English Legalese Translation
English Legalese Translation
Wacana 21 No.
21 3No.
(2020): 446-474
3 (2020)
1. Introduction
Legal documents have always been among the most difficult texts to translate.
In addition to the different legal systems of the source and target cultures,
the specialized language used in most legal documents also contributes to the
difficulty faced by translators of such texts. Even though there have been some
movements towards using plain language in drafting contracts, many contracts
are still written in a distinctive style which characterizes the traditional legal
texts. Other than the frequent uses of long and very complex sentences, many
contracts use various terms which are rarely used in daily communication
settings. This paper sets out to investigate whether such words or phrases in
The authors can be reached at: [email protected] (Haru Deliana Dewi), andika.
[email protected] (Andika Wijaya), and [email protected] (Rahayu S. Hidayat).
More information about the authors can be found at the end of the article.
© 2020 Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia
H.D. Dewi, A. Wijaya, and R.S. Hidayat | DOI: 10.17510/wacana.v21i3.866.
Haru D. Dewi et al., English legalese translation 447
contracts, which have become distinct features of legal English, are translated
using language items which can also be considered distinct features of legal
language in Indonesian.
Studies on Indonesian legal translations, particularly those which focus
on the translation of words and phrases, are still scarce. Previous studies
on Indonesian translation of legal documents have tended to focus on the
translation methods, techniques or strategies employed by the translators
(Aris Wuryantoro, D. Edi Subroto, and Mangatur Nababan 2014; Hanifa
Pascarina, Mangatur Nababan, and Riyadi Santosa 2017). Meanwhile, the
study conducted by Ade I. Khairani (2008) on the Indonesian translations
of employment contracts focuses on the syntactical shifts in the translations.
Finally, overlapping very much with this study, a thesis written by Endang
D. Hastuti (2007) discusses the analysis the Indonesian translation of English
legal terms. However, unlike this study which concentrates on the translation
of terms and conditions in legal agreements, this earlier study focuses on a
law textbook on intellectual property rights. The study itself found that the
translator of the book managed to find the Indonesian equivalents of some
terms used in the book and employed phonological translations for these
without giving an Indonesian counterpart. Nonetheless, it can be argued that
the main purpose of the result of the study itself is to convey information
to their readers, while other legal documents such as acts of legislation and
contracts are performative texts (Lorenzo Fiorito 2006), whose main purposes
include setting out the rights and obligations of the parties involved.
This research serves as a preliminary study to identify the existence of legal
language features, particularly related to the lexical features, in the Indonesian
translations of English legal documents. This study is also expected to be used
as the foundation for many future projects, such as the compilation of an
English-Indonesian legal glossary or dictionary, training design for Indonesian
legal translators, and future research projects in the fields of translation
studies and terminology related to legalese. This paper will be presented
in the following format. After identifying the research gaps from previous
research and setting out the purpose of this research, the paper will discuss
the features of legal language in both the English and Indonesian languages.
In the next section, the paper will outline the method applied in this research.
The paper will then discuss the findings of the research. Finally, the paper
will present the conclusion made from the discussion in the previous section.
governing law and force majeure clauses in contracts and agreements (Cao
2007: 85). Meanwhile, long and complex sentences, verb nominalizations, and
impersonal language style resulting from the peculiar use of passive voice
and pronouns are among the syntactic features of legal documents written in
English (Cao 2007; Ina Verentina-Chiriac 2012). Last but not least, the lexical
features, or the features related to words and phrases, which are prominent in
legal documents written in English, consist of archaisms, formal vocabulary,
technical languages, synonymy, foreign words of Latin or French origin, and
modal auxiliaries (Cao 2007; Verentina-Chiriac 2012; Chen Yan and Yun Dai
2014).
This research focuses on the Indonesian translation of specialized words,
terms or phrases in English agreements. Therefore, the “legalese” features
which are not directly related to such language items, including syntactic and
textual features, will not be explored in more depth in this research. In contrast,
lexical features will be used as a reference to categorize the language items
in the source text and to see whether similar features exist in the Indonesian
translation. The section below will briefly outline the lexical features of legal
English and the features of Indonesian legal language.
