Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies,

Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2021 = 7.380, www.srjis.com

PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, JULY-AUGUST, 2021, VOL- 9/66

mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa dk
rqyukRed v/;;u

fczts'k dqekj1 & jesUnz dqekj xqIrk2] Ph. D.

1vuqla/kku
dÙkkZ] f’k{kk foHkkx] ,u-,-,l- ¼ih-th-½ dkWyst] esjB] mRrj izns’k] Hkkjr
2lg&vkpk;Z] f’k{kk foHkkx] ,u-,-,l- ¼ih-th-½ dkWyst] esjB] mRrj izns’k] Hkkjr

Paper Received On: 21 JULY 2021

Peer Reviewed On: 31 JULY 2021
Published On: 1 SEPT 2021

vkt ds izkS|ksfxdh o oSKkfud ;qx esa f’k{kk ds izlkj ds mijkUr fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ewY;ksa esa fxjkoV ns[ kus dks feyrh gSA
orZeku ;qx esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa dk vHkko gksus ds dkj.k muds ekufld o HkkSfrd fodkl ij izHkko
iM+ jgk gSA vk/;kfRed ewY; fo|kFkhZ thou ds izR;sd i{k dks izHkkfor djrs gSA vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ds }kjk fo|kFkhZ
Lo;a dk fodkl djrs gS ,oa Lo;a dks igpkurs gSaA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fo|ky; esa f’k{kk ds ek/;e ls vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ds
fy, izsfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA f’k{kk ds }kjk fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa vk/;kfRed ewY; dk fodkl gksrk gS rFkk vk/;kfRed
ewY;ksa ds }kjk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds O;fDrRo dk fodkl gksrk gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds thou esa ewY;ksa dk cgqr vf/kd egÙo gSA
vuqla/kku dÙkkZ us lEcaf/kr lkfgR; dk v/;;u fd;k rks ik;k fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa nksuksa izdkj ds ldkjkRed o
udkjkRed rFkk mPp o fuEu vk/;kfRed ewY; dk Lrj ik;k x;kA vuqla/kku dÙkkZ us vius v/;;u esa ’kgjh vkSj
xzkeh.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa dk rqyukRed v/;;u fd;k gS A ftlesa vuqla/kku dÙkkZ us U;kn’kZ ds :Ik esa
m0 iz0 cksMZ ds }kjk lapkfyr tuin&esjB ds 346 fo|ky;ksa esa ls ykWVjh fof/k dk iz;ksx djds 4 fo|ky;ksa dk
p;u fd;k] mlds ckn vuqla/kku dÙkkZ us ljy ;kn`fPNd U;kn’kZ fof/k dk iz;ksx djrs gq, lHkh fo|ky;ksa ls dqy
80 fo|kfFkZ;ksa ¼40 Nk= o 40 Nk=k,a½a ftuesa nks 'kgjh fo|ky;ksa ls 20 Nk= o 20 Nk=k,a rFkk nks xzkeh.k fo|ky;ksa
ls 20 Nk= o 20 Nk=k,a dk p;u fd;k x;kA vuqla/kku dÙkkZ us vuqla/kku esa o.kkZRed losZ{k.k fof/k ds vUrxZr
rqyukRed vuqla/kku fof/k dk iz;ksx fd;k gS rFkk iznÙkksa ds ladyu ds fy, vuqla/kku dÙkkZ us izek.khd`r midj.k
Qksft;k ute] izks- vdcj gqlSu vkSj MkW0 ,l0 ,e0 [kku }kjk fufeZr ^^vk/;kfRed ewY; ekiuh** dk iz;ksx fd;k
x;k gSA iznÙkksa ds fo’ys"k.k ds fy, vuqla/kku dÙkkZ us e/;eku] ekud fopyu] Vh&eku ,oa SPSS 2-0 lkW¶Vos;j
dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA ftlds ifj.kke ds :Ik esa ;g izkIr gqvk fd 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ds
e/; dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ns[kus dks ugh feyk gS] ’kgjh Nk= vkSj Nk=kvks ds vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ds e/; dksbZ lkFkZd
vUrj ugh feyk] xzkeh.k Nk= vkSj Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ds e/; lkFkZd vUrj ns[kus dks feyk ftles a xzkeh.k
Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; xzkeh.k Nk=ksa dh vis{kk vf/kd gSA 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k Nk=ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ds e/;
lkFkZd vUrj ns[kus dks feyk] ftles 'kgjh Nk=ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; xzkeh.k Nk=ksa dh vis{kk vf/kd gSA 'kgjh vkSj
xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; esa 0-05 Lrj ij lkFkZd vUrj ns[kus dks feyrk gS ftles xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds
vk/;kfRed ewY; ’kgjh Nk=kvksa dh vis{kk vf/kd gS rFkk 0-01 Lrj ij ’kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed
ewY; esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ns[kus dks ugh feyk gSA
eq[;fcUnq %& vk/;kfRed ewY; ¼ijksidkjh ewY;] ekuorkoknh ewY;] O;fDrxr ewY;] bZ’ojh; ewY;] HkkokRed ewY;½

