Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

Topology

Addressing Table
Device Interface IPv4 Address

R1 G0/0/0 172.16.0.2/30

R1
G0/0/1 10.10.0.1/30
R2 Lo0 209.165.200.225/27

R2
G0/0/0 172.16.0.1/30

R2
G0/0/1 172.16.1.1/30
R3 G0/0/0 172.16.1.2/30

R3
G0/0/1 10.10.4.1/30
D1 G1/0/11 10.10.0.2/30

D1
G1/0/23 10.10.1.1/24

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

Device Interface IPv4 Address

D2 G1/0/11 10.10.4.2/30

D2
G1/0/23 10.10.5.1/24
PC1 NIC 10.10.1.10/24
PC2 NIC 10.10.5.10/24

Objectives
Part 1: Build the Network and Configure Basic Device Settings and Interface Addressing
Part 2: Configure and Verify Multiarea OSPF for IPv4 on R1, D1, and D2
Part 3: Exploring Link State Announcements

Background / Scenario
To make OSPF more efficient and scalable, OSPF supports hierarchical routing using the areas. An OSPF
area is a group of routers that share the same link-state information in their link-state databases (LSDBs).
When a large OSPF area is divided into smaller areas, it is called multiarea OSPF. Multi-area OSPF is useful
in larger network deployments to reduce processing and memory overhead.
In this lab you will configure multiarea OSPF version 2 for IPv4. This lab was specifically designed to use
three routers and two Layer 3 switches.
Note: This lab is an exercise in developing, deploying, and verifying how multiarea OSPF operates and does
not reflect networking best practices.
Note: The routers used with this CCNP hands-on lab is a Cisco 4221and the two Layer 3 switches are
Catalyst 3560 switches. Other routers and Layer 3 switches and Cisco IOS versions can be used. Depending
on the model and Cisco IOS version, the commands available and the output produced might vary from what
is shown in the labs.
Note: Ensure that the routers and switches have been erased and have no startup configurations. If you are
unsure contact your instructor.

Required Resources
 3 Routers (Cisco 4221 with Cisco IOS XE Release 16.9.4 universal image or comparable)
 2 Switches (Cisco 3650 with Cisco IOS XE Release 16.9.4 universal image or comparable)
 2 PCs (Windows with terminal emulation program, such as Tera Term)
 Console cables to configure the Cisco IOS devices via the console ports
 Ethernet cables as shown in the topology

Instructions

Part 1: Build the Network and Configure Basic Device Settings and Interface
Addressing
In Part 1, you will set up the network topology and configure basic settings and interface addressing on the
routers and Layer 3 switches.

Step 1: Cable the network as shown in the topology.

Attach the devices as shown in the topology diagram, and cable as necessary.

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

Step 2: Configure basic settings for the routers and switches.

a. Console into each router and Layer 3 switch, enter global configuration mode, and apply the basic
settings and interface addressing using the following startup configurations for each device.
Open configuration window

Router R1
hostname R1
no ip domain lookup
line con 0
logging sync
exec-time 0 0
exit
banner motd # This is R1, Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2 Lab #
interface g0/0/0
ip add 172.16.0.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 10.10.0.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
Router R2
hostname R2
no ip domain lookup
line con 0
logging sync
exec-time 0 0
exit
banner motd # This is R2, Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2 Lab #
interface g0/0/0
ip add 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit

interface lo0
ip add 209.165.200.225 255.255.255.224
exit

Router R3
hostname R3

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

no ip domain lookup
line con 0
logging sync
exec-time 0 0
exit
banner motd # This is R3, Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2 Lab #
interface g0/0/0
ip add 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 10.10.4.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
Switch D1
hostname D1
no ip domain lookup
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
exit
banner motd # This is D1, Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2 Lab #
interface g1/0/11
no switchport
ip address 10.10.0.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
interface g1/0/23
no switchport
ip address 10.10.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit

Switch D2
hostname D2

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

no ip domain lookup
line con 0
logging sync
exec-time 0 0
exit
banner motd # This is D2, Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2 Lab #
interface g1/0/11
no switchport
ip address 10.10.4.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
interface g1/0/23
no switchport
ip address 10.10.5.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit

b. Save the running configuration to startup-config.