2.1 Archaisms
These refer to words and terms which have become obscure over the years
since other terms with similar meanings have come to be used more frequently.
Examples of archaisms are: “hereinafter”, “arraign”, “surrejoinder”,
“aforesaid”, and some formal expressions which are often used by lawyers,
such as “pursuant to”, “prior to”, and “subsequent to” (Verentina-Chiriac
2012: 104).
These features, however, are also frequently criticized since they indicate
that there are still some ineffective or incorrect uses of Indonesian language
in Indonesian contracts.
It is also interesting to note that the official monolingual great dictionary of
Indonesian language (KBBI) puts a Huk [Hukum ‘law’] label on some entries.
The “Huk label” in KBBI is equivalent to the “law” label in many monolingual
English dictionaries. However, this application has been inconsistent. For
example, some purely legal terms, such as pidana, ‘criminal law’ and perdata,
‘civil law’, carry such a label, while others, such as wanprestasi, ‘breach of
contract’ and terdakwa, ‘defendant’ do not. The same is also true for polysemous
words. Some of these words, such as hak, ‘right’ and kewajiban, ‘obligation’,
have been accorded the Huk label to indicate their specific meaning in the field
of law. In contrast, there is no Huk label on other polysemous words, such as
beracara, ‘having an event’ or ‘taking a legal action in a court’, ayat, ‘verse (in
scriptures)’ or ‘paragraph (in legal documents)’, and kelalaian, ‘negligence’,
although one of the explanations of those entries has a specific meaning that
is only used in the field of law.
3. Method
The data sources of this paper are legal documents which are usually and
mostly confidential and cannot be accessed freely. Therefore, the data were
obtained from open-accessed websites on which the legal documents have
intentionally been provided for public scrutiny. This was done in order to
avoid any problems with confidentiality and copyrights. Four such legal
documents focusing on terms and conditions were acquired. Table 1 shows the
details of the data sources. All those documents shown in Table 1 are bilingual,
in English and Indonesian. They are about terms and conditions; therefore,
similar legal terms and expressions are to be found in those documents.
452 Wacana Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
From the many legal terms and expressions discovered in each document,
only seventeen are found in all four documents and two in three documents.
Therefore, the total number of terms and expressions discussed is nineteen. The
details of all the data can be seen in the Appendices. This paper has applied
a qualitative descriptive method by comparing the English version of the
agreements with the Indonesian version. The results have been categorized
based on the types of legalese terms and expressions explained in the
literature review, and the meaning of each term and expression was looked
up in an online legal dictionary called TransLegal (The World Law Dictionary
Project, https://www.translegal.com/legal-english-dictionary). We also used
Bloomsbury’s Dictionary of Law (Peter H. Collins 2004), Oxford Dictionary
of Law (Jonathan Law and Elizabeth A. Martin 2009), and https://www.
merriam-webster.com/dictionary to support the definitions or meanings
from TransLegal. Furthermore, the results were listed and analysed based on
their translation into Indonesian, and the meaning of the Indonesian terms
and expressions was looked up in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) online
and The online Indonesian law dictionary (https://kamushukum.web.id/). The
following section displays the results of the data analysis.
Type Result
1. Synonymy terms and conditions; any and all
2. Modal auxiliary shall; may
3. Technical terms party/parties, apply/applicable; liability/liabilities;
binding; prevail
4. Formal language expressly; deemed; termination; otherwise; compliance
5. Archaic words pursuant to; hereby; notwithstanding
6. Fixed expression in the event; including but not limited to/including and
without limitation
The analysis revealed that several terms have been translated consistently,
while for many others this is not the case, as discussed in detail in the following
section.
while in Indonesian language the word berlaku has the same meaning whether
it is in legal documents or not, and in KBBI this word is not labelled Huk.
