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Assignment-6: 1. Differentiate Aggregate Function and Scalar Function

Scalar functions operate on single values and return a single result, while aggregate functions operate on sets of data and return a single result. COUNT(*) counts all rows in a table while COUNT() counts non-null values in a column. ROUND() rounds a value to the nearest integer or specified number of decimal places, while TRUNCATE() truncates a value to the specified number of decimal places by removing digits. REPLACE() replaces all occurrences of a substring within a string with another string, while TRANSLATE() does an orderly character-by-character substitution. Age can be calculated from a date of birth using datediff() and date_format() functions.

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317 views4 pages

Assignment-6: 1. Differentiate Aggregate Function and Scalar Function

Scalar functions operate on single values and return a single result, while aggregate functions operate on sets of data and return a single result. COUNT(*) counts all rows in a table while COUNT() counts non-null values in a column. ROUND() rounds a value to the nearest integer or specified number of decimal places, while TRUNCATE() truncates a value to the specified number of decimal places by removing digits. REPLACE() replaces all occurrences of a substring within a string with another string, while TRANSLATE() does an orderly character-by-character substitution. Age can be calculated from a date of birth using datediff() and date_format() functions.

Uploaded by

Mihir Khunt
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ASSIGNMENT-6

1. Differentiate aggregate function and scalar function.

Scalar function Aggregate function


scalar functions operate against a single Aggregate Functions operate on
value and return a single value. complete sets of data and return a single
2. result.
Scalar functions can be placed aggregate functions can be placed only
anywhere. in select statement or with the clause
having.
A scalar functionis a function that An aggregate function is a function that
operates on scalar values -- that is, it operates on aggregate data -- that is, it
takes one (or more) input values as takes a complete set of data as input
arguments directly and returns a value. and returns a value that is computed
from all the values in the set.

scalar functions return a single value, aggregate functions return a single


based on the input value. value, calculated from values in a
column.

Useful scalar functions: Useful aggregate functions:


UCASE() - Converts a field to upper case AVG() - Returns the average value
LCASE() - Converts a field to lower case COUNT() - Returns the number of rows
MID() - Extract characters from a text FIRST() - Returns the first value
field LAST() - Returns the last value
LEN() - Returns the length of a text field MAX() - Returns the largest value
ROUND() - Rounds a numeric field to the MIN() - Returns the smallest value
number of decimals specified SUM() - Returns the sum
NOW() - Returns the current system
date and time
FORMAT() - Formats how a field is to be
displayed

Differenciate COUNT() and COUNT (*) with example.

COUNT(*) COUNT()
Counts the rows in table Counts the entries in a column-ignoring null
values
SELECT COUNT (*) val_count CREATE TABLE t(
FROM t; Val int
);
Output: INSERT INTO t(val)
VALUES(1),(2),(2),(3),(NULL),(NULL),(4),(5);
val_count
SELECT val FROM t;
-------------
8 Output:
Val
-------------
(1 row affected) 1
2
3
NULL
NULL
4
5

3. Explain Numeric functions ROUND() and TRUNCATE() with


proper Example.

The TRUNCATE() function is used to return the value of X truncated to D number of decimal
places. If D is 0, then the decimal point is removed. If D is negative, then D number of values in
the integer part of the value is truncated. Consider the following example –

mysql> Select TRUNCATE(7.536432,2);

+----------------------+

| TRUNCATE(7.536432,2) |

+----------------------+

| 7.53 |

+----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

The ROUND() function returns X rounded to the nearest integer. If a second argument, D, is
supplied, then the function returns X rounded to D decimal places. D must be positive or all
digits to the right of the decimal point will be removed. Consider the following example −

mysql>SELECT ROUND(5.693893);

+---------------------------------------------------------+

| ROUND(5.693893) |

+---------------------------------------------------------+

| 6 |

+---------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>SELECT ROUND(5.693893,2);
+---------------------------------------------------------+

| ROUND(5.693893,2) |

+---------------------------------------------------------+

| 5.69 |

+---------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4. Explain character function TRANSLATE() AND REPLACE() with


proper example.
Repalce:
The Replace function replaces one value in a string with another.
For example, you can replace each occurrence of a letter with matching number.

REPLACE (char,search_string,replace_string)

If value for replace_string is not specify, the search_string value, when found, is removed.

Possible input can be any character data types, like CHAR, VARCHAR2,NCHAR,CLOB.

SELECT REPLACE('COMPUTER','OM','AB')

FROM dual;
Output
-----------
CABPUTER

Translate:

Translate does an orderly character-by-character substitution in a string.

TRANSLATE (string,if,then)

SELECT TRANSLATE(1256364,2345678,'BDEFGHI')

FROM dual;

Output

----------

BFGDGE

5. Find Age of an Employee from his Date of Birth using suitable


date function.
SELECT DATE_FORMAT(FROM_DAYS(DATEDIFF(now(),'2010-11-25')), '%Y')+0 AS Age;

+------+
| Age |
+------+
| 8|
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

--- 196170307055

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