5G Wireless Communication Network: Survey

Rabbia Liaqat
Software Engineering
Fatima Jinnah Women University
Rawalpindi
[email protected]

Sadaf Siddique
Software Engineering
Fatima Jinnah Women University
Rawalpindi
[email protected]
Abstract-As we are living in the 21st century (the world of IOTs), where no one can imagine a second without using
technology. Everyone wants a fast internet speed so that he/she will not have to wait for a moment even. So, we
have to move on to the fastest wireless communication technology. During the past few years, researchers are
working on the fastest wireless communication technology i.e.5G which has overcome all the problems that are
faced by the previous generations. Fifth-generation is the latest and the fastest concept of cellular technology. In this
paper we have given a brief description of earlier generations of wireless technology, an introduction to the 5G
technology, its features, challenges faced by it and comparison with preceding generations.
I. PRECEDING GENERATIONS
In this section we present the brief description of different generation of wireless communication technology.
a. 1st Generation (1G)
First generation 1G was emerged in 1980 and it was launched by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in 1979
[3]. At start it only covered the resident area of Tokyo. Later this network had been grown and it cover the whole
area of Japan and became the first nationwide 1G network. 1G network contain analogue signals which are known
as cell phones. Its main purpose was voice call transmission where almost all the analogue system contains the
frequency modulation for radio transmission which is done by using Frequency Division Modulation Access [3]
technique [7]. It contains frequency of 150 Hz. Due to low capacity, poor voice transmission, less security and for
coverage of wide area we moved towards the 2nd generation of cellular system.
b. 2nd Generation (2G)
2G cellular system was launched in 1991. It provides more benefits as compared to 1G network such as phonic
conversation was digitally encrypted, more efficient and provide services of MMS, GMS, and SMS [3]. 2G network
use the bandwidth of 30 to 200 kHz [7]. The messages that are sent over 2G network are fully encoded and it
became responsible to ensure that only the knowing user can receive and read the messages not anyone else. It also
uses packet and circuit switched [4] and other modulation techniques such that CDMA, GSM [7] and TDMA. 2G
generation has further family members which includes 2.5G and 2.75.G [3].
c. 3rd Generation (3G)
The next generation in wireless system was 3G. It provides services of fast speed access of mobile with internet
protocol. The main purpose of this generation was web base access, email and video call at wide level [3]. To
increase bandwidth and to support applications the International Telecommunications Union developed the 3 rd
generation of cellular technology of standard IMT-2000 [3]. In 3G network packet switching is used to send data
and circuit switching is used to make video calls [4]. 3G has some more features over 2G network such as it is more
flexible and being capable of supporting a large number of services and applications. 3G offer 2mbps data rates [3]
and 5Mbps bandwidth for channel. The interface used in 3G network was WCDMA (Wideband CDMA) and for
large number of data rate HSDPA (3.5G) and HSUPA (3.75G) was further introduced.[3]
d. 4th Generation (4G)
4G was the next of 3G. 4G was started in late 2000’s. It provides the same features that 3G provides and also some
additional services such as multimedia access send data at very highest rate and also provide wide band internet
access to laptops, wireless modems [3], HD streaming and global roaming. Mobile WI-Max standard and first LTE
(Long term Evolution) [3] [6] are technologies introduced by 4G. It provides 1Gbps data rates for low mobility and
100Mbps [3] for high mobility. It was being developed to accommodate Quality of Services and for high security
purpose. 4g was also used to adapt WLANS and PANS based on Bluetooth technologies.
II. INTRODUCTION
Fifth-generation wireless (5G) is the latest iteration of cellular technology, intended to greatly increase the speed and
responsiveness of wireless networks. Generally, 5G is likely to generate a range of new applications. 5G provides
high bandwidth that has never experienced before. It offers several new features due which it has more demand in
the near future. 5G technology provide services like video and audio player, camera, MP3 recording, huge phone
space and many more. Fifth generation is based on 4G technology. 5G not only increases the data transfer speed but
it is also energy effective. 5G is completely wireless communication which makes perfect Wireless Real World. 5G
becomes a more intelligent technology that connects the whole world without any kind of restrictions. The world of
universal, uninterrupted access to information, entertainment and communication will open new dimension to our
lives and change our life style significantly.
It will be used to connect the various networks, technologies and applications at the same time. It is the most
dominant communication network in the world. This technology offers a very high bandwidth with low latency. The
