Name Class Date

Think About a Plan

3-1 Solving Systems Using Tables and Graphs

Sports You can choose between two tennis courts at two university campuses to
learn how to play tennis. One campus charges $25 per hour. The other campus
charges $20 per hour plus a one-time registration fee of $10.
a. Write a system of equations to represent the cost c for h hours of court use at
each campus.
b. Graphing Calculator Find the number of hours for which the costs are the same.

c. Reasoning If you want to practice for a total of 10 hours, which university

campus should you choose? Explain.
1. What is an equation that represents the cost c for h hours of court use for the
first campus?
c 5 25h

2. What is an equation that represents the cost c for h hours of court use for the
second campus?
c 5 20h 1 10

3. What is one method you can use to find the number of hours for which the
costs are the same?
Answers may vary. Sample: Graph both equations and find the point of intersection.

4. What is another method you can use to find the number of hours for which
the costs are the same?
Answers may vary. Sample: Use a table to list x-values until the corresponding y-values

match each other.

5. Use one of your methods to find the number of hours for which the costs are the same.
2h

6. What happens to the cost at the two campuses after you have practiced for the
number of hours you found in Exercise 5?
The cost at the first campus increases by $25 per hour, while the cost at the second

campus increases by $20 per hour.

7. If you want to practice for a total of 10 hours, which university campus should
you choose? Explain.
The second campus; after 2 hours, the cost of the first campus will always be greater

than the cost of the second campus, because the slope of the equation for the first

campus is greater than the slope of the equation for the second campus.

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Practice
3-1
Form K

Solving Systems Using Tables and Graphs

Solve each system by graphing or using a table. Check your answers.

y 5 2x 1 4 x2y52 y 5 22x 2 2
1. e 2. e 3. e
y 5 25x 2 3 y 5 2x 2y 5 x 1 6
(21, 2) (1, 21) (22, 2)

Write and solve a system of equations for each situation. Check your answers.
4. Each morning you do a combination of aerobics, which burns about 12
calories per minute, and stretching, which burns about 4 calories per minute.
Your goal is to burn 416 calories during a 60-minute workout. How long
should you spend on each type of exercise to burn the 416 calories?
x 1 y 5 60; 12x 1 4y 5 416; x 5 22 minutes aerobics; y 5 38 minutes
stretching

5. Suppose 28 members of your class went on a rafting trip. Class members could
either rent canoes for $16 each or rent kayaks for $19 each. The class spent
a total $469. How many people rented canoes and how many people rented
kayaks? x 1 y 5 28, 16x 1 19y 5 469; x 5 21 rented canoes, y 5 7 rented kayaks

For Exercise 6, use your graphing calculator to find a linear model for the set of
data. In what year will the two quantities be equal?
6.
Winning Times for the Olympic 100-Meter Butterfly
Year 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008
Male Times (s) 54.27 54.35 54.92 53.08 53.00 53.32 52.27 52.00 51.25 50.58
Female Times (s) 63.34 60.13 60.42 59.26 59.00 58.62 59.13 56.61 57.72 56.73

SOURCE: www.infoplease.com

2156

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Practice (continued)
3-1
Form K

Solving Systems Using Tables and Graphs

Without graphing, does each system have zero, one, or infinitely many
solutions? To start, rewrite each equation in slope-intercept form.
1
4y 1 8 5 12x 6y 2 3x 5 12 y 5 x 2 15
7. e 8. e 9. e 5
y 2 5 5 3x 2y 5 x 1 4 x 5 11 2 y
y 5 3x 2 2
e
y 5 3x 1 5
zero solutions infinitely many solutions one solution

Graph and solve each system.

2y 5 22x 1 9 y 5 3x 2 8 y 1 5 5 4x
10. e (4, 1) 11. e (0, 28) 12. e no solution
2y 5 2x 1 6 y5x28 2y 5 8x 1 2
y ⴝ ⴚ1 x ⴙ 3 y x y
2 4 2 O 2
y O
y ⴝ 3x ⴚ 8 4 2 2 x
2 4 y ⴝ 4x ⴙ 1
x
6 4 y ⴝ 4x ⴚ 5
O 2 4 6
2 y ⴝ ⴚ2x ⴙ 9 8 yⴝxⴚ8 6
4

13. Your business needs to ship a package to another store. Company A charges
$2.50 per pound plus a $20 service charge. Company B charges $4.50 per
pound without any service charge.
a. At what weight does it cost the same for both companies? 10 pounds
b. If your package weighs 14 pounds, which shipping company should your
business use? Company A

14. Reasoning Is it possible for a linear system with infinitely many solutions to
contain two lines with different y-intercepts? No; a system with infinitely many
solutions contains the same line.

