information
2. Provide feedback
3. To personalize or customize.
Hearing vs Listening
“Hearing is simply the act of perceiving sound by the ear. If you are not hearing-impaired, hearing
simply happens. Listening, however, is something you consciously choose to do. Listening requires
concentration so that your brain processes meaning from words and sentences. Listening leads to
learning.”
MOTION INFORMATION AND MEDIA
The illusion of motion pictures is based on the optical phenomena known as
persistence of vision and the phi phenomenon. This gives the illusion of actual, smooth, and
continuous movement. Long ago people find moving of simple objects entertaining. Until such
time that this moving object is turned into motion pictures and evolves into movies today. But
still, this motion picture still serves its purpose to use for presentations, illustrations, motivation,
and many others.

What is Motion Media?

Motion media are visual media that gives the appearance of movement. It can be
a collection of graphics, footage, videos. It is combined with audio, text and/or interactive content
to create multimedia.

First Motion Picture Ever Made

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What is Motion Information?

In the context of information, it can be inferred that motion information
means, information that moves. Thus, if connected to media, this pertains to videos that exhibit
the same idea.
STEPS IN FORMAL PRODUCTION OF ANIMATION:
• writing the story - writers and directors create the story board
• script is written and dialogue is recorded
• animators sketch major scenes; inbetweners fill in the gaps
• background music and background details are added
• drawings are rendered
MOTION MEDIA FORMATS
• Animations - animated gifs(Graphic Interchange Format), Flash, Shockwave,
Dynamic
HTML
• Video formats/Video Codecs - motion media use large resources. Codecs
compresses and decompresses video files. Examples are H.26N series, Quicktime,
DivX, MPG, MP4
PURPOSES OF MOTION MEDIA
1. for education
2. for entertainment
3. for advertising

MANIPULATIVE INFORMATION AND MEDIA

Media manipulation currently shapes everything you read, hear and watch online.
Everything. In the old days, we only had a few threats to fear when it came to media
manipulation: the government propagandist and the hustling publicist. They were serious
threats, but vigilance worked as a clear and simple defense. They were the exceptions rather
than the rule—they exploited the fact that the media was trusted and reliable. Today, with our
blog and web driven media cycle, nothing can escape exaggeration, distortion, fabrication and
simplification.
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What is your experience with the use of your Facebook account?

What is interactive media?
Interactive Media – a method of
communication in which the program's outputs
depend on the user's inputs, and the user's inputs
in turn affect the program's outputs. Interactive
media engage the user and interact with him or
her in a way that non-interactive media do not.
Websites and video games are two common types
of interactive media.
Interactivity – the communication process that takes place between humans and
computer software. The most constant form of interactivity is typically found in games, which
need a continuous form of interactivity with the gamer. Database applications and other
financial, engineering and trading applications are also typically very interactive.
Different platforms of interactive media
a. Mobile apps - a software application developed specifically for use on small,
wireless computing devices such as smartphones and tablets, rather than desktop or laptop
computers.
b. 3D TV - a television display technology that enables a three-dimensional effect, so
that viewers perceive that an image has depth as well as height and width, similar to objects in
the real world.
c. Video games (multi-player) - a game played by electronically manipulating images
produced by a computer program on a television screen or other display screen. Multiplayer
games allow two or more players to play with one another or play together.
d. Role-playing games (RPG) - a game in which players assume the roles of characters
in a fictional setting. Players take responsibility for acting out these roles within a narrative,
either through literal acting or through a process of structured decision-making or character
development.
e. Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG) - any story-driven
online video game in which a player, taking on the persona of a character in a virtual or fantasy
world, interacts with a large number of other players.
f. Interactive websites (pools, surveys, exams, exercises)
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g. Virtual reality and immersive environments - the computer-generated simulation

of a three-dimensional image or environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly real or
physical way by a person using special electronic equipment, such as a helmet with a screen
inside or gloves fitted with sensors.
h. Social media - websites or online services where users (actual people) are the
creators and consumers of the content, and where social interactions (commenting, liking,
posting, talking) are the main features of content.
Examples are Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, Vine,

MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION AND MEDIA

Over the years, it has been established

that information can be expressed through text,
speech, sound, graphics or images, animation, and
video. A combination of these media sources is
considered multimedia.

What is Multimedia?
Dave Marshall defines multimedia as “the field concerned with the computer-
controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, still and moving images (video), animation,
audio, and any other media where every type of information can be represented, stored,
transmitted and processed digitally.”

Uses of Multimedia
• Entertainment and Fine Arts (movies and animation, interactive multimedia, others)
• Education (computer-based training courses, edutainment (blend of education and
entertainment, others)
• Engineering, Mathematical and Scientific Research (modelling, simulation, others)
• Industry (presentation for shareholders, superiors and coworkers, employee training,
advertising and marketing, others)
• Medicine (virtual surgery, simulation, others)
• Multimedia in Public Places (stand-alone terminals and kiosks in hotels, railway stations,
shopping malls, museums, and grocery stores; digital bulletin boards; others)
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ACTIVITY
DIMENSIONS OF MEDIA
LET’S ANSWER!

Directions: Describe the different dimensions of media based on the previous lesson and provide
examples for each.
DIMENSION DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
Text and Information Media

Visual information and Media

Audio Information and Media

Motion Information and

Media

Manipulative Information
and Media

Multimedia Information and

Media