Reservoir Modeling

Fundamentals & Methods for

Reservoir Modeling
(Part 2-1)
Undergraduate program

Trần Văn Xuân -HCMUT

2021

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 Layout
Introduction
Chapter 1:
1. Subjective requirements
2. Objectives
3. Aims and meaning
Chapter 2: Methodology in developing Geological model
2.1 General of Geological model
2.2 Data base for model development
2.3 Methods for Geological model development
2.4 Structural modeling
2.5 Facies modeling
2.6 Petrophysical modeling
2.7 HCIIP estimation
2.8 Modeling assessment and consideration
2.9 Upscaling
Example
Chapter 3: Applying Geological model in HCIIP estimation
Data analysis
Modeling
Up-scaling
Cased studies
Papers
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Reference
1. Reservoir modeling, Richard Chamber, 2003;
2. Geostatistical reservoir modeling (2nd edition) - Clayton
Deutsch, Michael Pyrcz, Oxford university press, 2014;
3. Reservoir Characterization and Modelling, ASP lecture, 2013;
4. http://petrowiki.org/PEH:Geologically_Based,_Geostatistical
_Reservoir_Modeling.
5. http://www.oil-gasportal.com/reservoir-
management/integrated-reservoir-modeling/
6. RARs oil & gas fields in Viet Nam.

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 Introduction

Reservoir characterization encompasses all

techniques and methods that improve our
understanding of the geologic, geochemical, and
petrophysical controls of fluid flow.
It is a continuous process that begins with the
field discovery and all the way through to the last
phases of production and abandonment.

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 Introduction
Reservoir modeling is the final step in the reservoir-
characterization process, and consists of building an upscaled
geologic model for input to the fluid-flow numerical simulator. Dynamic
reservoir simulation is used to forecast ultimate hydrocarbon recovery
on the basis of a given production scheme, or to compare the economics of
different recovery methods. Conducting a dynamic flow simulation requires
several input data types.
The high-resolution geologic model (HRGM), for example, uses a grid-
size specification; a geometric description of bounding surfaces,
faults, and internal bedding geometries; a 3D distribution of permeability
and porosity; and relative permeability and capillary pressure/-
saturation functions or tables. Other necessary information could include
fluid pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) properties, well locations,
perforation intervals, production indices, production or injection rates,
and/or limiting production or injection pressures.

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 Introduction
This subject present reservoir-modeling technologies that
depart from traditional deterministic and stochastic
modeling methods, and examines closely the numerous
solutions that satisfy the constraints imposed by the data.
Using these tools, we can assess the uncertainty in the
models, the unknown that inevitably results from never
having enough data.
The material presented here is not heavily mathematical,
and we have purposely taken some liberties with notation
and terminology to make it easier for a novice or nonexpert
to understand the concepts. There are no theoretical
derivations or formal proofs given. Although mathematical
formalism is kept to a minimum, the presentation is not
simplistic. General equations and matrix notation are used
when appropriate.
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 Chapter 1

1.1 Subjective requirements

➢ Deep understanding related knowledge: seismic, well log,
core, PVT analysis, depositional environment, seismic sequence
stratigraphy;
➢ Allocation of Dimensionless, 2D, 3D models;
➢ Practicing in selective modeling software: Schlumberger
(>2013), Halliburton (>2012), Paradigm (>2012)…
➢ Based on given cased study (Viet Nam & worldwide),
determining the appropriate model, characteristics, approach,
application, risk analysis and reliable range of modeling results .

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1.2 Objectives
Building a suitable reservoir model calls upon the skills of many people.
• Geologists provide critical input on the sedimentology and
stratigraphy of the subsurface.
• Geophysicists provide valuable information on the geometry
of the reservoir and the internal distribution of reservoir
properties in the interwell region.
• Engineers, with their knowledge of flow processes and
production data, provide critical information on connectivity
and major heterogeneities.
We do not address any single discipline; the emphasis is on the
interdisciplinary interaction necessary to build numerical geological models
consistent with all available information sources.