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izLrkouk %&ewY; ekuo ds ewy/ku gksrs gSaA fcuk ewY; ds ekuo thou dk dksbZ vfLrRo ugha gksrk
gSA ewY; vk/kkfjr f’k{kk gh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fn;s x;s Kku o muds dk;ksZa dh izHkko’khyrk dks c<+krh
gSA ewY;ksa ds }kjk gh fo|kFkhZ ds O;ogkjksa dks fu/kkZfjr] vxzlj] funsZf’kr] rFkk fu;fU=r fd;k tkrk
gSA ewY;ijd f’k{kk gh fo|kFkhZ thou dks mRd"kZ dh vksj ys tkrh gSA ewY; gh fo|kFkhZ thou dk
fo’okl gS] ftuds vk/kkj ij og ojh;rk iznku djrs gq, dk;Z djrk gSA ewY; lekt esa lHkh Lrjksa
ij mHkjrs gSA ewY; ,slk ln~xq.k ;k vkpj.k lafgrk gS] ftlds }kjk fo|kFkhZ vius fuf’pr y{;ksa dks
izkIr djus ds fy, viuh thou i)fr dk fuekZ.k djrk gS vkSj vius O;fDrRo dk fodkl djrk
gSA ewY; fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fopkjksas dk ekxZn’kZu djrs gSa] O;ogkj dks funsZf’kr djrs gS vkSj O;fDrRo dks
vkdkj nsrs gSA ewY; gesa 'kkfUr] ln~Hkko vkSj iwfrZ ds vuqHko ds fy, rS;kj djrs gSA ewY; gesa
vkRefo’okl vkSj fuMjrk nsrs gSA ewY; dk vFkZ gS& mi;ksfxrk] okaNuh;rk] egÙoA ewY; vk/kkfjr
f’k{kk dk y{; fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ekuoh;rk rFkk jk"Vªfgr ds izfr xgjh :fp mRiUu djuk gSA f’k{kk ds
}kjk fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa lkekftd] uSfrd rFkk vk/;kfRed i{k dk fodkl gksrk gSA euksoSKkfud vFkZ esa
ewY; og gS tks gekjh bPNk dks iwjk djrk gSA
vcZu& ^^ewY; og gS tks ekuo bPNkvksa dh rqf"V djs*a *
esdsUth& ^^lq[k dks ewY; dh vuqHkwfr ds :Ik esa O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gSA**
f¶ayd egksn; ds vuqlkj ^^ge ftu ekin.Mksa dks ilUn djrs gSa vkSj egÙo nsrs gS] ftuds vk/kkj
ij ge viuk O;ogkj fuf’pr djrs gS] os gh gekjs ewY; gksrs gSA**
dqN fo}kuksa }kjk ewY;ksa dk oxhZdj.k lkekftd ewY;] lkaLd`frd ewY;] /kkfeZd ewY;] vkfFkZd ewY;
vkSj jktuSfrd ewY; tSls vk;kekssa }kjk fd;k x;k gS ijUrq fHkUu&fHkUu vuq’kkluksa esa ewY;ksa dk
oxhZdj.k fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj ls fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjrh; nk’kZfudksa }kjk ewY;ksa dks nks oxksZa esa foHkkftr
fd;k x;k gS&
1- vk/;kfRed ewY; 2- HkkSfrd ewY;
vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ls rkRi;Z ,sls ewY;ksa ls gS tks gekjs vk/;kfRed fpUru vkSj O;ogkj dks fn’kk
iznku djrs gSA tSls& /keZ] vFkZ] dke vkSj eks{kA vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa dh izkfIr ekuo dh rhuksa fØ;kvksa
Kku] vuqHko vkSj bPNk }kjk gksrh gSA vk/;kfRed ewY; lHkh ekuoh; ewY;ksa ds vk/kkj gSA HkkSfrd
ewY;ksa ls rkRi;Z ,sls ewY;ksa ls gS ftudk lEcU/k gekjs ,sfgd thou ls gS tks gekjs lkekftd O;ogkj
dks fn’kk iznku djrs gS] tSls& izse] lgkuqHkwfr] lg;ksx vkSj jk"VªizseA
Jh vjfoUnks ds vuqlkj& ^^izR;sd euq"; esa vk/;kfRedrk fufgr gSA vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ds fy;s f’k{kk
ds nks Lrj gSA igys Lrj ij gekjh f’k{kk dks mPprj ewY;ksa ds f’k{k.k dk volj iznku fd;k tkuk

Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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pkfg,A bl fuEu Lrj ij lHkh dks mPprj ewY;ksa dh f’k{kk feyuh pkfg,A nwljsa Lrj ij mu yksxksa
dks vk/;kfRed f’k{kk nh tkuh pkfg, tks vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ds vuqlj.k dh ;ksX;rk j[krs gSA**
lEcfU/kr lkfgR; %&
lquhrk ¼2016½& ^^;qokvksa ds ewY;ksa dk v/;;u** ds vuqlkj vk/kqfudhdj.k ds dkj.k ;qokvksa ds ewY;ksa
esa gksus okys ifjorZu dks n’kkZrk gSA Nk=&Nk=kvksa esa yksdrkfU=d] lkekftd vkSj ikfjokfjd izfr"Bk
ds ewY; mPp Lrj ds ik, x, tcfd dyk o foKku oxZ ds Nk=&Nk=kvksa ds /kkfeZd o vkfFkZd
ewY;ksa esa vUrj ik;k x;kA Nk=&Nk=kvksa ds KkukRed] lq[kkRed rFkk 'kfDr ewY;ksa esa Hkh vUrj ik;k
x;k tcfd dykRed o LokLF; lEcU/kh ewY;ksa esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugh ik;k x;kA
MkW0 nsojkt ¼2017½& ^ekuork vkSj vk/;kfRed ewY;* ds v/;;u esa ik;k x;k fd Hkkjrh;
vk/;kfRed n’kZuksa ds ftu erksa o iz;Ruksa dk mYys[k gS os vk/;kfRed /keZ dh izpfyr ekU;rkvksa ds
fo:) iM+rs gSaA Hkkjrh; nk’kZfudksa us bl ckr ij vf/kd cy fn;k gS fd euq"; vius vagdkj ewYkd
vkRe dks Hkwy tkuk lh[ks]a bl vkRe dks Hkwydj gh euq"; fuLokFkZ] iw.kZ rFkk 'kkarfpr cu tkrk gSA
thou ds izfr og n`f"V ;k euksHkko tks lar pfj= dks mRiUu djrk gS] lPph ^vk/;kfRedrk* ;k
^vk/;kRe* gSA
Bkdqj] jpuk flag ¼2018½& ^xzkeh.k ,oa 'kgjh egkfo|ky;hu fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ewY;ksa dk v/;;u* ds
vuqlkj xzkeh.k ,oa 'kgjh {ks= ds fofHkUu ladk; ds egkfo|ky;hu fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lkSUn;kZRed]
jktuSfrd vkSj lkekftd ewY;ksa esa vUrj ik;k x;k tcfd xzkeh.k ,oa ’kgjh {ks= ds lS)kafrd]
/kkfeZd vkSj vkfFkZd ewY;ksa esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugh ik;k x;kA
v/;;u dh vko’;drk %&fo|kFkhZ thou dk izR;sd dk;Z fdlh u fdlh ewY; ls lEcfU/kr jgrk gSA
vk/;kfRedrk fo|kFkhZ ds vUnj fNis ewY;ksa dks tkx`r djus dk ,d cgqr gh vPNk rjhdk gS ftldh
vkt izR;sd fo|kFkhZ dks vko’;drk gSA ewY;ksa ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k deZ Js"B gksrk gS ftlls
fo|kFkhZ ds eu dks [kq’kh vkSj lUrqf"V feyrh gSA ewY; vk/kkfjr thou 'kSyh ds n`f"Vxr fo|ky;ksa esa
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ewY;ksa ds fodkl ds fy, fof’k"V o laxfBr iz;kl fd;s tk;saA f’k{kk dh izfd;k dk
lapkyu fo|ky;ksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA fo|ky;ksa esa gh f’k{kk ds mn~ns’;ksa dks izkIr fd;k tkrk gSA
fo|ky; dks lekt dk y?kq :Ik ekuk tkrk gSA fo|ky;ksa dk iz;kl jgrk gS fd f’k{k.k dk;Z ds
lkFk&lkFk fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa dk fodkl fd;k tk,A vkt dk euq"; if’peh miHkksDrk
laLd`fr dk iks"kd gSA HkkSfrdrk dh jks’kuh esa ekuo Lo;a dks fons’kh tSlk fn[kkus esa xkSjkfUor
eglwl djrk gSA vkt ds euq"; dks oLrqxr ewY;ksa esa fo’okl ugha gS vkSj vk/;kfRedrk fujFkZd gks
pqdh gSA bl n’kk ls eqfDr ikus ds fy, ewY; f’k{kk ds vUrxZr vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa dh f’k{kk vfr
vko’;d gSA orZeku esa izfrdwy ifjfLFkfr;ka Hkfo"; esa fo|kFkhZ thou dks 'keZukd cuk ldrh gSA

