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Cardiovascular Disorders: Types of Dysrythmias

1. Normal sinus rhythm has a regular rhythm with a heart rate of 60-100 bpm and normal P waves, PR interval, and P:QRS ratio. 2. Sinus tachycardia has a heart rate over 100 bpm with regular rhythm while sinus bradycardia is under 60 bpm. 3. Atrial fibrillation has an irregular, rapid ventricular response between 120-200 bpm and no discernible P waves.

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79 views3 pages

Cardiovascular Disorders: Types of Dysrythmias

1. Normal sinus rhythm has a regular rhythm with a heart rate of 60-100 bpm and normal P waves, PR interval, and P:QRS ratio. 2. Sinus tachycardia has a heart rate over 100 bpm with regular rhythm while sinus bradycardia is under 60 bpm. 3. Atrial fibrillation has an irregular, rapid ventricular response between 120-200 bpm and no discernible P waves.

Uploaded by

jamie carpio
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CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS: TYPES OF DYSRYTHMIAS

NORMAL SINUS RHYTHYM


Ventricular and atrial rate 60 to 100 in the adult
Ventricular and atrial Regular
rhythm

QRS Shape and duration Usually normal, but may be regularly abnormal
P wave Normal and consistent shape; always in front of the
QRS
PR interval Consistent interval between 0.12 and 0.20 seconds
P:QRS ratio 1:1

Sinus Tachycardia Sinus Bradycardia Sinus Dysrhythmia Sick Sinus syndrome


Ventricular and >100 bpm <60 bpm 60-100 bpm Sinus rate: slow or
Atrial rate none at all
 Sinus
block/pauses
related to
tachycardia
 called as
brady-tachy
syndrome
Rhythm Regular Regular Irregular
QRS Shape and Normal Normal Normal
duration
P wave Normal Normal Normal
PR interval Consistent interval Consistent interval Consistent interval
between 0.12-0.20 between 0.12-0.20 between 0.12-0.20
secs secs secs
P:QRS ratio 1:1 1:1 1:1
Treatment Beta-blockers and Atropine, 0.5 mg
calcium channel (IV) bolus every 3
blockers to 5 minutes to a
maximum total
dose of 3 mg

Premature atrial Paroxysmal Atrial Flutter Atrial Fibrillation


Contraction Atrial
Tachycardia
Ventricular and Depends on the 140-250 bpm Atrial rate: Atrial rate:
Atrial rate underlying rhythm (eg, between 250 and 300 to 600;
sinus tachycardia) 400;

Ventricular rate: ventricular rate:


between 75 120 to 200
and 150

JC
Rhythm Irregular due to early P Regular; Highly irregular
WAVE VR: maybe irregular
QRS Shape and The QRS that follows the Usually normal, but normal
duration early P wave is usually may be abnormal or
normal, but it may be may be absent
abnormal (aberrantly
conducted PAC). It may
even be absent (blocked
PAC).

P wave An early and different P Saw-toothed shape; No discernible P


wave may be seen or may these waves are waves; fibrillatory
be hidden in the T wave; referred to or f waves
other P waves in the strip as F waves
are consistent.

PR interval shorter-than-normal PR Multiple F waves Cannot be


interval, but still between may make it difficult measured
0.12 and 0.20 seconds. to determine the PR
interval

P:QRS ratio 2:1, 3:1, or 4:1 Many:1

Vagal maneuvers or
administration of
adenosine (Ade-
nocard, Adenoscan),
beta-blockers,
nondihydropyridine
calcium channel
blockers, and
digitalis

Treatment Cardioversion
Quinidine,

Premature Ventricular Ventricular Ventricular Idioventricular Ventricular


Ventricular Tachycardia bigeminy fibrillation Rhythm Asystole
contraction
Ventricular faster than 100 to 200 Refer to >300 bpm 20 and 40;
and Atrial normal; bpm PVC
rate ectopic beat
Rhythm Irregular regular Irregular Regular

QRS Shape 0.12 secs or 0.12 secs or Irregular; Bizarre, absent QRS
and longer longer Un- abnormal shape;
duration recognizable 0.12 seconds or
more

JC
P wave Visible; may Difficult to P waves
be absent detect may be
apparent
for a short
duration.

PR interval <0.12 secs irregular


P:QRS ratio 0:1; 1:1 Difficult to
detect
Treatment Defibrillation CPR,
Defibrillatio
n
amiodarone,
lidocaine,

First degree AV block Second degree AV block Third degree block


Ventricular and Atrial rate all the atrial impulses are Some,but not all of the no atrial impulse is
conducted through the atrial impulses are conducted through the
AV node into the conducted through the AV node into the
ventricles at a rate slower AV node into the ventricles.
than normal. ventricles.

Rhythm Depends The PP interval is regular


and the RR interval is
regular, but the PP
interval is not equal to
the RR interval

QRS Shape and duration normal W/ idioventricular


rhythm
P wave Sinus rhythm, regular depends
shape

PR interval Greater than 0.20 irregular


seconds;constant

P:QRS ratio 1:1 I: 3:2, 4:3, 5:4, and so More P waves than QRS
forth complex
II: 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, and
so forth

Treatment

JC

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