c. Verify the interface status using the show ip interface brief command.
R1# show ip interface brief | include manual
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 172.16.0.2 YES manual up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.10.0.1 YES manual up up

R2# show ip interface brief | include manual

GigabitEthernet0/0/0 172.16.0.1 YES manual up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 172.16.1.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 209.165.200.225 YES manual up up

R3# show ip interface brief | include manual

GigabitEthernet0/0/0 172.16.1.2 YES manual up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.10.4.1 YES manual up up

D1# show ip interface brief | include manual

GigabitEthernet1/0/11 10.10.0.2 YES manual up up
GigabitEthernet1/0/23 10.10.1.1 YES manual up up

D2# show ip interface brief | include manual

GigabitEthernet1/0/11 10.10.4.2 YES manual up up
GigabitEthernet1/0/23 10.10.5.1 YES manual up up

d. Verify direct connectivity between all five devices. R1 is shown as an example.

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

R1# ping 10.10.0.2

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.0.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
..!!!
Success rate is 60 percent (3/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/2 ms

R1# ping 172.16.0.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
.!!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

All five devices should be able to reach the other directly connected networks. Troubleshoot if necessary.

Close configuration window

Part 2: Configure Multiarea OSPFv2

In this part, you will implement multiarea OSPF. Multiarea OSPF defines a two-layer area hierarchy using a
backbone area interconnecting regular areas. This is useful in larger network deployments to reduce
processing and memory overhead.
In this topology, OSPF has the following three areas defined:
 Area 0 – The backbone area. All regular areas should connect to the backbone area.
 Area 1 and Area 2 – Regular OSPF areas that connect to the backbone area.
The routers and switches in the topology are used in the following roles:
 Internal routers - R2 is an internal router in Area 0, D1 is internal in Area 1, and D2 is internal in
Area 2.
 Backbone routers - R1, R2, and R3 are backbone routers as they all have interfaces in Area 0.
 Area Border routers (ABRs) – R1 and R3 are ABRs because they connect regular areas (i.e., Area
1 and Area 2) to the backbone Area 0.
 Autonomous System Boundary router (ASBR) – R2 is an ASBR because it connects to another
non-OSPF network.
Recall that OSPF can be enabled using the traditional network router configuration command or by using the
ip ospf process-id area area-id interface configuration command. Although the interface method is simpler,
the OSPF routing configuration commands are applied to individual interfaces and not conveniently found in a
central location. Therefore, in this lab, we will implement multiarea OSPF using wildcard masks.
You will now configure multiarea OSPF on all five devices starting with D1. You will also configure router IDs,
reference bandwidths, and default route propagation.
Note: The verification output displayed in the following part assumes that the devices have been configured in
the prescribed order. The output will vary if all devices are configured simultaneously.

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

Step 1: Implement OSPF on D1 using wildcard masks.

D1 will advertise its OSPF networks using the network router configuration command and wildcard masks.
D1 is an internal router in Area 1. Therefore, both network commands will be configured for Area 1.
a. Layer 3 switches are not enabled to perform routing by default. Therefore, routing must be enabled using
the ip routing global configuration command.
Open configuration window

D1(config)# ip routing
b. Next, enter the OSPF router configuration mode using process ID 123, assign D1 the router ID 1.1.1.2.
You will also set the reference bandwidth to distinguish between Gigabit Ethernet and FastEthernet
interfaces. Changing the reference bandwidth to a higher value allows for a differentiation of cost between
higher-speed interfaces.
D1(config)# router ospf 123
D1(config-router)# router-id 1.1.1.2
D1(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth 1000
% OSPF: Reference bandwidth is changed.
Please ensure reference bandwidth is consistent across all routers.