The third term refers to the word “binding” (such as in “business
agreements”, intended to be legally binding), which is an adjective word.
According to TransLegal, this word ‘requires that any party to an agreement,
or any party to whom the ruling or law et cetera, is directed to obey the terms
of that agreement, ruling or law et cetera’. This word is translated consistently
in Documents A, B, C, and D as mengikat. Based on KBBI, this word has
several meanings, as it is a common word in Indonesian, but among these
definitions there is one which is related to law: “3. v wajib ditepati: perjanjian
yang ~ perjanjian yang mengharuskan kedua belah pihak menepatinya dengan
sungguh-sungguh”. This definition refers to ‘promise’, to faithfully observe an
agreement, or to enter into an agreement, yet it is not labelled Huk. Moreover,
in The online Indonesian law dictionary, mengikat cannot be found, yet the word
“binding” is found in this dictionary with the definition: mengikat dari segi
hukum, ‘legally binding’. These two words (“binding” and mengikat) are both
legal terms belonging to technical terms, having their own meaning in legal
documents.
The next word translated consistently is the word “deemed”. This word
is from a verb “deem”, but in legal documents it is always in a past participle
form “deemed”. According to TransLegal, the verb “deem” means ‘to judge
or have as an opinion’. This word, in its past participle form, is translated as
dianggap and, based on KBBI, it refers to ‘be considered’ and it is a common
word, not specifically used in law. However, in The online Indonesian law
dictionary, the word dianggap is not found. In English, “deemed” is a more
formal word for ‘considered’. Moreover, although this word can sometimes
be used in a general text, this word belongs to legalese formal language as its
history can be read in https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/deem.
In contrast, in Indonesian, the word dianggap is not considered as a legal term
or a legalese expression.
Furthermore, the fifth term found to be consistently translated is
“compliance”. This word as a single noun (not as part of a prepositional
phrase, such as “in compliance with”) means ‘the action or fact of acting
in accordance with a demand or a requirement’ (TransLegal). This word is
translated as kepatuhan in the four documents and, according to KBBI, it means
‘obedience’, which is not a specific word used only in legal documents but
used for any topic or in general. The word kepatuhan is also not found in The
online Indonesian law dictionary. The word “compliance” belongs to the formal
language type in legal documents, while its translation in Indonesian is not
considered a legal term.
The sixth term consistently translated is “hereby”, which is used to
emphasize something written in a document or to say that something is now
official (TransLegal). It is considered an archaic word. In all documents, it is
translated consistently as dengan ini, ‘with this’. However, the expression
dengan ini is not considered a legal expression in Indonesian and it is not
found in The online Indonesian law dictionary.
Haru D. Dewi et al., English legalese translation 455
”Any and all” also belongs to the synonymy legalese type and it basically
means ‘all’ (TransLegal). In Document B, there are two translation versions
of this expression: setiap dan semua (which is the same as the translation in
Document D) and setiap and seluruh (the same as the translation in Document
C). Setiap is actually ‘every’ or ‘each’, semua means ‘all’ and seluruh means ‘all’
or ‘entire’. In Document A, it is translated as segala dan semua, where segala
means ‘any’. In KBBI and The online Indonesian law dictionary, this expression
cannot be found, which could be the reason there is no consistent expression
of “any and all” in Indonesian.
Table 4 shows the English modal auxiliaries with their translations in
documents A, B, C, and D.
“Shall” is the most common used modal auxiliary in legal documents, and
it is used to indicate that something must be done (obligation) according
to TransLegal. It is also used to indicate that something will be done (future
action). Occasionally, it has no meaning in some contexts. All these definitions
of “shall” can be seen in Table 4. In documents A and C, “shall” is sometimes
translated as harus, ‘must’ and sometimes akan, ‘will’, while in Document B it
is translated as harus and akan, and sometimes it is not translated. In Document
D, sometimes it is not translated and sometimes it is translated as akan. Table
5 provides the examples.