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Standardized Test Prep

3-1 Solving Systems Using Tables and Graphs

Multiple Choice
For Exercises 1–4, choose the correct letter.
1. Which system of equations is inconsistent? C
x1y54 6x 1 3y 5 12
e e
x2y53 2y 5 24x 1 4

2y 2 x 5 5 23x 1 y 5 4
e e
4y 5 2x 1 10 2y 5 26x 1 8
2x 1 3y 5 12
2. Which ordered pair of numbers is the solution of the system? e G
2x 2 3y 5 4
(2, 3) (3, 2) (1, 22) (23, 6)

3. Which of the following graphs shows the solution of the system?

2x 1 2y 5 24
e D
2x 2 2y 5 28
4 y 4 y 4 y 4 y
2 2 2 2
x x x x
2 O 2 4 4 2 O 2 4 2 O 2 4 4 2 O 2 4
2 2 2 2
4 4 4 4

4. You and your friend are both knitting scarves for charity. You knit 8 rows each
minute and already have knitted 10 rows. Your friend knits 5 rows each minute
and has already knitted 19 rows. When will you both have knitted the same
number of rows? G
2.6 minutes 3 minutes 9.7 minutes 34 minutes

Short Response
5. The sides of an angle are two lines whose equations are 4x 1 y 5 12 and 12 y
y 5 3x 2 2. An angle has its vertex at the point where the lines meet. 8
Use a graph to determine the coordinates of the vertex. What are the 4
coordinates of the vertex? x
[2] graph at right; (2, 4) 8 4 O 4 8
4
[1] correct coordinates, without graph
[0] no answer given

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3-2 Solving Systems Algebraically

Chemistry A scientist wants to make 6 milliliters of a 30% sulfuric acid solution.

The solution is to be made from a combination of a 20% sulfuric acid solution
and a 50% sulfuric acid solution. How many milliliters of each solution must be
combined to make the 30% solution?

Know
1. The scientist will begin with       
20 z% and       
50 z
% solutions. z z
2. The scientist wants to make       
6 z z
ml of 30% solution.

Need
3. To solve the problem you need to define:
x 5 ml of 20% solution

y 5 ml of 50% solution

Plan
4. What are two equations you can write to model the situation?
0.2x 1 0.5y 5 1.8 and x 1 y 5 6

5. Which method should you use to solve the system of equations? Explain.
Answers may vary. Sample: Substitution; it is easy to solve one of the

equations (x 1 y 5 6) and get one of the variables in terms of the other variable.

6. Solve the system of equations.

x 5 4; y 5 2

7. How can you interpret the solutions in the context of the problem?
4 ml of the 20% solution and 2 ml of the 50% solution should be combined.

8. Do your solutions check? Explain.

yes; 4 ml 1 2 ml 5 6 ml, and

4 ml ? 0.2 1 2 ml ? 0.5 5 0.8 ml 1 1 ml 5 1.8 ml 5 6 ml ? 0.3

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Practice
3-2
Form K

Solving Systems Algebraically

Solve each system by substitution. Check your answers. To start, solve one
equation for y and substitute into the other equation.

4x 1 3y 5 9 3x 2 y 5 0 x 2 4y 5 1
1. e 2. e 3. e
2x 2 y 5 7 5x 1 2y 5 244 x 1 2y 5 13
x 5 24, y 5 212 x 5 9, y 5 2
y 5 2x 2 7
4x 1 3(2x 2 7) 5 9
x 5 3, y 5 21

4. Your internet provider offers two different plans. One plan costs $.02 per email
plus a $9 monthly service charge. The other plan costs $.05 per email with no
service charge. Variable may vary. Sample: y 5 0.02x 1 9, y 5 0.05x
a. Write a system of equations to model the cost of the two internet plans.
b. For how many email messages will both plans cost the same? 300 messages
c. If you send and receive about 500 email messages per month, which plan
should you use? the plan that costs $.02 per email plus the $9 monthly service charge

5. A boat can travel 24 mi in 3 h when traveling with the current. When traveling against the
same current, the boat can travel only 16 mi in 4 h. Find the rate of the current and the
rate of the boat in still water.
2 mi/h, 6 mi/h

2x 1 y 5 10
6. Writing Explain how you would solve the system e using
y5x14
substitution.
Answers may vary. Sample: Substitute x 1 4 for y in the first equation and solve
for x. Then substitute x 5 2 into either of the original equations and solve for y.