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vr% Hkfo"; esa lq[kn Hkfo"; gsrq vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa dh f’k{kk vko’;d gSA ewY;ksa ij fo|kFkhZ thou
vk/kkfjr gSA oSKkfud ;qx esa ewY;ksa ds laj{k.k dh vko’;drk gSA ewY;ksa dh f’k{kk izfØ;k Kku ls
vkjEHk gksrh gSA ewY; iqLrdksa }kjk ugh fl[kk;s tkrs gSA v/;kidks]a ekrk&firk] fe=ks]a iM+ksfl;ksa ,oa
lekt ds nwljs yksxksa ds nSfud thou }kjk Nk=&Nk=kvksa esa budk fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gSA ewY;ksa dh
;FkkFkZrk rks gekjs vkpj.k vkSj laLdkjksa esa fufgr gksrh gS ftuls gesa lUrks"k dh izkfIr gksrh gSA vkt
ds oSKkfud ,oa ifjorZu’khy ;qx esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ewY;ksa ds fo"k; esa lEiw.kZ tkudkjh izkIr djuk
vko’;d gks x;k gSA vkt gesa ;g tkuus dh vko’;drk gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ds
izfr D;k :fp gS\ mudk vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ds izfr n`f"Vdks.k D;k gS\ vkt ds fo|kFkhZ dks ewY;ijd
f’k{kk dh vko’;drk gS ftlls fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ewY;ksa dk mfprk fodkl gksA mijksDr rF;ksa dks /;ku
esa j[krs gq, 'kks/kdÙkkZ ds eu esa ;g ftKklk mRiUu gqbZ fd ^^mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~
'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa dk rqyukRed v/;;u** fd;k tkuk vko’;d gSA
vr% 'kks/kdÙkkZ }kjk ;g 'kks/k dk;Z fd;k x;kA
v/;;u ds mn~ns’; %& izLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u ds fuEu mn~ns’; gSa&
1- mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ 'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;
dk v/;;u djukA
2- mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ 'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;
dk rqyukRed v/;;u djukA
3- mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ 'kgjh Nk= ,oa 'kgjh Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;
dk rqyukRed v/;;u djukA
4- mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ xzkeh.k Nk= ,oa xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed
ewY; dk rqyukRed v/;;u djukA
5- mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ 'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k Nk=ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; dk
rqyukRed v/;;u djukA
6- mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ 'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; dk
rqyukRed v/;;u djukA
v/;;u dh ifjdYiuk,a %& izLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u dk fuEufyf[kr 'kwU; ifjdYiukvksa ds vk/kkj ij
v/;;u fd;k tk;sxkA
H.0.1- mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ 'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vk/;kfRed
ewY; ds e/; dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugh gSA

