P2: Standard Reduction Potentials by Value

The following table provides Eo for selected reduction reactions. Values are from the following sources: Bard, A. J.;
Parsons, B.; Jordon, J., eds. Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions, Dekker: New York, 1985; Milazzo, G.; Caroli, S.;
Sharma, V. K. Tables of Standard Electrode Potentials, Wiley: London, 1978; Swift, E. H.; Butler, E. A. Quantitative
Measurements and Chemical Equilibria, Freeman: New York, 1972.
The table is ordered such that the stronger (more reactive) reductants are at the top and the stronger oxidants are at the
bottom.
Standard Cathode (Reduction) Half-Reaction Standard Reduction Potential E° (volts)

Li+(aq) + e- ⇌ Li(s) –3.040

Ba2+ + 2e−⇌ Ba(s) –2.92
Rb+ + e- ⇌ Rb (s) -2.98
K+(aq) + e- ⇌ K(s) -2.93
Cs+(aq) + e- ⇌ Cs(s) -2.92
Ba2+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Ba(s) -2.91
Sr2+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Sr(s) -2.89
Ca2+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Ca(s) –2.84
Na+(aq) + e- ⇌ Na(s) –2.713
Mg(OH)2(s) + 2e−⇌ Mg(s) + 2OH− –2.687
La3+ + 3e−⇌ La(s) –2.38
Mg2+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Mg(s) -2.356
Ce3+ + 3e−⇌ Ce(s) –2.336
Al(OH)4− + 3e−⇌ Al(s) + 4OH− –2.310
AlF63− + 3e−⇌ Al(s) + 6F− –2.07
Be2+ + 2e−⇌ Be(s) –1.99
B(OH)4− + 3e−⇌ B(s) + 4OH− –1.811
U3+ + 3e−⇌ U(s) –1.66
Al3+(aq) + 3e- ⇌ Al(s) –1.676
SiF62− + 4e−⇌ Si(s) + 6F− –1.37
Zn(CN)42− + 2e−⇌ Zn(s) + 4CN –1.34
Zn(OH)42− + 2e−⇌ Zn(s) + 4OH− –1.285
Mn2+ + 2e−⇌ Mn(s) –1.17
V2+ + 2e−⇌ V(s) –1.13
2SO32− + 2H2O(l) + 2e− ⇌ S2O42− + 4OH− –1.13
Zn(NH3)42+ + 2e− ⇌ Zn(s) + 4NH3 –1.04
O2 (aq) + e- ⇌ O2-(aq) -1.0
Cd(CN)42− + 2e−⇌ Cd(s) + 4CN− –0.943
MoO42− + 4H2O(l) + 6e−⇌Mo(s) + 8OH− –0.913
SiO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e−⇌ Si(s) + 2H2O(l) –0.909
SO42− + H2O(l) + 2e− ⇌ SO32−+ 2OH− –0.936
Cr2+ + 2e− ⇌ Cr(s) –0.90
B(OH)3 + 3H+ + 3e− ⇌ B(s) + 3H2O(l) –0.890
2H2O(l) + 2e- ⇌ H2(g) + 2OH-(aq) -0.828
Zn2+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Zn(s) –0.7618
Co(OH)2(s) + 2e−⇌ Co(s) + 2OH− –0.746
Cr3+(aq) + 3e- ⇌ Cr(s) –0.424