latency rate in 4G network is about 50 milliseconds whereas it reduces to almost 1 millisecond in 5G. The objective
of this technology is to increase the transmission speed up to Gbps which is about 50 times more than the 4G
network. It has basically overcome almost all the problems that are faced by the preceding technologies. [3][4][7]
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
We are using 4G technology currently which is good enough for this time but in the future it will not meet the
requirements of upcoming applications. So, 5G will be needed with increased data rates, reduced latency and high
bandwidth. Due to these features it will be governing the world. The research work is done in the units that
consumes lowest cost and offers best operating systems to deal with more than one wireless technology [5]. 5G is
the most advanced cellular technology. It connects a lot of devices simultaneously forming the leading network in
the world. Many tests has been done before its complete implementation. It is a revolution in the cellular market [6].
It connects billion of devices simultaneously through internet of things (IOT) which requires a large bandwidth.
From 1G to 5G, the speed of the network has been increased drastically. In order to use devices to their maximum
capacity, a fastest wireless with better quality is required [9]. It is expected to fulfill user demands in inexpensive
rates and outstanding applications. [3]
5G provides data transfer speed in gigabits per second (Gbps), high quality audio and video, multimedia newspaper,
HD TV channel in mobile phones, a complete wireless network that had never experienced before [11]. The main
aim of this technology is to overcome the disadvantages of preceding generations and design the perfect wireless
world. It focuses on switching schemes, bandwidth, data rates and radio access [2]. Through 5G, information and
data can be shared and accessed from anywhere anytime in the world. It can be done by evolving existing wireless
systems [12]. It is based on IPv6, flat IP and Voice Over IP (VOIP) technologies. Thorough these features, user will
be able to achieve high data transmission rate and call volume service. [4] [7]
Mobile, wireless communication and internet are rapidly growing and changing human life in the recent decades.
Along with the most demanding technology, 5G faces a lot of challenges in its way such as isolation, control
signaling, resource discovery, mobility and network management and security. It is believed that 5G wireless
network will be the combination of different technologies and it is the biggest challenge how to combine them
altogether [10]. The latency issue in 5G is resolved by enhancing the higher-layer protocols. To lift up energy
problems of wireless communication, green technology will be needed in the future [9]. Researchers are currently
working on the development of World Wide Web (WWW), Dynamic Adhoc Wireless Networks (DAWN) [4].
IV. NEED OF 5G TECHNOLOGY:
The problems or imperfections in the current generations becomes the need for the development of 5G. 5G brings a
perfect wireless communication system with no restrictions. So, it will be able to access information and data at
anywhere for anyone in the entire world. 4G provides up to 1Gbps data rates while 5G will be able to transmit data
at more than 1Gbps over a long distance. Safety and security of wireless system for a public is the need for entire
world that demands the solution [3]. 5G will become more reliable, faster and many more as compared to preceding
generations. With high error tolerance, 5G provides high quality of services [4]. Some other features are also
included that become the cause of the development of 5G network and that makes the 5 th generation different and
more fast from the preceding generations. It is being developed to improve the network traffic and conjunction, and
also for the purpose of lower battery consumption, lower latency, higher data rates, high bandwidth and many more.
[2][3]
V. MAIN TECHNOLOGIES OF 5G
i. Device-to-Device Communication
5G communication use device to device mm (millimeter) wave technology [8] [10] for the purpose of direct
connection and high data rates, improve coverage and peer to peer services. It is still under research to make it a part
of LTE system [6]
ii. Machine-to-Machine Communication
Machine-to-Machine multiplies the space of connectivity among communication devices. About 100 billion devices
can be connected together using this technology [6]
iii. Machine Input Machine Output
This technology plays an important role in the 5g network. It can be used to increase the throughput and spectrum
efficiency in 5G. [6]
iv. Big data
The cellular network has to provide an effective workspace to support vast amount of big data
produced by the applications of 5G. Innovative network designs should also be introduced for running big data
applications. Taking out the intelligent information from big data is one of the difficult task for 5G. [10]
VI. BENEFITS OF 5G TECHNOLOGY
Fifth generation the 5G provides a large number of characteristics that are very useful for people and due to which it
is the most demanding technology in the near future.