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H.0.2- mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ 'kgjh Nk= ,oa 'kgjh Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed
ewY; ds e/; dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugh gSA
H.0.3- mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ xzkeh.k Nk= ,oa xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds
vk/;kfRed ewY; ds e/; dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugh gSA
H.0.4- mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ ’kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k Nk=ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;
ds e/; dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugh gSA
H.0.5- mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ ’kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;
ds e/; dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugh gSA
lafØ;kRed ifjHkk"kk,a %&
mPprj ek/;fed Lrj %& ;gk¡ ij mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ls rkRi;Z ;w0 ih0 cksMZ }kjk lapkfyr
d{kk&12 ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls gSA
vk/;kfRed ewY; %& vk/;kfRed ewY; ls rkRi;Z mu lHkh ekuoh; ewY;ksa ls gS ftudh ,d euq"; dks
vko’;drk gksrh gS] tks fopkjksa dk ekxZn’kZu] O;fDrRo dks vkdkj vkSj O;ogkj dks funsZf’kr djrs
gSA vk/;kfRed ewY; ls lEcaf/kr 5 i{kksa ¼ijksidkjh ewY;] ekuorkoknh ewY;] O;fDrxr ewY;] bZ’ojh;
ewY;] HkkokRed ewY;½ dks lanfHkZr fd;k tkrk gS] tks ekuo vkRek dks vkRelkr~ djrs gSA
U;kn’kZ %& izLrqr 'kks/k esa 'kks/kdÙkkZ us ;w0 ih0 cksMZ }kjk lapkfyr esjB ftys esa mPprj ek/;fed
fo|ky;ksa dh lwph cuk;h rFkk lHkh fo|ky;ksa ds ukeksa ls iphZ cuk;h rRi’pkr ykWVjh fof/k ls pkj
fo|ky;ksa dk p;u fd;k ftuesa nks 'kgjh ,oa nksa xzkeh.k fo|ky;ksa esa lsa 20&20 Nk=&Nk=kvksa dks
fy;k x;k ftudksa feykdj dqy 80 Nk=&Nk=kvksa dk p;u fd;k x;kA
v/;;u fof/k %& izLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u esa losZ{k.k fof/k dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl fof/k dk iz;ksx
orZeku le; esa lkekU; ;k fof’k"V ifjfLFkfr dk irk yxkus gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA
iznÙkksa ds ladyu gsrq iz;qDr midj.k %& izLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u esa vk/;kfRed ewY; ds ekiu gsrq
Qksft;k ute] izks- vdcj gqlSu vkSj MkW0 ,l0 ,e0 [kku }kjk fufeZr ^^vk/;kfRed ewY; ekiuh** dk
iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl ekiuh esa vk/;kfRed ewY; ls lEcfU/kr 5 i{kksa ¼ijksidkjh ewY;]
ekuorkoknh ewY;] O;fDrxr ewY;] bZ’ojh; ewY;] HkkokRed ewY;½ ij 27 iz’u fn, x, gSA
v/;;u dk ifjlhekadu %& izLrqr y?kq 'kks/k izcU/k esa le; lhek dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, izLrqr
v/;;u fuEu {ks=ksa rd lhfer gSA
1- tuin ds ;w0 ih0 cksMZ ds mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|ky;A
2- esjB tuin ds 4 fo|ky; ftlesa 2 'kgjh ,oa 2 xzkeh.k fo|ky;ksa esa ls 20&20
Nk=&Nk=kvksa dks fy;k x;k ftudks feykdj dqy 80 Nk=&Nk=kvksa dk p;u fd;k x;kA
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3- izLrqr v/;;u esa dsoy 'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa dk rqyUkkRed
v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA
iznÙkksa dh fo’ys"k.k izfØ;k %& izLrqr v/;;u esa vuqla/kku dÙkkZ us iznÙkksa dk fo’ys"k.k djus ds fy,
e/;eku] ekud fopyu ,oa Vh& vuqikr dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA
iznÙk fo’ys"k.k o O;k[;k %&

rkfydk&1
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa dk Lrj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k
vR;Ur mPp vk/;kfRedrk 31
mPp vk/;kfRedrk 21
vkSlr ls Åij vk/;kfRedrk 15
vkSlr@e/;e vk/;kfRedrk 3
vkSlr ls uhpsa vk/;kfRedrk 3
fuEu vk/;kfRedrk 3
vR;Ur fuEu vk/;kfRedrk 4