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Practice (continued)
3-2
Form K

Solving Systems Algebraically

y 5 7x 1 5
7. Error Analysis You and your friend are solving the system e .
3y 5 21x 1 15
You say there are infinitely many solutions and your friend says the solution is
5
Q 27, 0 R . Which of you is correct? What mistake was made?
You are correct; your friend forgot to multiply by 3 when substituting the value
for y into the second equation.

Solve each system by elimination. Check your answers.

2x 2 2y 5 4 2x 1 4y 5 18 23x 1 5y 5 16
8. e 9. e 10. e
22x 1 3y 5 6 x 2 4y 5 6 3x 1 y 5 8
y 5 10 x 5 8, y 5 12 x 5 43 , y 5 4
x 5 12, y 5 10

x 1 3y 5 8 3x 2 y 5 2 4x 2 5y 5 6
11. e 12. e 13. e
4x 2 2y 5 4 6x 1 2y 5 16 2x 2 2y 5 4
x 5 2, y 5 2 x 5 53 , y 5 3 x 5 4, y 5 2

4x 1 2y 5 16
14. Writing Explain how you would solve the system e using
2x 1 5y 5 10
elimination.
Answers may vary. Sample: First, multiply 2x 1 5y 5 10 by 22. Then add the
equations to eliminate the variable x. Next, solve for y. Finally, substitute 12 for y into
one of the equations and solve for x.

15. Open-Ended Write a system of equations in which one equation could be

multiplied by 22 and the other equation could be multiplied by 3 in order to
solve the system using elimination.
4y 1 3x 5 8
Answers may vary. Sample: e
6y 1 2x 5 6

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Standardized Test Prep

3-2 Solving Systems Algebraically

Multiple Choice
For Exercises 124, choose the correct letter.

14x 2 10y 5 23
Use the system of equations for Exercises 1 and 2. e
12x 1 15y 5 12
1. What is the value of x in the solution? D
297 215
28
3
5
3
4

2. What is the value of y in the solution? G

3 3 3 24
35 5 4 35

3. Which of the following systems of equations has the solution (4, 21)? A
3x 2 2y 5 14 22x 1 4y 5 6
e e
2x 1 2y 5 6 23x 1 6y 5 8
3x 2 y 5 0 4x 1 9y 5 1
e e
4x 1 3y 5 26 4x 1 6y 5 22

4. At a bookstore, used hardcover books sell for $8 each and used softcover
books sell for $2 each. You purchase 36 used books and spend $144. How
many softcover books do you buy? I
9 12 18 24

Extended Response
5. A local cell phone company offers two different calling plans. In the first plan,
you pay a monthly fee of $30 and $.35 per minute. In the second plan you pay
a monthly fee of $99 and $.05 per minute.
a. Write a system of equations showing the two calling plans.
b. When is it better to use the first calling plan?
c. When is it better to use the second calling plan?
d. How much does it cost when the calling plans are equal?
[4] y 5 0.35x 1 30, y 5 0.05x 1 99 where x 5 number minutes per month and y 5 total
plan cost; the first plan is better when you use less than 230 minutes; the second plan is
better when you use more than 230 minutes; $110.50 when plans are equal.
[3] correct equations, but with one computational error
[2] incorrect equation OR multiple computational errors
[1] correct answers, without work shown
[0] no answers given

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3-3 Systems of Inequalities

College Admissions An entrance exam has two sections, a verbal section and a
mathematics section. You can score a maximum of 1600 points. For admission,
the school of your choice requires a math score of at least 600. Write a system of
inequalities to model scores that meet the school’s requirements. Then solve the
system by graphing.

Know
1. The sum of the verbal score and the mathematics score must be
less than or equal to 1600.

2. Each of the scores must be L 0

3. The mathematics score must be greater than or equal to 600.

Need
4. To solve the problem, you need to find the possible scores that meet the school’s

requirements .

Plan
5. What system of inequalities models this situation?
Answers may vary. Sample: Let x 5 the verbal score, let y 5 the math score; x L 0,

y L 0, x 1 y K 1600, y L 600.