Note: Setting the reference cost value too high may cause issues with low-bandwidth interfaces.
c. Configure D1 to advertise the FastEthernet 0/5 interface 10.10.0.0/30 network in OSPF Area 1. The
wildcard mask can be calculated by deducting the subnet mask (i.e., /30 = 255.255.255.252) from
255.255.255.255, resulting in a wildcard mask of 0.0.0.3.
D1(config-router)# network 10.10.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 1
d. Next, configure D1 to advertise its Fa0/23 interface 10.10.1.0/24 network in OSPF Area 1 and return to
privileged EXEC mode.
D1(config-router)# network 10.10.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
D1(config-router)# end
e. Verify the OSPF configuration on D1 using the show ip protocols command.
D1# show ip protocols
*** IP Routing is NSF aware ***

Routing Protocol is "ospf 123"

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 1.1.1.2
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.10.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 1
10.10.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
Distance: (default is 110)

The output confirms the router ID, and the number of areas, and the networks advertised. Notice there
are no Routing Information Sources because there are no OSPF neighbors.
f. Verify the OSPF interfaces using the show ip ospf interface brief command.

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

D1# show ip ospf interface brief

Interface PID Area IP Address/Mask Cost State Nbrs F/C
Gi1/0/23 123 1 10.10.1.1/24 10 DR 0/0
Gi1/0/11 123 1 10.10.0.2/30 10 DR 0/0

The output confirms that both G1/0/11 and G1/0/23 interfaces were correctly assigned to Area 1.
g. Finally, verify the OSPF routes in the routing table using the show ip route ospf command.
D1# show ip route ospf
Close configuration window

Notice that no routes are displayed. This is because D1 does not yet have an OSPF neighbor.

Step 2: Implement OSPF on R1.

Next, configure R1. R1 is an ABR with an interface in Area 1 and the other interface in the backbone.
a. Enter the OSPF router configuration mode using process ID 123, assign R1 the router ID 1.1.1.1, and set
the reference bandwidth to distinguish between Gigabit Ethernet and FastEthernet interfaces.
Open configuration window

R1(config)# router ospf 123

R1(config-router)# router-id 1.1.1.1
R1(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth 1000
% OSPF: Reference bandwidth is changed.
Please ensure reference bandwidth is consistent across all routers.

b. Configure R1 to advertise the G0/0/0 interface 172.16.0.0/30 network in OSPF Area 0.

R1(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
c. Advertise the G0/0/1 interface 10.10.0.0/30 network in OSPF Area 1 and return to privileged EXEC mode.
R1(config-router)# network 10.10.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 1
R1(config-router)# end
*Jan 4 11:55:32.064: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 123, Nbr 1.1.1.2 on GigabitEthernet0/0/1
from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

Notice the informational message stating that a neighbor adjacency has been established with D1 (i.e.,
1.1.1.2).
d. Verify the OSPF configuration on R1 using the show ip protocols command.
R1# show ip protocols | begin ospf
Routing Protocol is "ospf 123"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 1.1.1.1
It is an area border router
Number of areas in this router is 2. 2 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.10.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 1
172.16.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
1.1.1.2 110 00:07:55
Distance: (default is 110)

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

Like the previous output of D1, this output confirms the router ID, and the networks advertised. However,
notice that it also explicitly states that R1 is an area border router (ABR), that it is in two areas, and that it
has established an adjacency and exchanged routing information with D2 (i.e., 1.1.1.2).
e. Verify that the reference bandwidth has been changed using the show ip ospf | begin Ref command.
R1# show ip ospf | begin Ref
Reference bandwidth unit is 1000 mbps
Area BACKBONE(0) (Inactive)
Number of interfaces in this area is 1
Area has no authentication
SPF algorithm last executed 00:14:41.606 ago
SPF algorithm executed 2 times
Area ranges are
Number of LSA 3. Checksum Sum 0x01ABED
Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
Flood list length 0
Area 1
Number of interfaces in this area is 1
Area has no authentication
SPF algorithm last executed 00:15:07.141 ago
SPF algorithm executed 5 times
Area ranges are
Number of LSA 4. Checksum Sum 0x0292B8
Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
Flood list length 0