'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds **vk/;kfRed ewY;** dh rqyuk djus ds fy, nksuksa lewgksa ds
e/;eku] ekud fopyu] ,oa Vh&eku dk fooj.k v/kksfyf[kr rkfydk la[;k&2 esa fn;k x;k gSA
Rkkfydk&2
lkFkZdrk
lewg N e/;eku Ekkud fopyu Vh- eku Lor=ka'k eku ifj.kke
[T-
[Mean] [S.D] Value] [df]
'kgjh 1-98
fo|kFkhZ 40 108-4000 14-18161 -914 78 * lkFkZd ugh
xzkeh.k 2-62
fo|kFkhZ 40 104-6500 21-74626 **
*0-05 Lrj ij
**0-05 Lrj ij
mijksDr rkfydk la[;k&2 ls Li"V gksrk gS fd ;w0 ih0 cksMZ ds mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds
'kgjh fo|ky;h fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; dk e/;eku [Mean] ,oa ekud fopyu [S.D]
Øe’k% 108-4000 ,oa 14-18161 rFkk xzkeh.k fo|ky;h fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; dk e/;eku
[Mean] ,oa ekud fopyu [S.D] Øe’k% 104-6500 ,oa 21-74626 izkIr gqvkA nksuksa lewgksa ds
e/; Vh&eku [t-Value] -914 izkIr gqvk tks 0-05 Lrj ij Vh- Vsfcy ds eku 1-98 ls de gS rFkk
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lkFkZd vUrj O;Dr ugh djrk gS] blh izdkj 0-01 Lrj ij Vh- Vsfcy ds eku 2-62 ls Hkh de gS
rFkk lkFkZd vUrj O;Dr ugh djrk gS] vr% ifjdYiuk la[;k&1 dh **mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij
v/;;ujr~ 'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; ds e/; dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugh gS** dks
Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA
'kgjh Nk= ,oa 'kgjh Nk=kvksa ds **vk/;kfRed ewY;** dh rqyuk djus ds fy, nksuksa lewgksa ds
e/;eku] ekud fopyu] ,oa Vh&eku dk fooj.k v/kksfyf[kr rkfydk la[;k&3 esa fn;k x;k gSA

Rkkfydk&3

Ekkud lkFkZdrk
Lewg N e/;eku fopyu Vh- eku Lor=ka'k eku ifj.kke

[T-
[Mean] [S.D] Value] [df]

'kgjh 2-02 lkFkZd

Nk= 20 109-7500 10-13527 -597 38 * ugh

'kgjh 2-70
Nk=k,sa 20 107-0500 17-50030 **
*0-05 Lrj ij
**0-05 Lrj ij
mijksDr rkfydk la[;k&3 ls Li"V gksrk gS fd ;w0 ih0 cksMZ ds mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds
'kgjh fo|ky;h Nk= ds vk/;kfRed ewY; dk e/;eku [Mean] ,oa ekud fopyu [S.D] Øe’k%
109-7500 ,oa 10-13527 rFkk 'kgjh fo|ky;h Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; dk e/;eku [Mean] ,oa
ekud fopyu [S.D] Øe’k% 107-0500 ,oa 17-50030 izkIr gqvkA nksuksa lewgksa ds e/; Vh&eku [t-
Value] -597 izkIr gqvk tks 0-05 Lrj ij Vh- Vsfcy ds eku 2-02 ls de gS rFkk lkFkZd vUrj
O;Dr ugh djrk gS] blh izdkj 0-01 Lrj ij Vh- Vsfcy ds eku 2-70 ls Hkh de gS rFkk lkFkZd
vUrj O;Dr ugh djrk gS] vr% ifjdYiuk la[;k&2 dh **mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~
'kgjh Nk= ,oa 'kgjh Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; ds e/; dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugh gS** dks Lohdkj
fd;k tkrk gSSA
xzkeh.k Nk= ,oa xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds **vk/;kfRed ewY;** dh rqyuk djus ds fy, nksuksa lewgksa
ds e/;eku] ekud fopyu] ,oa Vh&eku dk fooj.k v/kksfyf[kr rkfydk la[;k&4 esa fn;k x;k gSA