Haru D. Dewi et al., English legalese translation 457
Document A: Document B:
ST1: …the supplier shall supply… ST3: Seller shall package all items…
TT1: …pemasok harus memasok… TT3: Penjual harus mengepak semua barang…
ST2: …shall also apply… ST4: Seller shall promptly…
TT2: …akan berlaku… TT4: Penjual akan dengan segera…
ST5: …shall constitute…
TT5: …merupakan…
Document C: Document D:
ST6: …shall be applicable… ST8: …we shall be entitled…
TT6: …akan berlaku…. TT8: …kami berhak…
Document C: Document D:
ST7: …shall be subject to… ST9: …we shall pass on…
TT7: …harus diperiksa… TT9: …kami akan melewatkan…
1
Document A: Document B:
ST1: …the buyer may assign… ST3: Apple may, at its option, decline…
TT1: …pembeli dapat menetapkan… TT3: Apple, atas pilihannya sendiri, dapat
menolak…
ST2: The Buyer may cancel a rejected ST4: …may be issued from time to time…
PO…
TT2: Pembeli bisa membatalkan … PO yang TT4: …sebagaimana sewaktu-waktu
ditolak. dikeluarkan….
Document C: Document D:
ST5: …any liability which may be ST6: …we may increase our spread…
imposed… TT6: …kami dapat meningkatkan spread…
TT5: …suatu kewajiban yang mungkin
diberlakukan…
ST7: …you may hold with Hirose…
TT7: …yang mungkin Anda miliki dengan
Hirose…
1
In all tables, ST = Source text; TT = Target text; number refers to the number of data.
458 Wacana Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Table 11 shows the archaic words with their translations. The first word
is “notwithstanding” which refers to ‘in spite of’ or ‘despite the fact or thing
mentioned’ (TransLegal). It is translated as tanpa mengabaikan and dengan
tidak mengindahkan which both mean ‘without ignoring’ in Document B;
meskipun, ‘although’, ‘even though’, ‘in spite of’, or ‘despite’ in Document C;
and tidak termasuk, ‘not including’ in Document D. This word is not found
in Document A. Based on the definition in TransLegal, it seems that the only
suitable translation is meskipun, but this word is a common word (a connector),
not considered as a specifically legal term. According to some professional
legal translators, “notwithstanding” should be translated as dengan tidak
mengindahkan, yet this expression is not found in The online Indonesian law
dictionary.
The second expression of the archaic language found is “pursuant to”. It
has the same meaning as ’in accordance with, relating to, or concerning a law,
resolution, contract, or other legal documents’ (TransLegal). In Document A, it
Haru D. Dewi et al., English legalese translation 461
Table 12 shows the fixed expressions with their translations. The first one is
“in the event” which has the same meaning as ‘if’ (TransLegal). It is translated
as jika, ‘if’ in Document A, apabila, ‘if’ or ‘when’ in Document B and dalam hal,
‘in the matter of’ in Documents A, C, and D. This fixed expression appears
more in English legal documents than the connector “if”, and in Indonesian
legal documents the expression dalam hal appears more frequently than the
words jika and apabila, even though this expression is not found in The online
Indonesian law dictionary. Similarly, the words jika and apabila are not found
in the law dictionary, as they are common words, not specifically used in
legal documents. The second expression is “including but not limited to” or
“including and without limitation”, which actually means ‘including’ based
on an online blog discussing the legal terms and expressions (http://www.
lawprose.org/lawprose-lesson-226-including-but-not-limited-to/). The blog
(Garner 2015) explains that this expression is part of the verbosity (too wordy
expression) which is one of the characteristics of legalese. In Documents A
and B, it is translated as termasuk namun tidak terbatas pada, in Document C
as termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada and in Document D as meliputi dan tidak
terbatas. All three of them have the same meaning, but the first two expressions
seem to appear more frequently than that in Document D. However, all these
Indonesian expressions are not listed yet in The online Indonesian law dictionary.
