basic introduction

This kit is dedicated to receiving calls between aircraft and towers.

With a good antenna (VHF section Yagi antenna), it can receive

calls between various types of aircraft and towers within about

150Km in an open area.

The hardware version described in this article is V6.0, and the

board name is HM00ABRC _6.

main indicators

Power supply: 12V (linear regulated power supply or battery is

recommended)

Antenna: 50 ohm, unbalanced

Typical receiving current: 90mA

Receiving frequency: covering 118MHz-136MHz

Working mode: AM

Circuit principle

Refer to the figure on the last page of this document. The signal

received by the antenna first has a band-pass filter and MMIC

high-amplification chip. The function of this band-pass filter is to

ensure that the 118MHz-1 36MHz signal can enter the MMIC high-

amplification, and other signals are maximized The attenuation.

The filtered and amplified signal enters the NE602 for the first

mixing. At the same time, the NE602 internal mixer receives the

local oscillator signal provided by the PLL. The PLL frequency of

the local oscillator is 10.7MHz higher than the external signal,

because the machine is a superheterodyne machine. The

suppression of the band-pass filter above and above finally

ensures full coverage of the 118MHz-136MHz signal.

The first intermediate frequency of this machine is 10.7MHz. The

signal mixed by NE602 is sent to the 10.7MHz ceramic filter. Its

function is to filter out the irrelevant signal generated by mixing,

and then send the signal to the second mixer inside MC3361. The

second frequency conversion, after frequency conversion, the

frequency is 455KHz, and then sent to TA7640, after the internal

amplifying detection of the amplitude modulation signal, it is

output.

The detected audio signal is amplified by LM386 and then sent to

the headphone output. At the same time, one channel of audio is

sent to MC3361 for squelch control

Component selection:

All capacitors less than 1000pF are high-frequency ceramics,

capacitors greater than luF are aluminum electrolytic capacitors,

and all resistors are 1/4W5% fixed resistors.

Welding reminder:

The indicator board needs to be welded with digital tubes,

encoders and other plug-ins, after the installation is complete, the

following picture
Note that there are 4 white round tubes about 3mm high in the kit,

which are used to fix the height when welding the digital tube

Production and debugging

Test all transistors, resistors, and capacitors with a multimeter

before installing all components. Then install all components

according to the circuit diagram and the markings on the PCB.

Generally install in the order of low to high. At the same time,

install sockets for integrated circuits, which can effectively avoid

soldering the core integrated circuits. Everything is in order. After

checking, connect the power supply, and the positive and negative

polarity of the power supply must not be wrong. Plug the Walkman

earphone into the earphone socket and you should hear white

noise. Touch the 2 feet of NE5204 with your hand, the earphone

noise will increase, indicating that the receiving function is

basically normal. Then connect the antenna with a length of about

60 cm of soft wire, and you will hear that the noise becomes

significantly larger, which means that the RF channel is basically

no problem.

The parts that need to be debugged on this machine are L1, L2

and Tl. If there is no instrument, it is recommended to find a

125MHz crystal oscillator, supply power to it, connect the clock to a

wire, and then adjust the frequency of the machine to 125.0MHz,

then Carefully adjust L1, L2 and TI to achieve the strongest and

clearest signal.

The default power-on frequency of this machine is 121.5MHz,

which is a general emergency frequency. If the surrounding

environment allows, you can also directly listen to this signal to

adjust LI, L2 and T1 after connecting the antenna.

From left to right, the knobs and buttons of this machine

are: adjustment button, tuning light (signal strength
indicator), configuration light, configuration button and
headphone jack
Power plug: positive inside and negative outside

Instructions

Because VHF is already close to a straight line, if there is a radar

in the VHF band, VHF communication cannot be blocked. You

need to pay more attention to this when listening to the tower

signal. It is better to listen to the aircraft's incoming and outgoing

signals. The height is hundreds to several kilometers, so the signal

can cover a long distance. At the same time, for better results, it is

recommended to use an external high antenna, such as a 1/4-

wavelength (about 60 cm) GP antenna, or a better VHF segment

Yagi antenna! In short, it needs to be appropriately coordinated

according to the actual environment Antennas can achieve good

results!

The specific antenna installation reference is as follows:

For beginners, it is recommended to use GP antenna or Yagi

antenna, these two antennas are relatively simple and very

suitable for homemade. The figure below is the GP antenna (GP

antenna is the abbreviation of planar grounded antenna. This

antenna is also called vertical ground network antenna. It is a

commonly used vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna. It

consists of vertical radiating elements and 3-4 It consists of a

horizontally extending vibrator. The GP antenna has a simple

structure and is easy to set up. It does not require a rotator. It is

generally used as a fixed radio antenna), several metal poles and

an M seat (available in the store), which is simple to manufacture.

The picture below shows the Yagi antenna, which has good
directivity and high gain. It is recommended to do this if
possible
The metal beam is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the

electric field in the end-fire direction, so it will not have a significant

impact on the antenna radiation field. Insulators can also be used!

In the figure, λ is the wavelength, and the length and the length of

the director, reflector and main oscillator are calculated separately

A, b, c, d spacing and then assembled.

Chassis installation

The circuit board can be conveniently placed in a standard

aluminum case with a size of 88mm*30mm*120mm (this case is

not included in this kit, please purchase it yourself if you need it).

Instructions for use

After normal power-on, the configuration LED light will glow green,

and the digital tube will display numbers, indicating that the

encoder is in frequency adjustment mode (default mode). At this

time, select the encoder and you can see that the number on the
right will change continuously, such as 1215 for 121 5MHz .

The machine defaults to 100KHz stepping when it is powered on,

and it displays 1215 or 121.5MHz (1215* 100KHz).

Press the adjusting knob once to switch to 10KHz step. Since

there are only 4 digits, the highest digit 1 will not be displayed, and

it will display 215.0, which is 121.50MHz (12150*10KHz). Turn the

adjusting knob at this time to press 10KHz steps. If you need to

return To 100KHz step, short press the adjusting knob.

Press the configuration button, after release, the configuration LED

light will glow red, indicating that the encoder is in volume

adjustment mode. The default display is 2_ 10 after power-on. The

last two digits represent the volume level. The machine can be set

to 0-25. The larger the number, the volume Bigger.

Press the button again, after release, display 3_ _XX, the last two

digits represent the size of the squelch threshold, this machine can

be set to 0-25, the larger the number, the higher the threshold (that

is, the higher level of the received signal can exit the squelch

state) .

Press the knob again to display 4 _33, which is the 25MHz clock

frequency offset setting. The default setting is 33 and the unit is

100Hz. The default frequency is 25 000 000Hz+33*100Hz. If you

find an error in the receiving frequency, you can use a frequency

meter to measure the 25MHz clock frequency on the PLL board,

and adjust the clock frequency deviation according to the test

value.

In the configuration mode, if you no longer press the key or twist

the encoder, the machine will automatically return to the frequency

adjustment mode after about 3 seconds. At the same time, after

finishing the frequency or volume adjustment 3 seconds, the

machine will automatically write the currently set frequency and

volume into the internal EEPROM, and use it directly next time it is

powered on.

In addition, this machine is equipped with a red tuning indicator,

which will light up after receiving a signal (about -_90dBm)

Please pay attention to pin 1 of Y1, it cannot be installed
wrong