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Rkkfydk&4
Ekkud lkFkZdrk
lewg N e/;eku fopyu Vh- eku Lor=ka'k eku ifj.kke
[T-
[Mean] [S.D] Value] [df]
xzkeh.k 2-02
Nk= 20 92-7000 24-71543 4-129 38 * lkFkZd
xzkeh.k 2-70
Nk=k,sa 20 116-6000 7-69415 **
*0-05 Lrj ij
**0-05 Lrj ij
mijksDr rkfydk la[;k&4 ls Li"V gksrk gS fd ;w0 ih0 cksMZ ds mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds
xzkeh.k fo|ky;h Nk=ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; dk e/;eku [Mean] ,oa ekud fopyu [S.D] Øe’k%
92-7000 ,oa 24-71543 rFkk xzkeh.k fo|ky;h Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; dk e/;eku [Mean] ,oa
ekud fopyu [S.D] Øe’k% 116-6000 ,oa 7-69415 izkIr gqvkA nksuksa lewgksa ds e/; Vh&eku [t-
Value] 4-129 izkIr gqvk tks 0-05 Lrj ij Vh- Vsfcy ds eku 2-02 ls vf/kd gS rFkk lkFkZd vUrj
O;Dr djrk gS] blh izdkj 0-01 Lrj ij Vh- Vsfcy ds eku 2-70 ls Hkh vf/kd gS rFkk lkFkZd vUrj
O;Dr djrk gS] vr% ifjdYiuk la[;k&3 fd **mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ xzkeh.k Nk=
,oa xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; ds e/; dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugh gS** dks vLohd`r fd;k
tkrk gSA
'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k Nk=ksa ds **vk/;kfRed ewY;** dh rqyuk djus ds fy, nksuksa lewgksa ds
e/;eku] ekud fopyu] ,oa Vh&eku dk fooj.k v/kksfyf[kr rkfydk la[;k&5 esa fn;k x;k gSA
Rkkfydk&5
lkFkZdrk
lewg N e/;eku Ekkud fopyu Vh- eku Lor=ka'k eku ifj.kke
[T-
[Mean] [S.D] Value] [df]
'kgjh 2-02
Nk= 20 109-7500 10-13527 2-854 38 * lkFkZd
xzkeh.k 2-70
Nk= 20 92-7000 24-71543 **
*0-05 Lrj ij
**0-05 Lrj ij
mijksDr rkfydk la[;k&5 ls Li"V gksrk gS fd ;w0 ih0 cksMZ ds mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds
'kgjh fo|ky;h Nk=ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; dk e/;eku [Mean] ,oa ekud fopyu [S.D] Øe’k%

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109-7500 ,oa 10-13527 rFkk xzkeh.k fo|ky;h Nk=ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; dk e/;eku [Mean] ,oa
ekud fopyu [S.D] Øe’k% 92-7000 ,oa 24-71543 izkIr gqvkA nksuksa lewgksa ds e/; Vh&eku [t-
Value] 2-854 izkIr gqvk tks 0-05 Lrj ij Vh- Vsfcy ds eku 2-02 ls vf/kd gS rFkk lkFkZd
vUrj O;Dr djrk gS] blh izdkj 0-01 Lrj ij Vh- Vsfcy ds eku 2-70 ls Hkh vf/kd gS rFkk lkFkZd
vUrj O;Dr djrk gS] vr% ifjdYiuk la[;k&4 fd **mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ ’kgjh
,oa xzkeh.k Nk=ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; ds e/; dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugh gS** dks vLohd`r fd;k tkrk
gSA
'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds **vk/;kfRed ewY;** dh rqyuk djus ds fy, nksuksa lewgksa ds
e/;eku] ekud fopyu] ,oa Vh&eku dk fooj.k v/kksfyf[kr rkfydk la[;k&6 esa fn;k x;k gSA
Rkkfydk&6
lkFkZdrk
lewg N e/;eku Ekkud fopyu Vh&eku Lor=ka'k eku ifj.kke
[T-
[Mean] [S.D] Value] [df]
'kgjh 2-02
Nk=kvksa 20 107-0500 17-50030 2-234 38 * lkFkZd
xzkeh.k 2-70
Nk=kvksa 20 116-6000 7-69415 ** lkFkZd ugh
*0-05 Lrj ij
**0-05 Lrj ij
mijksDr rkfydk la[;k&6 ls Li"V gksrk gS fd ;w0 ih0 cksMZ ds mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ds
'kgjh fo|ky;h Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; dk e/;eku [Mean] ,oa ekud fopyu [S.D] Øe’k%
107-0500 ,oa 17-50030 rFkk xzkeh.k fo|ky;h Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; dk e/;eku [Mean]
,oa ekud fopyu [S.D] Øe’k% 116-6000 ,oa 7-69415 izkIr gqvkA nksuksa lewgksa ds e/; Vh&eku
[t-Value] 2-234 izkIr gqvk tks 0-05 Lrj ij Vh- Vsfcy ds eku 2-02 ls vf/kd gS rFkk lkFkZd
vUrj O;Dr djrk gS] blh izdkj 0-01 Lrj ij Vh- Vsfcy ds eku 2-70 ls de gS rFkk lkFkZd vUrj
O;Dr ugh djrk gS] vr% ifjdYiuk la[;k&5 fd **mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ ’kgjh ,oa
xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; ds e/; dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugh gS** dks 0-05 LRkj ij vLohd`r
fd;k tkrk gS rFkk 0-01 Lrj ij Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA
fu"d"kZ %& izLrqr 'kks/k esa lHkh ifjdYiukvksa dk ijh{k.k djus ds mijkUr fu"d"kZ esa ns[kk x;k fd
'kgjh Nk=ksa vkSj xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa esa vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa dh izo`fÙk vf/kd ik;h x;h tks ldkjkRed o
mPp Lrj dh gSA

