11/12

DRRR
Quarter 1 – Module 13
Analyze the effects of the different earthquake hazards
DRRR– Grade 11/12
Quarter 1 – Module 13: Analyze the effects of the different earthquake hazards

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Sharlene Ann B. Isidoro

Editors: Jose Roy S. Aguilar

Ma. Claudette C. Borrega
Jezrahel T. Omadto

Reviewers: Jezrahel T. Omadto

Language Editors: Anabel B. Tendenilla

Imee S. Gabion
Hazel T. Vargas

Cover Page Artist: Prince Lee A. Burce

Layout Artist: Sharlene Ann B. Isidoro

Analyze the effects of the different
earthquake hazards

DRR11/12-If-g-19
 Supplementary Learning Module for Senior High School Learners

Effects of the Different Earthquake Hazards

Lesson

Earthquake is an unpredictable Let’s Begin!

phenomenon and its occurrence is
accompanied by various hazards
producing a disastrous effect. It would be
favorable if we know how to analyse the
corresponding effects of the different
earthquake hazards as one step in taking
measures for preparation and mitigation to
reduce the damage it may bring.

In this module, you will gain knowledge in analysing the potential hazards
brought about by earthquake in human lives, properties and in the environment.
Are you ready to partake in this journey towards learning? Then, be prepared in
accomplishing the tasks ahead!

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

Understand and explain the effects of potential

hazards brought by earthquake.
Analyze the effects of the different earthquake
hazards.

TRY THIS!

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write this
on the space provided before each number.

_____1. Which of the following can be triggered by an earthquake?

a. tsunami c. intense ground shaking

b. landslide d. all of these are triggered by earthquakes

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_____2. All of which are effects of liquefaction, except:
a. sinking and or tilting of structure above it
b. drowning of people
c. sand boil
d. fissuring
______3. An earthquake hazard that resulted to damage or collapse of structure and
eventually bring about liquefaction and landslide.
a. Tsunami c. Ground shaking
b. Ground rupture d. Earthquake induced landslide
______4. Liquefaction happens in any area or place during an occurrence of
earthquake.
a. No, liquefaction happens only in loose type of soil specially those that are
near bodies of water
b. Yes, liquefaction happens anywhere regardless of the type of soil present
in the area.
c. Yes, liquefaction always happens during an occurrence of an earthquake.
d. No, liquefaction occurs only on high land areas.
______5. Which of the following contributes to earthquake hazard risk?
a. Construction standards (building codes)
b. Emergency preparedness
c. Population density
d. All of the above

You may check your answers at the

answer key section. It is okay not to get all the
answers correct, this module will guide you to
better understand the topic. ☺

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 DO THIS!

Directions: A picture speaks a thousand words! Observe and analyze the

pictures and answer the questions that follow.

news.nationalgeographic.com. (2004). Effects of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami that severely damaged Indonesia and
Thailand. Retrieved from TOOLKIT FOR BUILDING DISASTER RESILIENT SCHOOL COMMUNITIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA.pdf

newsinfo.inquirer.net. (2013). Effects of the earthquake that hit Central Visayas, Philippines, in 2013. The magnitude of the earthquake
was recorded at 7.2. Retrieved from TOOLKIT FOR BUILDING DISASTER RESILIENT SCHOOL COMMUNITIES IN SOUTHEAST
ASIA.pdf

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 EXPLORE!

1. What are the effects of an earthquake that you can

see from the pictures?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Is it possible for some areas/places not to have this kind of effects brought
about by an earthquake? Why or why not?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

KEEP THIS IN MIND

There are various hazards brought about by earthquakes and

each of them has different effects, here as follows:
1. GROUND RUPTURE

The effects of the ground

rupture include fissuring and
displacement of the ground due
to movement of the fault.