1600 y
6. Graph your system of inequalities on the grid at the right.
(200, 700)
1200
7. How do you know which region in your graph represents
the solution?
800
Answers may vary. Sample: Test a point, such as

(200, 700). It satisfies all of the inequalities, so the 400

points in its region represent solutions of the problem. x

0
0 400 800 1200 1600

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Practice
3-3
Form K

Systems of Inequalities

Find all whole number solutions of each system using a table. To start, make a
table of values for x and y that satisfy the first inequality.

y1x#8 y 2 2x # 22 2y 1 x $ 24
1. e 2. e 3. e
y 2 1 . 2x y # 2x 1 5 3y , 29x 1 3

x y x y x y
0 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 0 0 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
1 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 1 0 1 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
2 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 2 2, 1, 0 2 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
3 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 3 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
3 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
4 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
4 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 4 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
5 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
5 3, 2, 1, 0 5 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 6 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
6 2, 1, 0 6 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0

Solve each system of inequalities by graphing. To start, graph the first

inequality.

y # 2x 1 2 2x 2 y # 2 y$x23
4. e 5. e 6. e
y , 2x 1 1 y 2 2x . 1 2y , x 1 6

y y y
12
2 2 10
x O x 8
6
⫺4 ⫺2 O 4 ⫺4 ⫺2 2 4 4
⫺2 ⫺2
x
⫺4 ⫺4
O 4 6 8 10 12

7. You want to bake at least 6 loaves of bread for a bake sale. You want at least
twice as many loaves of banana bread as nut bread. Write and graph a system
of inequalities to model the situation. Variables may vary. Sample: y L 2x 1 6, y L 2x,
where x 5 the number of loaves of nut bread and y 5 the number of loaves
of banana bread
y
8
6
4
2

O 2 4 6 8 x

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Practice (continued)
3-3
Form K

Systems of Inequalities

8. Writing Explain how you would test whether (25, 9) is a solution of the
y . 6x 1 2
system e . Substitute the x- and y-coordinates into BOTH
y # 23x 1 1
inequalities. If BOTH inequalities are true, then the ordered pair is a solution of the
system. Since 9 S 228 and 9 K 16 are both true, (25, 9) is a solution of the given
system.

9. An exam has two sections: a multiple choice section and an essay. You can
score a maximum of 100 points. To pass the test, you must get at least 65
points on the essay. Write a system of inequalities to model passing scores.
Then graph the system. Variables may vary. Sample: y K 2x 1 100, y L 65,
where x 5 the score on the multiple choice section and y 5 the score on the essay
y
80
60
40
20

O 20 40 60 80 x

10. For your rock collection display, you want to have at most 25 samples. You
want to have at least 3 times as many sedimentary samples as metamorphic
samples. Write and graph a system of inequalities to model the situation.
Variables may vary. Sample: y L 3x, y K 2x 1 25, where x 5 the number of
metamorphic samples and y 5 the number of sedimentary samples
y
24
18
12
6

O 2 4 6 8 x
Solve each system of inequalities by graphing.

x2y#5 5x 2 2y . 6 y , 3x 1 4
11. c x $ 0 12. c x $ 0 13. c x $ 1
y$0 y$0 y$0

y y y
8 10
4 8
6
6
4 2 4
2 x 2
x
O 2 4 6
O 2 4 6 8 O 2 4 6 8 10 x

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Standardized Test Prep

3-3 Systems of Inequalities

Multiple Choice
For Exercises 1−4, choose the correct letter.
1. Which system of inequalities is shown in the graph? A
y # 22x 1 2 y $ 22x 1 2 4 y
e e
y.x24 y , x24 2
x
y . 22x 1 2 y , 22x 1 2
e e ⫺4 ⫺2 O 2 4
y#x24 y $ x24 ⫺2
⫺4

2. Which of the following graphs shows the solution of the system of

y $ 22x 1 2
inequalities? e G
y # u3x u
4 y 4 y 4 y 4 y
2 2 2 2
x x x x
⫺4 ⫺2 O 2 4 ⫺4 ⫺2 O 2 4 ⫺4 ⫺2 O 2 4 ⫺4 ⫺2 O 2 4
⫺2 ⫺2 ⫺2 ⫺2
⫺4 ⫺4 ⫺4 ⫺4

y , 5x 2 1
3. Which point lies in the solution set for the system? e
y $ 7 2 3x C
(25, 1) (2, 23) (4, 4) (1, 6)

4. How many of the ordered pairs in the data table provided are solutions of the
x1y#4
system? e G x y
x$1
0 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
6 9
10 15 1 3, 2, 1, 0
2 2, 1, 0
Short Response 3 1, 0
4 0
x1y.2
5. Is (4, 22) a solution of the system? e
2x 2 y , 1
Explain how you made your determination.
[2] No; substitute the ordered pair into each inequality and simplify. Both inequalities
are false, so the ordered pair is not a solution of the system.
[1] correct answer, without work shown
[0] incorrect answer and no work shown OR no answer given

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3-4 Linear Programming

Cooking Baking a tray of corn muffins takes 4 cups of milk and 3 cups of wheat
flour. Baking a tray of bran muffins takes 2 cups of milk and 3 cups of wheat flour.
A baker has 16 cups of milk and 15 cups of wheat flour. He makes $3 profit per tray
of corn muffins and $2 profit per tray of bran muffins. How many trays of each
type of muffin should the baker make to maximize his profit?