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 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ds e/; dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ns[kus dks ugh
feykA
 'kgjh Nk= vkSj 'kgjh Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ds e/; dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ns[kus dks
ugh feykA
 Xkzkeh.k Nk= vkSj xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ds e/; lkFkZd vUrj ik;k x;k gS
ftlesa xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; xzkeh.k Nk=ksa dh vis{kk vf/kd ik, x, gSA
 'kgjh Nk= vkSj xzkeh.k Nk=ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ds e/; lkFkZd vUrj ns[kus dks feyk gS
ftlesa 'kgjh Nk=ksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; xzkeh.k Nk=ksa dh vis{kk vf/kd ik, x, gSA
 'kgjh Nk=kvksa vkSj xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ds e/; 0-05 Lrj ij lkFkZd vUrj
ik;k x;k ftlesa xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY; 'kgjh Nk=kvksa dh vis{kk vf/kd ik,
x, RkFkk 0-01 Lrj ij 'kgjh Nk=kvksa vkSj xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa ds e/; dksbZ
lkFkZd vUrj ns[kus dks ugh feykA
'kSf{kd lq>ko %& fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ewY;ksa ls Lo;a dks ewY;ksUeq[k cukuk pkfg,A fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lokZxha.k
fodkl ,oa Lo;a dks igpkuus gsrq f’k{kk ds }kjk ewY;ksa dks fodflr djuk ,oa ewY;ksa dh f’k{kk iznku
djuh pkfg,A ftlls fo|kFkhZ ewY;ksa dks vkRelkr~ dj ldsA vr% ;g vko’;d gS fd f’k{kdksa rFkk
ifjokj ds }kjk fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa dk fodkl bl izdkj gks fd fo|kFkhZ Lo;a ds
lkFk&lkFk ,d LoLFk lekt dk fuekZ.k dj viuk mTtoy Hkfo"; cuk ldsAa
lanHkZ xzUFk lwph %&
Bkdqj] jpuk flag] ¼2018½] ^^xzkeh.k ,oa 'kgjh egkfo|ky;hu fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ewY;kssa dk v/;;u]** jkuh nqxkZorh
fo’ofo|ky;] tcyiqj] ¼e-iz-½] www.ijcrt.org 2018IJCRT Volume6, issue1, PP:739-744
Lkquhrk] ¼2016½] ^^;qokvksa ds ewY;ksa dk v/;;u**]International Journal of Applied Research 2016; 2(10),
PP:174-177
yky] jeu fcgkjh o iyksM+] lquhrk] ¼2016½] ^f’k{kk ds nk’kZfud ,oa lekt’kkL=h; ifjn`’;*] vkj-yky cqd fMiks]
esjB] i`-la-&350]354
dSyk] 'kksHkk vxzoky] ¼2014½] ^ewY; f’k{kk*] vkj-yky cqd fMiksa] esjB] i`-la-&03
ute] Qksft;k] gqlSu] vdcj o [kku] ,l-,e- ¼2014½] ^^vk/;kfRed ewY; ekiuh**]us’kuy lkbDyksftdy dkWjiksjs’ku
vkxjk] ¼m-iz-½] i`-la-&01&11
R;kxh] xqjljunkl o UkUn] fot; dqekj] ¼2011&12½] ^mnh;eku Hkkjr esa f’k{kk*] vxzoky ifCyds’kUl] vkxjk] i`-la-
&361
dUukSft;k] d`".k dqekj o flag] ts-ih- ¼2009½] ^^xks.Mk tuin ds Lukrd Lrj ds dyk ,oa foKku fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds
ckSf)d ,oa vk/;kfRed ewY;ksa dk rqyukRed v/;;u**]MkW- jke euksgj yksfg;k vo/k fo’ofo|ky;] QStkckn]
¼m-iz-½] i`-la-&68
oekZ] th-,l- o dqekjh] lfork]¼2010½] vkeq[k] ^^ewY; f’k{k.k**]bUVjus’kuy ifCyf’kax gkml] esjB] ¼m-iz-½

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