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The Petrel E&P software platform provides a full range of tools to solve the most complex structural
and stratigraphic challenges—from regional exploration to reservoir development. Within a single environment, geoscientists can
perform the key geological workflows from stratigraphic and seismic interpretation through fracture, facies, and geocellular
property modeling to history matching and production simulation.
Enhanced geological understanding
A full suite of reservoir characterization tools enables geoscientists to develop stratigraphic and structural reservoir
understanding and move seamlessly from 2D maps to 3D models, providing accuracy throughout the exploration, development,
and production lifecycle.
•Generate well correlation panels and traditional map plots for printing and reporting
•Perform stratigraphic interpretation, contouring, map editing, and evaluation of structural complexity prior to geocellular
modeling
•Analyze data geostatistically prior to populating the geocellular model with facies and properties, using a range of deterministic
and stochastic algorithms
Advanced structural and stratigraphic modeling
The Petrel platform delivers workflows that greatly enhance reservoir knowledge.
•Construct and automate structural frameworks during interpretation
•Accurately represent complex structures with the unique volume based modeling technique
•Rapidly define critical flowing or sealing windows along faults, integration of fault properties, and geometries
•Perform dual-porosity and dual-permeability simulation of fluid-flow on facies such as carbonates, using modeled fracture
networks
•Improve prospect definition and well placement, using interpreted data to evaluate uncertainties in volumetrics, porosity,
permeability, structure, or any other relevant property
Reduced exploration risk
Comprehensive exploration capabilities—from regional evaluations to prospect generation& the following:
•Evaluation of key uncertainties on all components of the petroleum system: trap, reservoir, charge, and seal
•Rapid initial exploration screening at the play scale or for individual prospects
•Building of 3D models ready for full dynamic petroleum systems simulation in PetroMod software, and evaluation of the results
of PetroMod simulations directly in the Petrel platform
•Simulation of 1D petroleum systems models
•Assessment of play risk when prioritizing opportunities and enabling swift updates consistently—all results are directly
connected to data and interpretations​​
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1.3 Aims and meaning
This subject is not only aimed at the application of petroleum reservoir
modeling, it is also intended to be a theoretical reference textbook.
We focus on tools, techniques, examples, tradecraft, and providing
guidance on the practice of petroleum reservoir modeling.
Petroleum Reservoir Modeling would serve as a reference text for the
practitioner and be appropriate for an advanced undergraduate or
graduate class on reservoir characterization.

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 EXAMPLE OF SKUA RESERVOIR MODELING
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• The essential theory will be developed in the context of modeling
petroleum reservoirs.

• This subject is not designed around the modeling of a single reservoir.

Instead, a number of different reservoir data sets (esp. of Viet Nam) will
be used to illustrate specific techniques. This makes it easier to present the
diversity of useful techniques and to demonstrate the relative strengths and
weaknesses of alternative approaches.

• Various methods are presented. Guidance is given on when to use each

particular method. A fascinating, but often frustrating, aspect of
geostatistics is that there is a large combination of tools that can be brought
to bear on any problem. No attempt has been made to present an
exhaustive list of tools; however, citations to methods not developed have
been included. Omissions are the responsibility of the authors.

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CHAPTER 1:
1.3 Aims and meaning

Based on heterogeneity characteristics of natural, geological

conditions:
◆ Geological model can be describe all heterogeneities on
structural, lithological aspect and another petrophysics:
porosity, permeability, saturation as well;
◆ Reducing economical risks;
◆The results of model will be applied in next study: HCIIP
estimation, reserves prediction, appraisal, FDP…

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 In term of petroleum reservoir modeling, there are Five
questions on class should be answered:
1. What is reservoir modeling and what is the role of reservoir
modeling?
2. What essential background do you need before you engage in
reservoir modeling?
3. Are there how many main steps in reservoir modeling?
4. What do you do with the models once you have them?
5. What promising less mature or new developments might we
foresee in the future?

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