Understanding the Problem

1. Organize the information in a table.

Corn Muffin Bran Muffin

Trays, x Trays, y Total
Milk (cups) 4x 2y 16
Flour (cups) 3x 3y 15
Profit 3x 2y 3x 1 2y

2. What are the constraints and the objective function?

4x 1 2y K 16
3x 1 3y K 15
Constraints: e Objective Function: P 5 3x 1 2y
xL0
yL0
y

Planning the Solution 8

(0, 5)
Bran Muffin Trays

3. Graph the constraints on the grid at the right. 6

4. Label the vertices of the feasible region on your graph. 4

(3, 2)
2
Getting an Answer (0, 0) (4, 0)
x
5. What is the value of the objective function at each vertex? 0
0 2 4 6 8
P(0, 5) 5 10; P(3, 2) 5 13; P(4, 0) 5 12; P(0, 0) 5 0 Corn Muffin Trays

6. At which vertex is the objective function maximized?

(3, 2)

7. How can you interpret the solution in the context of the problem?
The baker should make 3 trays of corn muffins and 2 trays of bran muffins to

maximize his profit.

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Practice
3-4
Form K

Linear Programming

Graph each system of constraints. Name all vertices. Then find the values of x
and y that maximize or minimize the objective function.
y # 2x 1 3 y # 2x 1 4 y # 12 x 1 2
1 1
1. c y # 22 x 1 2 2. c y # 23x 1 2 3. c y # 2x 1 8
x $ 0, y $ 0 x $ 0, y $ 0 x $ 2, y $ 1
Maximum for Minimum for Maximum for
P 5 24x 1 3y P 5 2x 1 3y P 5 x 2 4y
4 y 6 y y
B(0, 2) 6
C(2, 1) 4 C(4, 4)
A(0, 0) x B(2, 3)
2 D(3, 0) (0, 2) (3, 1)
⫺4 ⫺2 O x 2 D(7, 1)
⫺2 A(2, 1)
⫺2 O 2 4
⫺4 (0, 0)⫺2 (4, 0) O 2 4 6 x
max P at (0, 2) min P at (0, 0) max P at (7, 1)

4. Teams chosen from 30 forest rangers and 16 trainees are planting trees. An
experienced team consisting of two rangers can plant 500 trees per week. A training
team consisting of one ranger and two trainees can plant 200 trees per week.

Experienced Training
Teams Teams Total
Number of Teams x y x1y
Number of Rangers 2x y 30
Number of Trainees 0 2y 16
Number of Trees Planted 500x 200y 500x 1 200y

a. Write an objective function and constraints for a linear program that models
the problem. P 5 500x 1 200y; constraints: 2x 1 y K 30, 2y K 16, x L 0, y L 0
b. How many of each type of team should be formed to maximize the number
of trees planted? How many trainees are used in this solution? How many
trees are planted in a week? 15 experienced teams and 0 training teams;
7500 trees planted

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Practice (continued)
3-4
Form K

Linear Programming

Graph each system of constraints. Name all vertices. Then find the values of x
and y that maximize or minimize the objective function. Find the maximum or
minimum value. See graphs below.
y # 23x 1 7 y 2 5 # 4x 3y # 2x 1 9
5. c 2y 1 x # 9 6. c y 1 x # 10 7. c y 1 2x # 8
x $ 0, y $ 0 x $ 0, y $ 3 x $ 0, y $ 0

Minimum for Maximum for Maximum for

P 5 2x 1 y P 5 7x 2 5y P 5 4x 1 y

8. Reasoning Why are x $ 0 and y $ 0 part of the constraints in many linear

programs? In most real-life situations, you cannot have negative resources.

y
9. Error Analysis Your friend says the graph to the right can 12
be used to determine the maximum for P 5 2x 1 3y with the 8
2y 1 x # 10
4
constraints cy 2 12 # 24x . What mistake did your friend make?
x $ 0, y $ 0 O 4 8 12 x

He shaded the graph to show the constraints as greater than instead of less than.