To avoid the possible

effects of ground rupture,
PHIVOLCS advised the following:

• Avoid construction of structures

phivolcs.dost.gov.ph. (2018). A continuous fault scarp of the North Bohol
on top of an active fault Fault in Brgy. Anonang, Inabanga, Bohol. Retrieved from
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/earthquake-
• House or building should be at hazards

least 5 meters away from the

trace of the fault or from the
edge of the deformation zone.
• No structure or building should
be built within the buffer zone. It
could only be used for low-use
facilities (i.e Green space,
playing fields, gardens, parks,
garage and parking lot)

Gibson, Gary (2008). M 7.9 Sichuan Earthquake. Retrieved from

http://www.rcbcplaza.com.ph/media/uploads/4/Downloadables/PHIVOLC
S%20Understanding%20Earthquake%20Hazards.pdf

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 2. GROUND SHAKING

Phivolcs.dost.gov.ph. (2017). Ground Shaking Effects. Retrieved from phivolcs.dost.gov.ph. (2018). Hyatt Terraces Hotel in Baguio City
http://www.rcbcplaza.com.ph/media/uploads/4/Downloadables/PHIVO collapsed during the 16 July 1990 Luzon Earthquake. Retrieved from
LCS%20Understanding%20Earthquake%20Hazards.pdf https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/earthquake
-hazards

Effects of ground shaking includes damage or collapse of structure

and may consequently cause hazards such as liquefaction and landslide.

3. LIQUEFACTION

phivolcs.dost.gov.ph. (2017). Liquefaction Effects. Retrieved from

http://www.rcbcplaza.com.ph/media/uploads/4/Downloadables/PHIVOLCS%20Understanding%20Earthquake%20Hazards.pdf

Phivolcs.dost.gov.ph. (2018). Gasoline tank pops out in Dagupan City due to

liquefaction. Retrieved from
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/earthquake-hazards

Source: DOST-PHIVOLCS
Liquefaction may result to sinking and/or tilting of structure above it; sand
boil and fissuring.

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Localities prone to liquefaction:
a) are water-saturated (shallow water table), low-lying
b) have loose (unconsolidated), sand or silt deposits
• river banks, abandoned rivers, flood plains • swamps
• coastlines • reclaimed land

4. EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDE

Earthquake-induced
landslide may lead to erosion;
burial and blockage of roads
and rivers.

phivolcs.dost.gov.ph. (October 31, 2019). Aerial shots of Earthquake-induced Landslides in Makilala, Cotabato. Retrieve from
https://www.google.com/search?q=aerial+shots+of+earthquake+induced+landslide+in+makilala+cotabato.&oq=aerial+shots+of+eart
hquake+induced+landslide+in+makilala+cotabato.&aqs+chrome

5. TSUNAMI

phivolcs.dost.gov.ph. (2018). Damaged jeep due to tsunami during the 1976 Moro Gulf earthquake
Retrieved from https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/earthquake-hazards

The effects of tsunami

includes flooding; coastal
erosion; drowning of people
and damage to properties.

phivolcs.dost.gov.ph. (2017). March 11, 2011 Tsunami in Japan. Retrieved from

http://www.rcbcplaza.com.ph/media/uploads/4/Downloadables/PHIVOLCS%20U
nderstanding%20Earthquake%20Hazards.pdf

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 6. FIRE HAZARD
Indirectly caused by earthquake.
Fires can be sparked from power or gas lines or other flammable
facilities that are damaged during earthquakes.

Fire may start or aggravated by

the following:
o Fire outbreak by electrical short
circuit; toppling of lamps,
candles.
o Explosion of petroleum, gas
tanks may cause spreading of
fire
phivolcs.dost.gov.ph. (2017). 2011 M 9.0 Off the coast of Tohoku Japan. Retrieved from
http://www.rcbcplaza.com.ph/media/uploads/4/Downloadables/PHIVOLCS%20Understanding%20E
arthquake%20Hazards.pdf

Fire may burn anything that goes near with it and may bring widespread
damage to humans, animals, properties and the environment. It could kill humans
and animals through burning and suffocation and give off poisonous gases that
may pollute the environment.

7
 APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Directions: Explain what could possibly be the effects in the

given scenario during an occurrence of an earthquake.

SITUATIONS/SCENARIOS POSSIBLE EFFECTS

1. A family lives in a concrete
house near the highway far
from a river and a mountain.

2. Mountain climbers are going up

the slope.