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 Ni(OH)2 + 2e−⇌ Ni(s) + 2OH− –0.72
Ag2S(s) + 2e−⇌ 2Ag(s) + S2− –0.71
Se(s) + 2e−⇌ Se2− –0.67 in 1 M NaOH
Cd(NH3)42+ + 2e−⇌ Cd(s) + 4NH3 –0.622
2SO32− + 3H2O(l) + 4e− ⇌S2O32− + 6OH− –0.576 in 1 M NaOH
U4+ + e− ⇌ U3+ –0.52
SiO2(s) + 8H+ + 8e− ⇌ SiH4(g) + 2H2O(l) –0.516
Sb + 3H+ + 3e− ⇌ SbH3(g) –0.510
H3PO3+ 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H3PO2 + H2O(l) -0.50
Ni(NH3)62+ + 2e− ⇌ Ni(s) + 6NH3 –0.49
2CO2(g) + 2H+ +2e−⇌ H2C2O4 –0.481
Cr3+ + e−⇌ Cr2+ –0.424
Fe2+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Fe(s) -0.44
S(s) + 2e−⇌ S2− –0.407
Cd2+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Cd(s) –0.4030
Ag(NH3)2+ + e−⇌ Ag(s) + 2NH3 –0.373
Ti3+ + e−⇌ Ti2+ –0.37
PbSO4(s) + 2e−⇌ Pb(s) + SO42− –0.356
Co2+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Co(s) –0.277
2SO42− + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ S2O62− + 2H2O(l) –0.25
N2(g) + 5H+ + 4e−⇌ N2H5+ –0.23
H3PO4 + 2H+ + 2e−⇌ H3PO3 + H2O(l) -0.28
Ni2+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Ni(s) –0.257
V3+ + e− ⇌ V2+ –0.255
As + 3H+ + 3e− ⇌ AsH3(g) –0.225
CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ HCO2H –0.20
Mo3+ + 3e− ⇌ Mo(s) –0.2
Sn2+ + 2e− ⇌ Sn(s) –0.19 in 1 M HCl
Ti2+ + 2e−⇌ Ti(s) –0.163
MoO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e−⇌ Mo(s) + 2H2O(l) –0.152
AgI(s) + e− ⇌ Ag(s) + I− –0.152
Sn2+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Sn(s) -0.14
Pb2+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Pb(s) -0.126
CrO42− + 4H2O(l) + 3e− ⇌2Cr(OH)4− + 4OH− –0.13 in 1 M NaOH
WO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e−⇌ W(s) + 2H2O(l) –0.119
Se(s) + 2H+ + 2e−⇌ H2Se(g) –0.115
CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e−⇌ CO(g) + H2O(l) –0.106
WO3(s) + 6H+ + 6e−⇌ W(s) + 3H2O(l) –0.090
Hg2I2(s) + 2e−⇌ 2Hg(l) + 2I− –0.0405
Fe3+(aq) + 3e- ⇌ Fe(s) -0.037
2H+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ H2(g) 0.00
P(s,white) + 3H+ + 3e−⇌ PH3(g) 0.06
AgBr(s) + e−⇌ Ag(s) + Br− 0.071
S4O62− + 2e−⇌2S2O32− 0.080
Co(NH3)63+ +e−⇌Co(NH3)62+ 0.1

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 Ru(NH3)63+ + e−⇌ Ru(s) + Ru(NH3)62+ 0.10
S(s) + 2H+ + 2e−⇌ H2S 0.144
Sn4+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Sn2+(aq) 0.154
Cu2+(aq) + e- ⇌ Cu+(aq) 0.159
UO22+ + e− ⇌UO2+ 0.16
Co(OH)3(s) + e−⇌ Co(OH)2(s) + OH− 0.17
ClO4-(aq) + H2O(l) + 2e- ⇌ ClO3-(aq) + 2OH-(aq) 0.17
SO42− + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2SO32−+ H2O(l) 0.172
BiCl4− + 3e−⇌ Bi(s) + 4Cl− 0.199
SbO+ + 2H+ + 3e−⇌ Sb(s) + H2O(l) 0.212
AgCl(s) + e- ⇌ Ag(s) + Cl-(aq) 0.2223
HCHO + 2H+ + 2e−⇌ CH3OH 0.2323
HAsO2 + 3H+ + 3e−⇌ As(s) + 2H2O(l) 0.240
Ru3+ + e−⇌ Ru2+ 0.249
IO3−+ 3H2O(l) + 6e−⇌ I− + 6OH− 0.257
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e−⇌ 2Hg(l) + 2Cl− 0.2682
UO2+ + 4H+ + e− ⇌U4+ + 2H2O(l) 0.27
Bi3+ + 3e−⇌ Bi(s) 0.317
UO22+ + 4H+ + 2e− ⇌ U4+ + 2H2O(l) 0.327
VO2+ + 2H+ +e−⇌V3+ + H2O(l) 0.337
Cu2+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Cu(s) 0.3419
ClO3-(aq) + H2O(l) + 2e- ⇌ ClO2-(aq) + 2OH-(aq) 0.35
Fe(CN)63− + e− ⇌ Fe(CN)64− 0.356
O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e−⇌ 4OH− 0.401
ClO− + H2O(l) + e− ⇌ ½Cl2(g) + 2OH− 0.421 in 1 M NaOH
Ag2C2O4(s) + 2e−⇌ 2Ag(s) + C2O42− 0.47
Cu+(aq) + e- ⇌ Cu(s) 0.52
I2(s) + 2e- ⇌ 2I-(aq) 0.5355
I3− + 2e−⇌ 3I− 0.536
Ga3+ + 3e−⇌ Ga(s) -0.56
Cu2+ + Cl− + e−⇌ CuCl(s) 0.559
S2O62− + 4H+ + 2e−⇌ 2H2SO3 0.569
H3AsO4 + 2H+ + 2e−⇌ HAsO2 + 2H2O(l) 0.560
ClO2-(aq) + H2O(l) + 2e- ⇌ ClO-(aq) + 2OH-(aq) 0.59
MnO4− + 2H2O(l) + 3e−⇌ MnO2(s) + 4OH− 0.60
Sb2O5(s) + 6H+ + 4e−⇌ 2SbO+ + 3H2O(l) 0.605
PtCl62− + 2e−⇌ PtCl42- + 2Cl− 0.68
RuO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e−⇌ Ru(s) + 2H2O(l) 0.68
O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e−⇌ H2O2 0.695
PtCl42− + 2e−⇌ Pt(s) + 4Cl− 0.73
H2SeO3 + 4H+ + 4e−⇌ Se(s) + 3H2O(l) 0.74
Tl3+ + 3e−⇌ Tl(s) 0.742
Fe3+(aq) + e- ⇌ Fe2+(aq) 0.771
Hg22+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ 2Hg(l) 0.7960
Ag+(aq) + e- ⇌ Ag(s) 0.7996

