III B.

Sc 6th Semester Paper - 10 Cloud Computing Unit I

UNIT 1
Cloud Computing Overview – Origins of Cloud computing – Cloud components –
Essential characteristics – On-demand self- service, Broad network access, Location
independent resource pooling, Rapid elasticity, measured service.
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Introduction to Cloud Computing:
Cloud Computing provides us means by which we can access the applications as
utilities over the internet. It allows us to create, configure, and customize the business
applications online.
What is Cloud?
The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet. In other words, we can say
that Cloud is something, which is present at remote location. Cloud can provide
services over public and private networks, i.e., WAN, LAN or VPN.
Applications such as e-mail, web conferencing, customer relationship
management (CRM) execute on cloud.
What is Cloud Computing?
Cloud Computing refers to manipulating, configuring, and accessing the
hardware and software resources remotely. It offers online data storage,
infrastructure, and application.

Cloud computing offers platform independency, as the software is not

required to be installed locally on the PC. Hence, the Cloud Computing is making our
business applications mobile and collaborative (Two-Way).

1. Explain basic Concepts of Cloud Computing.

There are certain services and models working behind the scene making the cloud
computing feasible and accessible to end users. Following are the working models for
cloud computing:
✓ Deployment Models
✓ Service Models

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III B.Sc 6th Semester Paper - 10 Cloud Computing Unit I

Deployment Models
Deployment models define the type of access to the cloud, i.e., how the cloud is
located? Cloud can have any of the four types of access: Public, Private, Hybrid,
and Community.

Public Cloud
The public cloud allows systems and services to be easily accessible to the general
public. Public cloud may be less secure because of its openness.
Private Cloud
The private cloud allows systems and services to be accessible within an organization.
It is more secured because of its private nature.
Community Cloud
The community cloud allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of
organizations.
Hybrid Cloud
The hybrid cloud is a mixture of public and private cloud, in which the critical activities
are performed using private cloud while the non-critical activities are performed using
public cloud.

Cloud Service Models:

Cloud computing is based on service models. These are categorized into three basic
service models which are –

✓ Infrastructure-as–a-Service(IaaS)
✓ Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
✓ Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

Each of the service models inherits the security and management mechanism
from the underlying model, as shown in the following diagram:

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III B.Sc 6th Semester Paper - 10 Cloud Computing Unit I

Infrastructure-As-A-Service (IAAS)
IaaS provides access to fundamental resources such as physical machines, virtual
machines, virtual storage, etc.

Platform-As-A-Service (PAAS)
PaaS provides the runtime environment for applications, development and
deployment tools, etc.

Software-As-A-Service (SAAS)
SaaS model allows using software applications as a service to end-users.

2. Explain Origins of Cloud Computing.

The concept of Cloud Computing came into existence in the year 1950 with
implementation of mainframe computers, accessible via thin/static clients. Since
then, cloud computing has been evolved from static clients to dynamic ones and
from software to services. The following diagram explains the evolution of cloud
computing:

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III B.Sc 6th Semester Paper - 10 Cloud Computing Unit I

Since the 1960s, cloud computing has developed along a number of lines, with
Web 2.0 being the most recent evolution. However, since the internet only started to
offer significant bandwidth in the 1990s, cloud computing for the masses has been
something of a late developer.

One of the first milestones in cloud computing history was the arrival of
Salesforce.com in 1999, which pioneered the concept of delivering enterprise
applications via a simple website. The services firm paved the way for both specialist
and mainstream software firms to deliver applications over the internet.

The next development was Amazon Web Services in 2002, which provided a
suite of cloud-based services including storage, computation and even human
intelligence through the Amazon Mechanical Turk.

In 2006, Amazon launched its Elastic Compute cloud (EC2) as a commercial

web service that allows small companies and individuals to rent computers on which
to run their own computer applications.

“Amazon EC2/S3 was the first widely accessible cloud computing

infrastructure service,” said Jeremy Allaire, CEO of Brightcove, which provides its
SaaS online video platform to UK TV stations and newspapers.
Google Apps:
Another big milestone came in 2009, as Web 2.0 hit its stride (step), and
Google and others started to offer browser-based enterprise applications, though
services such as Google Apps.