462 Wacana Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
5. Conclusion
To conclude, based on the analysis, we have discovered only six out of seven
types of legal language in Indonesian documents. One type, foreign words,
is not found in all the documents researched. Of the six types, six terms are
consistently translated which cannot be said of the other thirteen terms and
expressions. Only a few words of the Indonesian translations, such as berlaku,
mengikat, and kewajiban, are considered legal terms as they are listed in The
online Indonesian law dictionary consulted in the writing of this paper, although
not all of them are marked with the Huk label in KBBI. This also shows that
there is still inconsistency about what words are considered as legalese in
Indonesian between different dictionaries.
The translations of the rest of the sixteen terms and expressions are all
just considered common words and expressions which can be looked up in
KBBI but not in the Indonesian law dictionary. This discovery leads to several
assumptions that: (1) Indonesian legalese terms and expressions are not yet
established, unlike English legalese; (2) the Indonesian law dictionary has
not included the terms and expressions usually used in Indonesian legal
documents; (3) inconsistency and perhaps errors in the translation from
English legalese terms and expressions to Indonesian will continue to appear
quite frequently if the issues arising from (1) and (2) have not been dealt with
and resolved. The result of this paper is limited to the data found in those
four open-accessed documents, so further research into different types of
legal documents, such as regulations, laws, MOUs and others, is required to
obtain more conclusive evidence on the almost non-existent Indonesian legal
terms and expressions.
References
Bernadrova-Gibová, Klaudia. 2011. “On modality in EU Institutional-Legal
Texts”, in: Alena Kačmárová (ed.), English matters II, pp. 6-12. Prešov:
Prešovská univerzita.
Black, Henry C. 1910. “Legalese”, in: Black’s law dictionary. Second edition.
[Retrieved from: https://thelawdictionary.org/legalese]
Haru D. Dewi et al., English legalese translation 463
Andika Wijaya is a faculty member at the English Studies Programme, Universitas Indonesia
and a full member of HPI (Indonesian Translators’ Association). In 2015 he received his Master
of Translating and Interpreting from RMIT University and got a certification as a professional
English-Indonesian translator from the National Accreditation Authority for Translators and
Interpreters (NAATI), Australia. He is the Manager of Translating and Interpreting Program at
LBI UI. His recent publications include “Translation of nonstandard language and readability;
Analysis of Joseph’s speech in an Indonesian version of Wuthering Heights ”, SKASE Journal of
Translation and Interpretation 13/1 ( 2020: 34-49) and a co-authored of Dasar-dasar penerjemahan
umum (with Haru Deliana Dewi, edited by Rahayu S. Hidayat, Bandung: Penerbit Manggu,
2020,). His research interests include cross-cultural translations, translation and popular culture,
and censorship in translations. Andika Wijaya can be contacted at: [email protected].
Haru D. Dewi et al., English legalese translation 465
Rahayu Surtiati Hidayat has been retired recently from her position as senior lecturer
of translation studies and educational linguistics in the Master’s Degree Programme of the
Applied Linguistics, Translation of the Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia. She is a
translator mostly from French to Indonesian, a member of Himpunan Penerjemah Indonesia
(Indonesian Translators’ Association) since 1990 and a member of its Advisory Council since
2010. She has been Editor in Chief of Paradigma, Jurnal Kajian Budaya since 2016. Rahayu Surtiati
Hidayat can be contacted at: [email protected].
Appendix 1
466
shall be dianggap telah package all mengepak semua acceptance penerimaan liable for losses… bertanggung
deemed menerima… items in… barang dalam… containing dimaksud jawab atas
to have additional or yang berisi kerugian…
accepted… different terms persyaratan
shall be deemed persyaratan
… tambahan dan
berbeda akan
dianggap…
The Supplier Pemasok harus Seller shall Penjual akan Buyer shall Pembeli harus The Agreement Perjanjian ini
shall supply to memasok promptly…. dengan segera... discontinue menghentikan comes into effect mulai berlaku
the Buyer, the produk… further use of penggunaan on the date pada tanggal
products… such Licenses. selanjutnya atas we notify you saat kami
Lisensi tersebut. or first accept memberitahu
a trade from Anda atau
you, and shall pertama
supersede…. menerima
perdagangan
dari Anda,
dan akan
menggantikan…
…shipment ...pengiriman
of the Goods Barang atau
or beginning dimulainya
performance pelaksanaan Jasa
of any oleh Penjual
Services by merupakan
Seller shall persetujuan
constitute tersebut.
such assent.