5. y 6. C(1, 9) 7. y
y
6 6
(0, 4½) 4 (1, 4) B(0, 5)
4
4 (0, 3) (3, 2)
2 2
x 2 A(0, 3) D(7, 3) (4, 0)
(0, 0) O 2 4 6 (0, 0) O 2 4 6 x
O 2 4 6 x
min P at (0, 0) 5 0 max P at (7, 3) 5 34 max P at (4, 0) 5 16

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Standardized Test Prep

3-4 Linear Programming

Multiple Choice
For Exercises 1–4, choose the correct letter.
1. The vertices of a feasible region are (0, 0), (0, 2), (5, 2), and (4, 0). For which
objective function is the maximum cost C found at the vertex (4, 0)? C
C 5 22x 1 3y C 5 2x 1 7y C 5 4x 2 3y C 5 5x 1 3y

3 7
2. A feasible region has vertices at (0, 0), (3, 0), Q 2 , 2 R , and (0, 3). What are the
maximum and minimum values for the objective function P 5 6x 1 8y? F
minimum (0, 0) 5 0 minimum (0, 0) 5 14
maximum Q 32 , 72 R 5 37 maximum Q 32 , 72 R 5 17
minimum (0, 0) 5 0 minimum (0, 0) 5 0
maximum (3, 0) 5 24 maximum (0, 3) 5 30

3. Which values of x and y minimize N for the objective function N 5 2x 1 y? A

x1y$8
Constraints cx 1 2y $ 14
x $ 0, y $ 0
(0, 0) (0, 7) (2, 6) (8, 0)

4. Which of the following systems has the vertices (0, 5), (1, 4), (3, 0), and (0, 0)? G

x1y$5 x1y#5 x1y#5 x1y#5

c2x 1 y $ 6 c2x 1 y # 6 cx 1 2y # 6 c2x 1 2y # 6
x $ 0, y $ 0 x $ 0, y $ 0 x $ 0, y $ 0 x $ 0, y $ 0

Short Response
y
40
5. The figure at the right shows the feasible region for a system of C(0,40)
constraints. This system includes x $ 0 and y $ 0. What are the 30
remaining constraints? Show your work.
20
[2] Work should show the use of two points of each line
2x 1 y L 40 10 B(10,20)
to find slope and linear inequalities, b
x 1 2y L 50 A(50,0) x
O 10 20 30 40 50
[1] correct inequalities, without work shown OR correct
process with one computational error
[0] no answer given and no work shown OR no answer
given

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Think About a Plan

3-5 Systems With Three Variables

Sports A stadium has 49,000 seats. Seats sell for $25 in Section A, $20 in Section B, and $15
in Section C. The number of seats in Section A equals the total number of seats in Sections B
and C. Suppose the stadium takes in $1,052,000 from each sold-out event. How many seats
does each section hold?

Understanding the Problem

1. Define a variable for each unknown in this problem.

Let x 5 the number of seats in Section A

Let y 5 the number of seats in Section B
Let z 5 the number of seats in Section C

2. What system of equations represents this situation?

x 1 y 1 z 5 49,000

x5y1z

25x 1 20y 1 15z 5 1,052,000

Planning the Solution

3. Can you write a simpler equivalent equation for one of the equations in your
system? If so, write the equivalent equation.
yes; 5x 1 4y 1 3z 5 210,400

4. What method of solving looks easier for this problem? Explain.

Answers may vary. Sample: Substitution; one of the equations is already

solved for x.

Getting an Answer
5. Solve the system of equations.
(24,500, 14,400, 10,100)

6. How can you interpret the solution in the context of the problem?
Section A holds 24,500 seats, Section B holds 14,400 seats, and Section C

holds 10,100 seats.

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Practice
3-5
Form K

Systems With Three Variables

Solve each system by elimination. Check your answers. To start, pair the
equations to eliminate one variable and add.
x 1 2y 1 z 5 10 2a 1 b 1 c 5 9
1. c 2x 2 y 1 3z 5 25 (7, 4, 25) 2. c a 1 2b 1 c 5 8 (2, 1, 4)
2x 2 3y 2 5z 5 27 a 1 b 1 2c 5 11

22(x 1 2y 1 z) 5 (22 ? 10)

1 2x 2 y 1 3z 5 25   
25y 1 4z 5 225

Solve each system by substitution. Check your answers.