The output confirms that the reference bandwidth has been changed to distinguish GigabitEthernet
interfaces. The output also confirms that R1 is in two areas and has two link-state databases (LSDBs).
Note: Area 0 is currently inactive because there are no other peers configured yet.
f. Verify the active OSPF interfaces and assigned areas using the show ip ospf interface brief command.
R1# show ip ospf interface brief
Interface PID Area IP Address/Mask Cost State Nbrs F/C
Gi0/0/0 123 0 172.16.0.2/30 1 DR 0/0
Gi0/0/1 123 1 10.10.0.1/30 1 BDR 1/1

The output confirms the interfaces, areas, and IP addresses.

g. Verify which OSPF neighbors R1 has established an adjacency with using the show ip ospf neighbor
command.
R1# show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

1.1.1.2 1 FULL/DR 00:00:31 10.10.0.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

The output confirms that R1 has one neighbor (i.e., 1.1.1.2 = D1), they have a full adjacency established,
the IP address of D1 is 10.10.0.2, and R1 can reach D1 using its G0/0/1 interface.
h. Use the show ip ospf neighbor detail command to get additional information about neighbor
adjacencies.
R1# show ip ospf neighbor detail
Neighbor 1.1.1.2, interface address 10.10.0.2, interface-id 38
In the area 1 via interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
Neighbor priority is 1, State is FULL, 6 state changes
DR is 10.10.0.2 BDR is 10.10.0.1
Options is 0x12 in Hello (E-bit, L-bit)
Options is 0x52 in DBD (E-bit, L-bit, O-bit)
LLS Options is 0x1 (LR)
Dead timer due in 00:00:34
Neighbor is up for 00:19:09
Index 1/1/1, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 0
First 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last retransmission scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

As shown, the output confirms various information about the OSPF neighbor including DR and BDR
status.
i. Verify the OSPF routes in the routing table using the show ip route ospf command.
R1# show ip route ospf | begin Gateway
Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 3 masks

O 10.10.1.0/24 [110/11] via 10.10.0.2, 00:24:43, GigabitEthernet0/0/1

The output displays an entry for the D1 LAN. The O designation identifies this as an OSPF internal route.
Network routes learned from other OSPF routers in the same area are known as intra-area routes and are
identified in the IP routing table with an O.
j. Finally, get detailed information on how R1 learned about the OSPF entry using the show ip route ospf
10.10.1.0 command.
R1# show ip route 10.10.1.0
Routing entry for 10.10.1.0/24
Known via "ospf 123", distance 110, metric 11, type intra area
Last update from 10.10.0.2 on GigabitEthernet0/0/1, 00:25:25 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 10.10.0.2, from 1.1.1.2, 00:25:25 ago, via GigabitEthernet0/0/1
Route metric is 11, traffic share count is 1

The output confirms that R1 learned about the intra-area route 10.10.1.0 from 10.10.0.2 with a router ID
of 1.1.1.2 in OSPF 123.

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

Close configuration window

Step 3: Implement OSPF on R2.

Next, configure is R2. R2 is an internal backbone router and will become an ASBR.
a. Enter the OSPF router configuration mode using process ID 123, assign R2 the router ID 2.2.2.1, and set
the reference bandwidth to distinguish between Gigabit Ethernet and FastEthernet interfaces.
Open configuration window

R2(config)# router ospf 123

R2(config-router)# router-id 2.2.2.1
R2(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth 1000
% OSPF: Reference bandwidth is changed.
Please ensure reference bandwidth is consistent across all routers.

b. Configure R2 to advertise its two interfaces in OSPF Area 0.

R2(config-router)# network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
R2(config-router)# network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
*Dec 28 16:22:42.530: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 123, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on GigabitEthernet0/0/0
from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

The output confirms that an adjacency has been established with R1 (i.e., 1.1.1.1).
Note: Alternatively, the two network statements could be combined using network 17.16.0.0 0.0.1.3
area 0.
c. Configure R2 to propagate a default route to the internet. In our lab, the internet is represented as a
loopback interface.
R2(config-router)# default-information originate
R2(config-router)# exit
R2(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 lo0
%Default route without gateway, if not a point-to-point interface, may impact
performance
R2(config)# exit

d. Verify the OSPF configuration on R2 using the show ip protocols command.

