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Ingles III

MÓDULO 1.
Gerudns and Infinitive
GERUDN

A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." The gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading." You can
use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence.

Examples:
Affirmative Negative
Gerunds can be made negative by adding "not."
- Reading helps you learn English. SUBJECT OF SENTENCE - He enjoys not working.
- Her favorite hobby is reading. COMPLEMENT OF SENTENCE - The best thing for your health is not smoking.
- I enjoy reading. OBJECT OF SENTENCE

Gerunds
Spelling
DOUBLE THE FINAL CONSONANT, ADD
ADD -ING REMOVE E, ADD -ING
-ING

For most words, add -ing. For words ending in e, remove For words ending with a stressed
the e and add -ing. [consonant + short vowel + consonant]
pattern, double the final consonant and
add -ing.

wash – washing (one syllable) choose – choosing win – winning

dry – drying time – timing be-gín – beginning
trá-vel – traveling (travelling Eng-Br) love – loving per-mít – permitting (stressed CVC
pattern)
cán-cel – canceling (cancelling Eng-Br) confuse – confusing oc-cúr – occurring

Gerud like subject or object

Sometimes a gerund can be the subject of a sentence and sometimes a gerund can be used as the object of the
verb in the sentence. They are also used after certain verbs (Ex. enjoy, consider) or after certain
verb/prepositions combinations (Ex., look forward to, think about).

Examples:
In the first sentence of each example, the gerund is used as a noun. In the second sentence, the gerund is used
as an object.

1. Eating together is enjoyable. 1. Listening to the radio is fun. 1. Playing the piano is enjoyable.

2. I enjoy eating many different 2. I dislike watching television, but I 2. I started playing the piano twelve
kinds of food. really enjoy listening to the radio. years ago.

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Excersices. Change the subject to a gerund using the infinitive (verb) provided.

1. It is hard to work and study at the same time

2. It is necessary to exercise regularly for good health.
3. It costs a lot of money to go to college.
4. It is wonderful to help others.
5. It is important to spend money wisely.

1. Working and studying at the same time is hard.

2. Exercising regularly is necessary for good health.
3. Going to college costs a lot of money.
4. Helping others is wonderful.
5. Spending money wisely is important.

http://faculty.mdc.edu/kbiache/gerunds2.htm

Gerunds as Objects
VERB BEFORE GERUND SYNONYMS (verbs with same meaning)

Particular verbs expressing attitude or opinion are Vers with similar meaning also tend to be followed by the
followed by the gerund verb form of the activity. gerund verb form of the activity.

I detest / dislike practicing my guitar.

I hate practicing my guitar. (Hate, detest, dislike have the same meaning.)

I enjoy being a disk jockey. I love / like being a disk jockey.

I can't bear seeing bad results. I can't stand / hate seeing bad results.

I can't help rushing all the time. I can't avoid rushing all the time.
http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/gerund2a.html

Gerunds As The Object of A Preposition

Prepositions (for, with, about, &) must be followed by an object.

The object can be a noun or a gerund (a verb acting as a noun).

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I am tired of waking up too early.

I look forward to meeting your friend.
I am interested in learning baseball.
She is responsible for implementing new policy.

Verb + Object + Preposition To Be + Adjective + Preposition

Here are some verbs plus an object plus a preposition Here are some combinations of the verb "to be" plus
followed by a gerund: an adjective plus a preposition followed by a
gerund:
to have difficulty in __________ing to be interested in __________ing
to take advantage of __________ing to be excited about __________ing
to have a good reason for __________ing to be capable of __________ing
to prevent someone from __________ing to be responsible for __________ing
to keep someone from __________ing to be used to __________ing
to stop someone from __________ing to be tired of __________ing
to thank someone for __________ing to be bored with __________ing
to blame someone for __________ing to be good for __________ing
to accuse someone of __________ing to be good at __________ing
to charge someone with __________ing to be bad at __________ing
to fine someone for __________ing to be guilty of __________ing
to be accustomed to __________ing

To Be + Noun + Preposition
Here are some combinations of the verb "to be" plus an object plus a preposition followed by a gerund:
to be a victim of __________ing
to be an advocate of __________ing
to be a believer in __________ing
to be a supporter of __________ing
to be a critic of __________ing

Gerunds as The Object of a Verb

When it comes to gerunds as the object of a verb, not all verbs are equal.
That is, some verbs can take a gerund as their objects, but other verbs cannot.
(Some verbs can take infinitives as their objects. Some verbs never take an object at all.)
These differences can only be learned, as individual vocabulary items.

Verb + Gerund:
Here are some verbs that are followed by a gerund.
(These verbs can be followed by any gerund. The gerunds used in these sentences are only examples.)

I admit losing the combination to the safe. I deny saying that.

I advise finding a good lawyer. We must discuss hiring more people.
I don't anticipate waiting very much longer. I dislike eating alone.
I appreciate hearing a good joke. I enjoy talking with new people.
I avoid flying as much as I can. I fear losing his confidence.
Would you consider selling your share of the When I finish typing this, I'll help you.
company? I gave up explaining my position to them.
We will delay signing an agreement. I often go dancing.

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I can't help thinking that we could have done better. You should practice using set phrases.
I quit smoking six years ago.
I can't imagine spending that much money. I recall meeting him a long time ago.
Business trips involve waiting in airports and I don't recollect being there.
staying in hotels. I recommend having the New York steak.
They keep saying that, but they don't do anything I resent having to sign in each morning.
about it. I couldn't resist telling them.
Did I mention seeing him yesterday? We should not risk losing their trust.
I don't mind working on the weekend. I hope they stop making so much noise so I can get
I will miss seeing you around. some sleep.
They postponed starting construction until next He suggested starting my own agency.
year. They won't tolerate trading insider information.

Ejemplos: Libro de texto pags. 28 y 29

Cuaderno pags: 12-14

Actions as subject deferred or

Situaciones en las que el sujeto se refiere al clima, distancias, tiempo, elementos de identificación

Verb/
It + + Infinitive
To be
Pags: 33-42
Cuaderno pags: 15-20

http://www.sonnerct.com/English_Rules/LR10_Gerunds_Infinitives.htm

THERE IS / THERE ARE (Present)

We use There is / There are to say that something exists (or does not exist). The real subject usually
comes after There is / There are.
Use
"There is" "There are" for plural nouns
for singular nouns
There is a river in my town There are two parks in my neighbourhood.
There is a ghost in this room There are 600 students in this school.

Negative form Quiestio form

There isn't a balcony. Is there a balcony in the flat?
There isn't an orange on the table. Is there a Post Office near hear?
There isn't ice on the lake. Yes, there is No, there isn't
There aren't two pictures on the wall. Just one.
There aren't chairs in my room. Are there two telephone lines?
Yes, there is No, there isn't

THERE was/were (Past) Singular, plural, affirmative, negative, question and question word
There + Auxiliar + Be (future) Affirmative, question and question word
Texto pags: 42-45
Cuaderno: 22-23

Calle 41 No. 303-A x 6 y 8 Col. Manuel Ávila Camacho. Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97159
Tel: 982-61-39, E-m@il: [email protected]