 Offer high data rates [6] [13]

 High quality video streaming [13]
 Provide end to end connection
 10 times faster speed than 4G [11] [6]
 Huge traffic in bidirectional [11] [8]
 Large broadcasting having 65000 connections [5][2][13]
 Remote management feature allows user to get better solutions [11] [7]
 Can run multiple services in parallel. [5]
 Ability to collect all the networks on one platform
 Provides higher bandwidth [7], high-grade network convergence, higher data rates in Gbps which increases
downloading and uploading speed [2] [11]
 Provides service personalization [2]
 Reduce energy consumption and lower battery consumption[2] [13]
 Provides high capability, lower latency and fastness at low cost per bit [13]
 Offers global access and high quality services.
 Control PCs by handsets and detect natural disasters [2]
 Support IPv6 and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)[11]
 Provides subscriber supervision tool [7] [5]
 With the help of 5g all the things become automatic such as students are become able to attend their lectures
from anywhere in the world. Medical treatment will also become very easier by the use of 5g.
VII. CHALLENGES OF 5G TECHNOLOGY
Every generation has its advantages along with disadvantages. To maintain this huge network of 5G, many skilled
and experienced engineers are needed [6]. The number of instrumentation that are used for its deployment and
maintenance very expensive. The existing devices will no longer support this new technology and needs to be
replaced which is costly [8]. This technology is still under development and it requires more research. The smart
phones that are used for 5G are very costly and are not affordable for common man. Still security and privacy issues
are not fully implemented in 5G and it will take more time to solve these issues [6] [8]. There is need to change the
design of cellular architecture which is one of the difficult task for it. [6]
Lack of radio frequency that are used for mobile communication is one of the major challenge that is faced by
5G.Wireless technologies that are used in 5g are consuming very high energy which becomes the cause of carbon
emission in the environment, that is very harmful for living beings [3]. It is estimated that about 90% of traffic data
is generated by the people using mobile phones by the next year [13].
VIII. SECURITY IN 5G SYSTEM

As this system provides broadcast features, it is more exposed to malicious attacks. For example “Eavesdropping
attack” [15] in which messages are delivered to unintended users. These users cannot understand the message due to
encryption. But through traffic analysis (location information and communication parties), they can understand the
message to some extent. “Jamming” is another type of attack which can disrupt the communication between two
authorized users. “DoS and DDoS” [15] attacks consume the network resources by continuously sending unintended
messages and crash the system. DDos attack happens when more than one computer and internet sends unintended
messages. Man-In-The-Middle [15] attack is another attack in which attacker furtively replaces or changes the
communication between two authentic users.

There are some services provided by 5G to handle all these types of attacks. “Authentication” is one way to handle
attacks by authenticating either user or the message. Due to supporting various new applications, there is need of
message authentication in 5G. “Confidentiality” [15] is another aspect of ensuring security. Data is protected by
allowing limited access of system resources to only intended users. Privacy controls the related information of
authenticated users from leaking out. Encryption is also used to maintain data confidential by avoiding illegal users
to get useful information from broadcasting. Cryptography is used for encryption process. DoS attack is resolved by
the availability service provided by 5G. Availability defines the services of the system available to authentic users
for which particular duration whenever requested by the user. With 5G, we can access anything at any time from
anywhere in the world, so integrity of the data is important to maintain. Integrity prevents the data to be altered by
illegal users

IX. COMPARISON WITH THE PRECEDING GENERATIONS

Generations 1G 2G 3G 4G 5G
Deployment 1970-1984 1980-1999 1990-2002 2000-2010 2014-2015
Bandwidth 10kHz-30kHz 200KHz 5Mhz 100MHz 4.2GHz
Speed 2.4Kbps - 14.4Kbps 5.8Mbps- 100Mbps- 10Gbps
14.4kbps 14.4Mbps 1Gbps
Multiple Access FDMA CDMA, WCDMA, CDMA CDMA, BDMA
TDMA UMTS
Technology Analogue Digital Cellular IP technologies WI-MAX 4G,WWWW
Cellular
Standard ATC GSM WCDMA, IMT-2000, CDMA,
CDMA WI-MAX BDMA
Switching Circuit Circuit Packet All Packet All Packet
Data Rates 10kbps 9.6kbps- 2Mbps-50Mbps 100Mbps- 1Gps and higher
300kbps 1Gbps
Voice only SMS,MMS, Email, video Multimedia Very high data
GMS call, web access access, HD rate, Internet of
streaming, Things, global
global roaming roaming
Handoff Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal and Horizontal and Horizontal and
vertical vertical vertical
X. CONCLUSION
In this paper we have presented the most advance generation of mobile and wireless communication system which is
used to increase bandwidth, speed, data rates, and many more. We have also discussed the need of 5g and brief
description of preceding generation, its challenges, advantages and disadvantages. The upcoming advance 5g is
going to full fill the demand of user at affordable rates and it provides more reliability along with some more
applications and features. 5G is deployed in many developed countries like South Korea, Chine, United States,
Russia.It is launched in Pakistan soon after complete testing for its marketing in future.

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