R2# show ip protocols | begin ospf
Routing Protocol is "ospf 123"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 2.2.2.1
It is an autonomous system boundary router
Redistributing External Routes from,
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
172.16.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
1.1.1.1 110 00:24:29
Distance: (default is 110)

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

Again, this output confirms the router ID chosen, number of areas R2 is in (i.e., 1), networks advertised,
and that it has established an adjacency and exchanged routing information with R1 (i.e., 1.1.1.1). R2
does not have an adjacency with D1 because it is in another area.
Notice as well, that it explicitly states that R2 is an autonomous system boundary router (ASBR). This is
because it is now propagating a default route to all other routers in the OSPF domain.
e. Verify that the reference bandwidth has been changed using the show ip ospf | begin Ref command as
shown.
R2# show ip ospf | begin Ref
Reference bandwidth unit is 1000 mbps
Area BACKBONE(0)
Number of interfaces in this area is 2
Area has no authentication
SPF algorithm last executed 00:02:27.531 ago
SPF algorithm executed 5 times
Area ranges are
Number of LSA 5. Checksum Sum 0x01C25B
Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
Flood list length 0

The output confirms that the reference bandwidth has been changed and also confirms that R2 has two
interfaces in its link-state database (LSDB).
f. Verify the active OSPF interfaces and assigned areas using the show ip ospf interface brief command.
R2# show ip ospf interface brief
Interface PID Area IP Address/Mask Cost State Nbrs F/C
Gi0/0/1 123 0 172.16.1.1/30 1 DR 0/0
Gi0/0/0 123 0 172.16.0.1/30 1 BDR 1/1

The output confirms that the two interfaces are in Area 0, their IP addresses, state, and neighbors.
g. Verify which OSPF neighbors R2 has established an adjacency using the show ip ospf neighbor
command.
R2# show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

1.1.1.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:36 172.16.0.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

The output confirms that R2 has one neighbor (i.e., 1.1.1.1 = R1) and they have a full adjacency
established.
h. Use the show ip ospf neighbor detail command to get additional information about neighbor
adjacencies.
R2# show ip ospf neigh detail
Neighbor 1.1.1.1, interface address 172.16.0.2, interface-id 5
In the area 0 via interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Neighbor priority is 1, State is FULL, 6 state changes
DR is 172.16.0.2 BDR is 172.16.0.1
Options is 0x12 in Hello (E-bit, L-bit)
Options is 0x52 in DBD (E-bit, L-bit, O-bit)

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

LLS Options is 0x1 (LR)

Dead timer due in 00:00:34
Neighbor is up for 00:27:48
Index 1/1/1, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 0
First 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last retransmission scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

As shown, the output confirms various information about the OSPF neighbor including DR and BDR
status.
i. Verify the OSPF routes in the routing table using the show ip route ospf command.
R2# show ip route ospf | begin Gateway

Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

O IA 10.10.0.0/30 [110/2] via 172.16.0.2, 00:28:19, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
O IA 10.10.1.0/24 [110/12] via 172.16.0.2, 00:28:19, GigabitEthernet0/0/0

The output displays that there is now a default gateway and two entries for the OSPF Area 1 networks.
Notice how these routes are identified as O IA which means they are routes from another area. Network
routes learned from OSPF routers in another area using an ABR are known as interarea routes as
opposed to intra-area routes.
j. Verify the static route entry in the routing table.
R2# show ip route static | begin Gateway
Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0

S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Loopback0

k. Finally, get detailed information on how R2 learned about the OSPF entry using the show ip route ospf
10.10.1.0 command.
R2# show ip route 10.10.1.0
Routing entry for 10.10.1.0/24
Known via "ospf 123", distance 110, metric 12, type inter area
Last update from 172.16.0.2 on GigabitEthernet0/0/0, 00:31:08 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 172.16.0.2, from 1.1.1.1, 00:31:08 ago, via GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Route metric is 12, traffic share count is 1

The output confirms that R2 learned about the interarea route 10.10.1.0 from OSPF 123 and specifically
from R1, based on the router ID of 1.1.1.1.

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

lose configuration window

Step 4: Implement OSPF on R3.