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 Hg2+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Hg(l) 0.8535
Cu2+ + I− +e−⇌ CuI(s) 0.86
Ru(CN)63− +e−⇌ Ru(s) + Ru(CN)64− 0.86
ClO− + H2O(l) + 2e−⇌ Cl− + 2OH− 0.890 in 1 M NaOH
2Hg2+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Hg22+(aq) 0.911
HgO(s) + 2H+ + 2e−⇌ Hg(l) + H2O(l) 0.926
NO3− + 3H+ + 2e−⇌ HNO2 + H2O(l) 0.94
MnO2(s) + 4H+ + e- ⇌ Mn3+ (aq) + H2O(I) 0.95
NO3-(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 3e- ⇌ NO(g) + 2H2O(l) 0.96
HIO + H+ + 2e−⇌ I− + H2O(l) 0.985
HNO2 + H+ +e−⇌ NO(g) + H2O(l) 0.996
VO22+ + 2H+ +e−⇌ VO2+ + H2O(l) 1.000
AuCl4− + 3e−⇌ Au(s) + 4Cl− 1.002
NO2 (g) + H+ (aq) + e- ⇌ HNO2 (aq) 1.07
Br2(l) + 2e- ⇌ 2Br-(aq) 1.087
Fe(phen)63+ +e− ⇌ Fe(phen)62+ 1.147
SeO43− + 4H+ + e−⇌ H2SeO3 + H2O(l) 1.151
ClO3− + 2H+ + e−⇌ ClO2(g) + H2O 1.175
ClO3− + 3H+ + 2e− ⇌ HClO2 + H2O 1.181
IO3− + 6H+ + 5e−⇌ ½I2(s) + 3H2O(l) 1.195
Pt2+ + 2e−⇌ Pt(s) 1.2
ClO4− + 2H+ + 2e− ⇌ ClO3− + H2O 1.201
O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e- ⇌ 2H2O(l) 1.229
MnO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e−⇌ Mn2+ + 2H2O(l) 1.23
Tl3+ + 2e− ⇌ Tl+ 0.77 in 1 M HCl
2HNO2 + 4H+ + 4e−⇌ N2O(g) + 3H2O(l) 1.297
HOBr + H+ + 2e−⇌ Br− + H2O(l) 1.341
Cr2O72-(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e- ⇌ 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l) 1.36
Cr2O72− + 14H+ + 6e− ⇌ 2Cr3+ + 7H2O(l) 1.36
Cl2(g) + 2e- ⇌ 2Cl-(aq) 1.396
Au3+ + 2e−⇌ Au+ 1.36
Hg2Br2(s) + 2e−⇌ 2Hg(l) + 2Br− 1.392
Ce4+(aq) + e- ⇌ Ce3+(aq) 1.44
PbO2(s) + 4H+ +2e- ⇌ Pb2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) 1.46
BrO3− + 6H+ + 6e−⇌ Br− + 3H2O 1.478
Mn3+ + e−⇌ Mn2+ 1.5
MnO4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e- ⇌ Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) 1.51
BrO3− + 6H+ + 5e−⇌ ½Br2(l) + 3H2O 1.5
Au3+ + 3e−⇌ Au(s) 1.52
2NO(g) + 2H+ + 2e−⇌ N2O(g) + H2O(l) 1.59
HOBr + H+ + e−⇌ ½Br− + H2O(l) 1.604
HClO2 + 2H+ + 2e−⇌ HOCl + H2O 1.64
PbO2(s) + 4SO42− + 4H+ + 2e−⇌ PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l) 1.690
MnO4− + 4H+ +3e−⇌ MnO2(s) + 2H2O(l) 1.70
Ce4+ + e−⇌ Ce3+ 1.72

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 N2O(g) + 2H+ + 2e−⇌ N2(g) + H2O(l) 1.77
H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ 2H2O(l) 1.763
Au+ + e−⇌ Au(s) 1.83
Co3+(aq) + e- ⇌ Co2+(aq) 1.92
S2O82− + 2e−⇌2SO42− 1.96
O3(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ O2(g) + H2O(l) 2.07
BaO(s) + 2H+ + 2e−⇌ Ba(s) + H2O(l) 2.365
F2(g) + 2e- ⇌ 2F-(aq) 2.87
F2(g) + 2H+ + 2e−⇌ 2HF 3.053

Contributors
David Harvey (DePauw University)

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