4 May The Buyer Pembeli dapat Apple may, Apple, atas ...any liability ...suatu We may increase Kami dapat
may menetapkan at its option, pilihannya which may kewajiban our spread… meningkatkan
assign the sebagian … decline… sendiri, dapat be imposed yang mungkin spread…
Agreement in menolak… or threatened diberlakukan
part… against Buyer… atau diancamkan
terhadap
Pembeli…
Haru D. Dewi et al., English legalese translation
any penalty apapun atau at its option, pilihannya which may kewajiban executed which dieksekusi, dan
or further kewajiban atau decline to sendiri, dapat be imposed yang mungkin could cause hal ini dapat
obligation or liabilitas lebih accept the menolak or threatened diberlakukan liability for you; menimbulkan
liability: lanjut: Goods and menerima Barang against Buyer… atau diancamkan kerugian untuk
cancel the dan membatalkan terhadap Anda;
PO without PO tanpa Pembeli…
liability… menanggung
...no UGC ...UGC tidak The intention of Tujuan dari
kewajiban
shall be party boleh terlibat a Stop Order is to Stop Order
apapun…
to or have any atau memiliki limit the liability adalah untuk
liability for kewajiban of the trade. membatasi
payment of membayar kewajiban dari
such Products. Produk perdagangan.
tersebut.
...adequate ... asuransi Nothing in our Tidak ada dalam
general tanggung Agreement shall Perjanjian yang
liability jawab exclude or limit mengesam-
insurance…. umum yang our liability: pingkan atau
memadai…. membatasi
tanggung
jawab kami:
6 Prevail ... the parties ...semua pihak …the English …maka yang …the English …maka teks The FSA Rules Peraturan FSA
agree that setuju bahwa text shall berlaku adalah text shall bahasa Inggris will prevail akan mengatasi
Wacana Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
the English versi Inggris prevail … teks bahasa prevail…. yang akan over this Perjanjian ini…
version shall yang akan Inggris… berlaku…. Agreement….
prevail. digunakan.
...the market … kondisi
conditions and market dan
available quotes harga yang
that prevailed at tersedia yang
that time. berlaku di
waktu itu.
7 Expressly ...unless ...kecuali jika The parties Para pihak Buyer’s order Pesanan pembeli [Not found] [Not found]
expressly disetujui oleh expressly dengan tegas expressly limits secara tegas
agreed by kedua belah agree that… sepakat bahwa…. acceptance to membatasi
both parties. pihak. Terms…. penerimaan
Ketentuan-
ketentuan …
... unless ...kecuali Buyer and Seller Penjual dan
expressly dinyatakan expressly waive Pembeli dengan
stated as secara the applicability ini mengesam-
binding in the tersurat dalam of… pingkan
CTC. CTC. penerapan…
8 Termination ... with ...dengan Upon Setelah …prior to ...sebelum In the event of a Dalam hal
additional pihak ketiga termination pengakhiran the date of tanggal termination of terjadinya
third parties tambahan of this Perjanjian ini termination, pengakhiran, your Account, penghentian
entered yang dilakukan Agreement for atas alasan apa Akun Anda,
into before sebelum any reason, pun,
termination… pengakhiran…
The Perjanjian
Agreement ini akan
shall apply berlaku sampai
until the habis masa
expiry or berlakunya
termination…. atau sampai
pemutusan….