Next to configure is R3. Like R1, R3 is an ABR with an interface in Area 0 and one in Area 2.
a. Enter the OSPF router configuration mode using process ID 123, assign R3 the router ID 3.3.3.1, and set
the reference bandwidth to distinguish between Gigabit Ethernet and FastEthernet interfaces.
Open configuration window

R3(config)# router ospf 123

R3(config-router)# router-id 3.3.3.1
R3(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth 1000
% OSPF: Reference bandwidth is changed.
Note: Please ensure reference bandwidth is consistent across all routers.
b. Configure R3 to advertise its interfaces in OSPF Area 0 and Area 2 accordingly and then return to
privileged EXEC mode.
R3(config-router)# network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
R3(config-router)# network 10.10.4.0 0.0.0.3 area 2
R3(config-router)# end
R3#
*Jan 5 19:28:25.146: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 123, Nbr 2.2.2.1 on GigabitEthernet0/0/0
from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

c. Verify the OSPF configuration on R3 using the show ip protocols command.

R3# show ip protocols | begin ospf
Routing Protocol is "ospf 123"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 3.3.3.1
It is an area border router
Number of areas in this router is 2. 2 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.10.4.0 0.0.0.3 area 2
172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
1.1.1.1 110 00:01:43
2.2.2.1 110 00:01:43
Distance: (default is 110)

The output confirms the router ID, and that R3 is an ABR, it has interfaces in two areas, the networks it is
advertising, and that R3 has R1 (i.e., 1.1.1.1) and R2 (i.e., 2.2.2.1) as sources of routing information.
d. Verify that the reference bandwidth has been changed using the show ip ospf | begin Ref command as
shown.
R3# show ip ospf | begin Ref
Reference bandwidth unit is 1000 mbps
Area BACKBONE(0)
Number of interfaces in this area is 1
Area has no authentication
SPF algorithm last executed 00:10:38.256 ago
SPF algorithm executed 4 times

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

Area ranges are

Number of LSA 8. Checksum Sum 0x0396BA
Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
Flood list length 0
Area 2
Number of interfaces in this area is 1
Area has no authentication
SPF algorithm last executed 00:10:13.755 ago
SPF algorithm executed 2 times
Area ranges are
Number of LSA 6. Checksum Sum 0x0362CF
Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
Flood list length 0

The output confirms that the reference bandwidth has been changed and also confirms that R2 has area
information for Area 0 and Area 2.
e. Verify the active OSPF interfaces and assigned areas using the show ip ospf interface brief command.
R3# show ip ospf interface brief
Interface PID Area IP Address/Mask Cost State Nbrs F/C
Gi0/0/0 123 0 172.16.1.2/30 1 BDR 1/1
Gi0/0/1 123 2 10.10.4.1/30 1 DR 0/0

The output confirms the interfaces, process ID, areas, IP addresses, cost, state, and neighbors.
f. Verify which OSPF neighbors R2 has established an adjacency with using the show ip ospf neighbor
command.
R3# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
2.2.2.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:31 172.16.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

The output confirms that R3 has one neighbor (i.e., 2.2.2.1= R2) and they have a full adjacency
established.
g. Use the show ip ospf neighbor detail command to get additional information about neighbor
adjacencies.
R3# show ip ospf neighbor detail
Neighbor 2.2.2.1, interface address 172.16.1.1, interface-id 6
In the area 0 via interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Neighbor priority is 1, State is FULL, 6 state changes
DR is 172.16.1.1 BDR is 172.16.1.2
Options is 0x12 in Hello (E-bit, L-bit)
Options is 0x52 in DBD (E-bit, L-bit, O-bit)
LLS Options is 0x1 (LR)
Dead timer due in 00:00:37
Neighbor is up for 00:21:50
Index 1/1/1, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 0

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

First 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0)

Last retransmission scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

As shown, the output confirms various information about the OSPF neighbor including DR and BDR
status.
h. Verify the OSPF routes in the routing table using the show ip route ospf command.
R3# show ip route ospf | begin Gateway
Gateway of last resort is 172.16.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0