3. Exchange students are staying

in a local family home in the
barrio near the river.
4. Friends are swimming in an
isolated beach.
5. Fishermen are on the open sea.

6. Passengers are in a jeepney

along a road with moderate
traffic.
7. A group of students are in an
open field.

8. Construction workers are

repairing the ceiling of the 12th
floor of the building.

9. Motorcycle riders are in the

middle of the bridge.

10. A family is having a picnic in a

park.

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 KEEP THIS IN MIND

Many seismologists have said that "earthquakes don't kill people,

buildings do". This is because most deaths from earthquakes are
caused by buildings or other human construction falling down during an earthquake.

Earthquakes located in isolated areas far from human population rarely cause any
deaths.

Thus, earthquake hazard risk depends on:

1. Population density

The higher the population density, the higher is the casualty of the hazard in a
certain area. The more people there are, the more deaths.

Example of this is the earthquake that happened in India during the year of
2001 that occurred in densely populated area that resulted in 20,000 deaths.

charleyrajkrblog.wordpress.com (2001).
Gujarat Earthquake in India 2001. Retrieved
from
https://www.google.com/search?q=2001+guj
arat+earthquake

2. Construction standards (building codes)

Building codes are sets of regulations governing the design, construction,

alteration, and maintenance of structures. They specify the minimum requirements to
adequately safeguard the health, safety, and welfare of building occupants. Non-
compliance to building codes will compromise the structures and the lives of its
occupants.

news.abs-cbn.com (October 31, 2019)

Kidapawan hotel nearly collapses after
magnitude 6.5 quake, several injured.
Retrieved from
https://www.google.com/amp/s/news.abs-
cbn.com/amp/news/10/31/19/kidapawan-
hotel-devastated -after-magnitude-65-quake

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 Presidential Decree (PD) 1096 also known as the Building Code of the
Philippines is the implementing rules and regulations existing in our country
having a purpose of enforcing uniform standards and requirements on building
design, construction, use, occupancy and maintenance to ensure public
welfare, property, health and safeguarding life.

3. Emergency preparedness
Less economically developed countries (LEDC’s) have less time, money
and expertise to prepare for hazards while more economically developed
countries (MEDC’s) have more money to prepare and lessen the effects of the
disaster.
Currently, the Philippine government intensifies the conduct of
earthquake drill in school and government offices as one step in preparation
and mitigation of the different earthquake hazards that the country may
experience.

Antipolo National High School (2019). First Quarter

Earthquake Drill. Retrieved from
http://www.fondglocal.com/PH/Virac/141565002605865
/Antipolo-National -High-School%2C-Antipolo-Virac-
Catanduanes

We should learn from the past experiences and prepare for the future since we
cannot control and stop disasters from happening, we can only limit the damage that
they cause.

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 DO THIS!

Directions: Encircle the number that correspond to your answer on the given
questions below. After answering all the questions, you have to sum up the points you
have acquired and match the result on the evaluation table.

This “House-Self Check” serves to understand and evaluate the integrity of your
house and its vulnerability to strong earthquakes. The initial result will verify whether
your house was properly built and followed appropriate construction procedures and
recommended measures or if it will require necessary strengthening.

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Phivolcs.dost.gov.ph (April, 2014). How Safe Is My House?. Retrieved from
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/vault/pdf/Publication_Earthquake%2520Prepared
ness/Flyer-How-Safe-Is-Your-
House.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiPi4GuvcDAhVsHKYKHbs9CysQFjAAegQIBRAB&usg=AOvVaw3AgGHpLLGvSZxNIg6PzP9R

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 What could possibly be the hazard/s that you and your family may encounter
based from the result of your “House Self-Check” Assessment?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________

What are the measures that you are going to do to minimize the possible effects
of those hazards that you and your family may encounter?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________

REFLECT

Congratulations for finishing the learning module! You’ve just had an amazing
journey of learning and you will also do the same in the succeeding modules.
At this time, can you share your insights by completing the following sentences,

I have learned that__________________________________________

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
I wish to ask my teacher about ________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