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III B.Sc 6th Semester Paper - 10 Cloud Computing Unit I
3. Explain Cloud Components.
In a simple, topological sense, a cloud computing solution is made up of
several elements: Clients, the datacenter, and distributed servers.
Clients:
Clients are, in a cloud computing architecture, the exact same things that they
are in a plain, old, everyday local area network (LAN). They are, typically, the
computers that just sit on your desk. But they might also be laptops, tablet computers,
mobile phones, or PDAs (Personal Digital Assistance)—all big drivers for cloud
computing because of their mobility.
Anyway, clients are the devices that the end users interact with to manage their
information on the cloud. Clients generally fall into three categories:

➢ Mobile: Mobile devices include PDAs or smart phones, like a Blackberry,

Windows Mobile Smartphone, or an iPhone.
➢ Thin Clients are computers that do not have internal hard drives, but rather let
the servers do all the work, but then display the information.
➢ Thick This type of client is a regular computer, using a web browser like Firefox
or Internet Explorer to connect to the cloud.

Thin clients are becoming an increasingly popular solution, because of their price
and effect on the environment. Some benefits to using thin clients include

➢ Lower hardware costs Thin clients are cheaper than thick clients because they
do not contain as much hardware. They also last longer before they need to be
upgraded or become obsolete.
➢ Lower IT costs Thin clients are managed at the server and there are fewer
points of failure.
➢ Security Since the processing takes place on the server and there is no hard
drive, there’s less chance of malware invading the device. Also, since thin clients
don’t work without a server, there’s less chance of them being physically stolen.
➢ Data security Since data is stored on the server, there’s less chance for data
to be lost if the client computer crashes or is stolen.
➢ Less power consumption Thin clients consume less power than thick clients.
This means you’ll pay less to power them, and you’ll also pay less to air-condition
the office.
➢ Ease of repair or replacement If a thin client dies, it’s easy to replace. The
box is simply swapped out and the user’s desktop return exactly as it was before
the failure.
➢ Less noise Without a spinning hard drive, less heat is generated and quieter
fans can be used on the thin client.

Datacenter:

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III B.Sc 6th Semester Paper - 10 Cloud Computing Unit I
The datacenter is the collection of servers where the application to which you
subscribe is housed. It could be a large room in the basement of your building or a
room full of servers on the other side of the world that you access via the Internet.
A growing trend in the IT world is virtualizing servers. That is, software can be installed
allowing multiple instances of virtual servers to be used. In this way, you can have
half a dozen virtual servers running on one physical server.

Distributed Servers:
But the servers don’t all have to be housed in the same location. Often, servers
are in geographically disparate locations. But to you, the cloud subscriber, these
servers act as if they’re humming away right next to each other.
This gives the service provider more flexibility in options and security. For
instance, Amazon has their cloud solution in servers all over the world. If something
were to happen at one site, causing a failure, the service would still be accessed
through another site. Also, if the cloud needs more hardware, they need not throw
more servers in the safe room—they can add them at another site and simply make it
part of the cloud.

4. Explain Characteristics of Cloud Computing.

There are four key characteristics of cloud computing. They are shown in the
following diagram:

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III B.Sc 6th Semester Paper - 10 Cloud Computing Unit I
On Demand Self Service
Cloud Computing allows the users to use web services and resources on
demand. One can logon to a website at any time and use them. A consumer can
unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage,
as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service
provider

Broad Network Access

Since cloud computing is completely web based, it can be accessed from
anywhere and at any time. Capabilities are available over the network and accessed
through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client
platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations).

Resource Pooling
Cloud computing allows multiple properties to share a pool of resources. One
can share single physical instance of hardware, database and basic infrastructure,
virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer
demand.

Rapid Elasticity
It is very easy to scale the resources vertically or horizontally at any time. Scaling
of resources means the ability of resources to deal with increasing or decreasing
demand. The resources being used by customers at any given point of time are
automatically monitored.

Measured Service
Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a
metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service
(e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can
be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider
and consumer of the utilized service.

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The following are the Important Questions:

1. Explain basic Concepts of Cloud Computing.

2. Explain History of Cloud Computing.
3. Explain Cloud Components.
4. Explain Characteristics of Cloud Computing.

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