2x 1 y 1 z 5 14 3x 1 2y 2 z 5 12
3. c 2x 2 3y 1 2z 5 22 (1, 5, 7) 4. c 24x 1 y 2 2z 5 4 (2, 0, 26)
4x 2 6y 1 3z 5 25 x 2 3y 1 z 5 24

y 5 22x 2 z 1 14
2x 2 3(22x 2 z 1 14) 1 2z 5 22
2x 1 6x 1 3z 2 42 1 2z 5 22
5x 1 5z 5 40
x1z 5 8

5. You have 17 coins in pennies, nickels, and dimes in your pocket. The value of
the coins is $0.47. There are four times the number of pennies as nickels. How
many of each type of coin do you have? 12 pennies, 3 nickels, 2 dimes

6. Writing When you solve a system of equations, explain how you can
determine if your solution is correct.
Substitute your solution back into the original equations. If all of the equations are true,
the solution is correct.

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Practice
3-5
(continued) Form K

Systems With Three Variables

Solve each system using any method.

4x 2 y 1 z 5 0
7. c 22x 1 2y 1 3z 5 3
2x 1 3y 2 2z 5 219
(22, 25, 3)

x 1 2y 1 z 5 220
8. c 22x 1 y 2 z 5 25
5x 1 2y 2 z 5 16
(4, 27, 210)

3x 1 2y 1 2z 5 13
9. c 2x 1 y 2 z 5 25
x 2 3y 1 z 5 216
(23, 6, 5)

10. For a party, you are cooking a large amount of stew that has meat, potatoes,
and carrots. The meat costs $6 per pound, the potatoes cost $3 per pound, and
the carrots cost $1 per pound. You spend $48.50 on 13.5 pounds of food. You
buy twice as many carrots as potatoes.
a. Write a system of three equations that represent how much Variables may vary.
food you bought. x 1 y 1 z 5 13.5
b. How much of each ingredient did you buy? Sample: c6x 1 3y 1 z 5 48.5
6 lb meat, 2.5 lb potatoes, 5 lb carrots z 5 2y

11. Multiple Choice What is the value of z in the solution of the system?
3x 2 4y 1 2z 5 20
cx 1 y 2 z 5 24 C
6x 2 y 1 2z 5 23
2 5
21 25

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Standardized Test Prep

3-5 Systems With Three Variables

Gridded Response
Solve each exercise and enter your answer in the grid provided.
1. A change machine contains nickels, dimes, and quarters. There are 75 coins
in the machine, and the value of the coins is $7.25. There are 5 times as many
nickels as dimes. How many quarters are in the machine?

2. The sum of three numbers is 23. The first number is equal to twice the second
number minus 7. The third number is equal to one more than the sum of the
first and second numbers. What is the first number?

3. A fish’s tail weighs 9 lb. Its head weighs as much as its tail plus half its body.
Its body weighs as much as its head and tail. How many pounds does the fish
weigh?

4. You are training for a triathlon. In your training routine each week, you bike
5 times as far as you run and you run 4 times as far as you swim. One week you
trained a total of 200 miles. How many miles did you swim that week?

5. Three multiplied by the first number is equal to the second number plus 4.
The second number is equal to one plus two multiplied by the third number.
The third number is one less than the first number. What is the sum of all three
numbers?

Answers
1. 15 2. 5 3. 7 2 4. 8 5. 10
– – – – –

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

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Think About a Plan

3-6 Solving Systems Using Matrices

Paint A hardware store mixes paints in a ratio of two parts red to six parts yellow
to make two gallons of pumpkin orange. A ratio of five parts red to three parts
yellow makes two gallons of pepper red. A gallon of pumpkin orange sells for $25,
and a gallon of pepper red sells for $28. Find the cost of 1 quart of red paint and
the cost of 1 quart of yellow paint.

Know

z
1. There are       
4 z
quarts in 1 gallon.

z
2.       
2 z z
qt red 1       
6 z z
qt yellow 5       
8 z
qt pumpkin orange

z      
5 zqt red 1z      
3 zqt yellow 5z      
8 zqt pepper red
z
3.       
4 z z
quarts of pumpkin orange cost       
$25 . z
z      
4 zquarts of pepper red cost z      
$28 z.
Need

4. To solve the problem you need to define:

Variables may vary. Sample: x 5 cost of 1 qt of red paint, y 5 cost of 1 qt of yellow paint

5. To solve the problem you need to find:

a system of two equations

Plan
6. What system of equations represents this situation?
Variables may vary. Sample: x 1 3y 5 25, 5x 1 3y 5 56
1 3 25
7. How can you represent the system of equations with a matrix? c  `   d
5 3 56
8. Solve the system of equations using the matrix.
(7.75, 5.75)

9. How can you interpret the solutions in the context of the problem?
1 qt of red paint costs $7.75 and 1 qt of yellow paint costs $5.75.