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 ASSESSED WHAT YOU HAVE
LEARNED
Directions: Analyze the questions and choose the letter of the
correct answer. Write your answer on the space provided before
each number.
_____1. All of which are contributor of having high risk in different earthquake hazards,
except ____.
a. Not following the construction standards (building codes)
b. Emergency preparedness
c. High population density
d. All of the above
_____2. What could possibly happen during an earthquake if your house is situated
above a fault line far from bodies of water?
a. You will experience an intense ground shaking and ground rupture may
appear in the area.
b. You would likely experience fire hazard
c. You may experience tsunami.
d. Both a and b
_____3. If you are living near a river what earthquake hazard may you experience?
a. earthquake-induced landslide c. ground shaking
b. ground rupture d. liquefaction
_____4. This hazard is indirectly caused by earthquake but could bring widespread
damage to human lives such as loss of property, lives and an air pollution as its
aftermath
a. fire hazard c. ground shaking
b. ground rupture d. liquefaction
_____5. In order to avoid possible effects of ground rupture such as fissuring and
displacement of the ground that could lead to damage of property, you should do the
following except,
a. Avoid construction of structures on top of an active fault
b. House or building should be at least 5 meters away from the trace of the
fault or from the edge of the deformation zone.
c. Buffer zone could only be used for low-use facilities like green space,
playing fields, gardens, parks and the likes
d. Structures or buildings should be built within the buffer zone.

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 GLOSSARY

The following terms were used in this

module and defined as follows…

Buffer zone- A fault avoidance zone or fault rupture zone that appears on the land
surface.
Earthquake-induced landslide- Down slope movement of rocks, solid and other
debris commonly triggered by strong shaking.
Fissuring- narrow opening or crack of considerable length and depth usually
occurring from some breaking or parting.
Ground rupture- Deformation on the ground that marks, the intersection of the fault
with the earth’s surface.
Ground shaking- Disruptive up, down and sideways vibration of the ground during an
earthquake.
Liquefaction- Phenomenon wherein sediments, especially near bodies of water,
behave like liquid similar to a quicksand.
Risk- The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets which could
occur to a system, society or a community in a specific period of time, determined
probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, and capacity
Tsunami- Series of waves caused commonly by an earthquake under the sea

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 ANSWER KEY

TRY THIS!
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. D

I. APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

POSSIBLE EFFECTS
1. Ground shaking can cause house to get cracks, falling objects can hurt
people. Fire can start.
2. Injuries, death if caught by landslide.
3. Panic, injuries
4. Death from a tsunami may arise if the earthquake is submarine
5. May experience very large waves
6. Panic, injuries
7. Since it is an open field, less hazard may encounter
Could be panic and may lead to minor injuries
8. The building will collapse and lead to death of the construction
workers, fire can start
9. Collapse of the bridge may lead to injuries and deaths and drowning
of people who are non-swimmers
10. Since it is an open field, less hazard may encounter
Could be panic and may lead to minor injuries

ASSESSED WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

1. B
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. D

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 REFERENCES

Petley, D. (2019, November 4). Cotabato, Philippines: large landslides from the
series of earthquakes in October 2019.
https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2019/11/04/cotabato-landslides/
Nelson, S.A. (2016, September 7). Earthquake Hazards and Risks.
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Natural_Disasters/eqhazards&risks.htm
Mangahas, R.Z. (2017, September 18). Understanding Earthquake
Hazards.http://www.rcbcplaza.com.ph/media/uploads/4/Downloadables/P
HIVOLCS%20Understanding%20Earthquake%20Hazards.pdf
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (n.d). The importance of Building
Codes in Earthquake-Prone Communities. https://www.fema.gov/media-
library-
data/1410554614185e0da148255b25cd17a5510a80b0d9f48/Building_Co
de_Fact_Sheet_Revised_August_2014.pdf
Department of Public Works and Highways. (2005, July 6). Implementing Rules
and Regulations of the National Building Code of the Philippines (PD 1096).
http://www.iibh.org/kijun/pdf/Philippines_02_IRR_of_NBC_of_the_Philippin
es.pdf

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