Haru D. Dewi et al., English legalese translation
471
9 Otherwise (whether such (baik apakah …implied …yang secara Unless Kecuali Pembeli ...(unless ...(kecuali
472
risk arises as a risiko tersebut by statute or tidak langsung Buyer directs memberikan the context terdapat konteks
result of non– timbul akibat otherwise. dinyatakan oleh otherwise… arahan yang otherwise lain)
conforming Produk yang undang-undang lain… requires)
Products or tidak sesuai atau lainnya.
otherwise). atau lainnya).
...except as ...kecuali jika Unless Kecuali disebut ...shall renew ...akan ...unless we ...kecuali kami
specified ditetapkan otherwise lain di bagian annually unless diperbarui setiap agree otherwise, setuju akan
otherwise sebaliknya specified on depan PO… otherwise tahun kecuali trade with us as hal sebaliknya,
in the PO or dalam PO atau the face of a terminated by sebaliknya principal; melakukan
CTC… CTC… PO… Buyer, diakhiri oleh transaksi dengan
Pembeli, kami sebagai
prinsipal;
Unless Kecuali bila
otherwise disebutkan
specified in a dalam CTC,
CTC,
(whether (baik yang
presented disampaikan
electronically secara
or otherwise) elektronik atau
dengan cara
lain)
Wacana Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
10 Notwithstan- [Not found] [Not found] Notwithstan- Tanpa Notwithstan- Meskipun (notwithstan- (tidak
ding ding anything mengabaikan ding anything terdapat ding any termasuk
to the contrary ketentuan yang to the contrary ketentuan payments or pembayaran
herein, tercakup dalam contained lainnya yang receipts of atau penerimaan
dokumen ini, herein, menetapkan charges or similar dari biaya atau
sebaliknya yang items) barang serupa)
terdapat dalam
Dokumen ini,
Notwithstan- Dengan tidak
ding the mengindahkan
foregoing, hal-hal tersebut
di atas,
11 Pursuant to ...required to ...diperlukan ...it will be ...sengketa All goods Seluruh barang …in respect …sehubungan
be put in place untuk diadakan resolved tersebut akan furnished yang diberikan of trades dengan trading
pursuant to sesuai dengan pursuant to diselesaikan pursuant to menurut undertaken yang dilakukan
(g); (g); Section 18 berdasarkan Buyer’s order pesanan Pembeli pursuant to this berdasarkan
below. Bagian 18 di shall be subject harus… Agreement Perjanjian ini
bawah ini. to…
...approved ...disetujui oleh …where required ...sesuai
by relevant pejabat yang pursuant to any yang telah
authorities berwenang applicable law… dipersyaratkan
pursuant atas Peraturan menurut hukum
to Data Perlindungan yang berlaku…
Protection Data.
Legislation.
12 In the event …on giving …pada saat In the event Apabila In the event Dalam hal
notice in the menyampaikan Seller fails to Penjual tidak of a breach by terjadi suatu
Haru D. Dewi et al., English legalese translation
not limited laws, terkait, but not namun tidak not limited to, tetapi tidak outside our diluar kendali
to/Including including but termasuk limited to, terbatas pada, disclosing the terbatas pada, reasonable kami, termasuk,
and without not limited to namun tidak any type of jenis asuransi. existence of pengungkapan control, tapi tidak
limitation government- terbatas pada insurance. this Document keberadaan including, but terbatas pada:
tal, legal, persyaratan and any other Dokumen not limited to: perubahan
regulatory pemerintah, documents dan seluruh any change of hukum…
and persyaratan related there to) dokumen lain law…
professional hukum, yang terkait
require- persyaratan dengannya)
ments… peraturan dan
persyaratan
professional…
...including ...termasuk ...all ...semua
without namun tidak information, informasi, baik
limitation, terbatas pada, whether tertulis atau
reimburse- ganti rugi oleh written lisan, dalam
ment by Pemasok… or oral, in bentuk apapun,
Supplier… any form, termasuk
including namun tidak
without terbatas pada
limitation, informasi yang
information terkait dengan…
relating to…
Wacana Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)