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Practice
3-6
Form K

Solving Systems Using Matrices

Identify the indicated element.

4 22 2
A 5 C1 4 1S
0 5 27

1. a21 2. a13 3. a32 4. a33

row 2, column 1
1 2 5 27

Write a matrix to represent each system.

3x 1 2y 2 2z 5 9
2x 1 y 5 8 24x 1 y 5 23
5. b 6. b 7. c 5x 1 y 2 3z 5 27
x 2 3y 5 23 2x 1 y 5 0
x 1 4y 1 3z 5 5
2 1 8 24 1 23
B  `   R B  `   R 3 2 22 9
1 23 23 2 1 0
C 5 1 23  †  27 S
1 4 3 5
Write the system of equations represented by each matrix.
21 5 24 0
21 2 5 1 6 7
8. B  `   R 9. B  `   R 10. C 3 4 1  †  21 S
4 3 21 2 4 22
23 6 27 2
2x 1 2y 5 5 x 1 6y 5 7
b b 2x 1 5y 2 4z 5 0
4x 1 3y 5 21 2x 1 4y 5 22
c3x 1 4y 1 z 5 21
23x 1 6y 2 7z 5 2

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Practice (continued)
3-6
Form K

Solving Systems Using Matrices

11. Error Analysis Your classmate says that in the matrix to the right, a23 is 6. 3 21 4
What mistake did your classmate make? What is the correct answer? A 5 C1 5 22 S
She used column 2, row 3 instead of row 2, column 3.
2 6 23
The correct answer is 22.

Solve the system of equations using a matrix.

x 2 2y 5 210 23x 2 y 5 21 2x 1 5y 5 211

12. b 13. b 14. b
22x 2 3y 5 21 4x 1 y 5 3 2x 1 y 5 2
1 22 210 (2, 25) (23, 21)
B  `   R
22 23 21
(24, 3)

15. You work at a fruit stand that sells apples for $2 per pound, oranges for $5 per
pound, and bananas for $3 per pound. Yesterday you sold 60 pounds of fruit 1 1 1 60
and made $180. You sold 10 more pounds of apples than bananas. C 2 5 3   †  180 S
a. Write a matrix to show the system of equations for this situation. 1 0 21 10
b. How many pounds of each kind of fruit did you sell yesterday? 28 lb apples, 14 lb oranges,
c. What kind of fruit did you sell the most? apples 18 lb bananas

16. Open-Ended Write a matrix for a system of two equations that does not have a
solution. Answers may vary. Sample: any matrix containing the equations of two
parallel lines

5x 1 2y 5 3
17. Writing Explain how to write the system b as a matrix.
4x 5 7
First, write each equation in the same variable order. Line up the variables. Leave space
where a coefficient is 0. Write the matrix using the coefficients and constants. Enter zeros
5 2 3
for any “missing” variables. The matrix is B  `   R .
4 0 7

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Standardized Test Prep

3-6 Solving Systems Using Matrices

Multiple Choice
For Exercises 1–3, choose the correct letter.

4 21 2 6
1. Which system of equations is equivalent to D 3 0 4  4  2T? B
1 5 3 7

4x 1 y 1 2z 5 6 4x 1 y 1 2z 5 6
c3x 1 4z 5 2 c3x 1 y 1 4z 5 2
x 1 5y 1 3z 5 7 x 1 5y 1 3z 5 7

4x 2 y 1 2z 5 6 4x 2 y 1 2z 5 6
c3x 1 4z 5 2 c3x 1 y 1 4z 5 2
x 1 5y 1 3z 5 7 x 1 5y 1 3z 5 7

2 3 21 2
2. What is the solution of the system represented by the matrix D 23 24 2  4  22T? H
1 2 21 3

(1, 3, 4) (4, 23, 1) (24, 3, 21) (3, 24, 21)

3. How many elements are in a 2 3 3 matrix? D

2 4 5 6

Short Response
4. A clothing store is having a sale. A pair of jeans costs $15 and a shirt costs $8.
You spend $131 and buy a total of 12 items. Using a matrix, how many pairs of
jeans and shirts do you buy? Show your work.
1 1 12
[2] Matrices may vary. Sample: c  `   d ; 5 pairs of jeans; 7 shirts
15 8 131
[1] correct solution, without work shown OR correct process with one
computational error
[0] incorrect answer and no work shown OR no answer given

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