MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

THE NATURE OF MATHEMATICS

•Mathematics in our World
1. What is Mathematics?
2. Where is Mathematics?
3. What role does Mathematics play in our world?
THE NATURE OF MATHEMATICS
•Mathematics in our World
Core Idea:
Mathematics is a useful way to think about nature and our world
MATHEMATICS IN OUR WORLD
1.Many patterns and occurrences exists in nature, in our world, in our
life. Mathematics helps makes sense of these patterns and occurrences.
2.Mathematics is a tool to quantify, organize, and control our world,
predict phenomena and make life easier for us.
THE NATURE OF MATHEMATICS
•Mathematics in our World
1. What is Mathematics?
2. Where is Mathematics?
3. What role does Mathematics play in our world?
EVALUATION
Directions:
Answer the following questions.
1.What new ideas about mathematics did you learn?
2.What is it about mathematics that might have changed your
thoughts about it?
3.What is most useful about mathematics for humankind?
LEARNING TASK
Write a one-page synthesis paper focusing on one of the following aspects
of Mathematics:
a.) Mathematics helps organize patterns and regularities in the world.
b.) Mathematics helps predict the behavior of nature and phenomena
in the world
c.) Mathematics helps control nature and occurrences in the world.
THE LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS
OBJECTIVES
•Classify the characteristics of mathematical language.
•Differentiate expressions from sentences.
•Identify conventions in the mathematical language.
OBJECTIVES
•Define sets and relations.
•Perform operations on mathematical expressions correctly.
WHAT IS LANGUAGE FOR YOU?
Comprehending a message is better understood once a person understand
how things are said and may know why it is said. The use of language in
mathematics is far from ordinary speech. It can be learned but needs a lot
of efforts like learning a new dialect or language. The following are the
characteristics of the language of mathematics: precise, concise, and
powerful.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS:
PRECISE, CONCISE, AND POWERFUL.
How do you see these characteristics: precise, concise, and powerful in the
environment?
In your ideas, what words are synonymous to the characteristics of the
language of mathematics?
 Precise Concise Powerful
Exact Brief Influential
Detailed Short Commanding
Accurate Summarized Authoritative
Specific Succinct Controlling
Particular Terse Prevailing
This is how math works, it is always exact. It is what it is.
MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSIONS VS. MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS
EXPRESSION
 In mathematics, an expression or mathematical expression is a finite
combination of symbols that is well-formed according to rules that
depend on the context.
 An expression is a sentence with a minimum of two numbers and at
least one math operation.
EQUATION
 A statement that the values of two mathematical expressions are
equal (indicated by the sign = ).
 In mathematics, an equation is a statement that asserts the equality
of two expressions which are connected by the equal sign.
Conventions in the Mathematical Language
The common symbol used for multiplication is “x” but it can be easily
mistaken as the variable x. There are instances when the centered dot ( · )
is a shorthand to be used for multiplication especially when variables are
involved. If there will be no confusion, the symbol may be dropped.
Conventions in the Mathematical Language
It is conventional to write the number first before the letters. If in case
the letters are more than one, you have to arrange it alphabetically.
SETS
"Set" is synonymous with the words: "collection", "aggregate", "class" and
is comprised of elements/objects/members.
The following are some examples of sets: The collection of vowels in
English Alphabets. The collection of all past Presidents of the Indian Union.
The weights of all the students of a class.
A set is a collection of well defined entities, objects or elements.
OR
A set is a group of one or more elements with common characteristics.
OR
A set is a collection of distinct, unordered objects. Sets are typically
collection of numbers. So, a set may contain any type of data (including
other sets).
A set is described by listing elements, separated by commas, within
brackets For example:
A set of vowels of English Alphabet may be described as:
(a. e. i, o. u)
A set of even natural numbers can be described as:
(2. 4. 6. 8 .... )
Note: The order in which the elements are written makes no difference.
Also, repetition of an element has no effect. For example (1, 2, 3, 2) is the
same set as (1, 2, 3).
FINITE AND INFINITE SETS
Infinite set: A set is called a finite set, if its elements can be counted and
the process of counting terminates at a certain natural number say, 'n'.
Example: {1, 2, 3, 4. 5) . (1. 2, 3, 4 ...up to 100)
Infinite Set: A set which is not finite or in other words, a set in which the
process of counting does not terminate is an infinite set.
Example: Set of natural numbers, or (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ..} set of even numbers
or (1, 3, 5, 7, 9.} set of odd numbers.
EQUAL SETS
Two sets A and B are said to be equal, if everyelementof A isa member of
B, and every element of B is a member of A. If sets A and B are equal, we
write A = B .
Similarly, Unequal sets: When they are not equal or there exists at least
one distinct element between these two sets, We write: A - B. when A and
B are not equal.
Let A = (1, 2, 5, 6) and B = (5, 6, 2. 1). Then A = B because each element
of A is an element of B andvice - versa.
UNIVERSAL SETS
There happens to be a set "U' that contains all the elements under
consideration. Such a set is called the universal set.
For example A = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ). We can say that they
are both contained in their universal set, which is a set of natural numbers.
In plane geometry, the set of all points in the plane is the universal set.
Given that U = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12} universal set, list the elements of
the following sets.
A = {x : x is a factor of 72)
B = {x : x is a prime number}
C = {x : x is a odd number }
Solution:
The elements of sets A and B can only be selected from the given universal
set U. A = {4, 6, 8, 9, 12} B = {5, 7, 11} C = {5, 7, 9, 11}

Numbers and Patterns

OBJECTIVES
- Examine the nature and relationship of numbers in a sequence.
- Determine the nth term of a number sequence.
- Generate a pattern to form a number sequence.
A sequence may be finite or infinite. The Fibonnaci sequence is an infinite sequence. A finite sequence
has a definite number of terms. A list of numbers which form a pattern is called a sequence. Number
patterns may be described by examining how the terms are being generated.
A pattern may have a list of numbers in which a constant number is added to get the succeeding terms.
For other sequences, the terms are increasing because the number to be added is increasing in a
predictable way. There are number patterns whose terms are decreasing, because the number to be added
is decreasing in an expected way.
To generate the next term, the number to be added is repeating 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, ... growing
increasing 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 29, ... shrinking 118, 98, 73, 43, 8, - 32,

After learning about the number and its pattern, how will you categorize Fibonacci sequence?
SUMMARY
The pattern of a number sequence may be identified by scrutinizing how the terms are related to one
another. To generate the next term of some sequences, a constant number is added, the number to be
added increases, or the number to be added decreases.