O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 172.16.1.1, 00:26:08, GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 3 masks
O IA 10.10.0.0/30 [110/3] via 172.16.1.1, 00:26:08, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
O IA 10.10.1.0/24 [110/13] via 172.16.1.1, 00:26:08, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
O 172.16.0.0/30 [110/2] via 172.16.1.1, 00:26:08, GigabitEthernet0/0/0

The output verifies that R3 has received a default route from R2, two interarea routes (i.e., O IA routes)
and one intra-area OSPF route (i.e., O routes). The O*E2 route indicates that this is an external route that
did not originate in OSPF. The asterisk identifies this as a candidate default route.
i. Now get detailed information on how R3 learned about the O E2 and O IA routes.
R3# show ip route 0.0.0.0
Routing entry for 0.0.0.0/0, supernet
Known via "ospf 123", distance 110, metric 1, candidate default path
Tag 123, type extern 2, forward metric 1
Last update from 172.16.1.1 on GigabitEthernet0/0/0, 00:28:41 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 172.16.1.1, from 2.2.2.1, 00:28:41 ago, via GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Route metric is 1, traffic share count is 1
Route tag 123

R3# show ip route 10.10.1.0

Routing entry for 10.10.1.0/24
Known via "ospf 123", distance 110, metric 13, type inter area
Last update from 172.16.1.1 on GigabitEthernet0/0/0, 00:29:10 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 172.16.1.1, from 1.1.1.1, 00:29:10 ago, via GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Route metric is 13, traffic share count is 1

The output confirms that R3 learned about the default route from R2 (2.2.2.1) and interarea routes from
R1 (1.1.1.1) via OSPF.
Close configuration window

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

Step 5: Implement OSPF on D2.

Last to configure is D2. Like D1, D2 is an internal router in Area 2.
a. Layer 3 switches are not enabled to perform routing by default. Therefore, routing must be enabled using
the ip routing global configuration command.
Open configuration window

D2(config)# ip routing
b. Next, enter the OSPF router configuration mode using process ID 123, assign the D2 the router ID
3.3.3.2, and set the reference bandwidth to distinguish between Gigabit Ethernet and FastEthernet
interfaces.
D2(config)# router ospf 123
D2(config-router)# router-id 3.3.3.2
D2(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth 1000
% OSPF: Reference bandwidth is changed.
Please ensure reference bandwidth is consistent across all routers.

c. Configure D2 to advertise its interfaces in OSPF Area 2 and return to privileged EXEC mode.
D2(config-router)# network 10.10.4.0 0.0.0.3 area 2
D2(config-router)# network 10.10.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
D2(config-router)# end
D2#
*Mar 1 01:52:03.888: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 123, Nbr 3.3.3.1 on
GigabitEthernet1/0/11 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

d. Verify the OSPF configuration on D2 using the show ip protocols command.

D2# show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "ospf 123"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 3.3.3.2
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.10.4.0 0.0.0.3 area 2
10.10.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
3.3.3.1 110 00:09:35
2.2.2.1 110 00:04:38
Distance: (default is 110)

As expected, we can verify the router ID, number of areas, networks being advertised, and routing
sources. It may be surprising that R2 (i.e., 2.2.2.1) is displayed as a routing source. The reason is
because it is the source of the default route.
e. Verify that the reference bandwidth has been changed using the show ip ospf | begin Ref command as
shown.
D2# show ip ospf | begin Ref
Reference bandwidth unit is 1000 mbps
Area 2
Number of interfaces in this area is 2

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

Area has no authentication

SPF algorithm last executed 00:13:01.877 ago
SPF algorithm executed 3 times
<output omitted>

f. Verify the active OSPF interfaces and assigned areas using the show ip ospf interface brief command.
D2# show ip ospf interface brief
Interface PID Area IP Address/Mask Cost State Nbrs F/C
Gi1/0/23 123 2 10.10.5.1/24 10 DR 0/0
G11/0/11 123 2 10.10.4.2/30 1 BDR 1/1

The output confirms that the two interfaces are in Area 2 and their IP addresses are correct.
g. Verify which OSPF neighbors D2 has established an adjacency with using the show ip ospf neighbor
command.
D2# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
3.3.3.1 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:33 10.10.4.1 GigabitEthernet1/0/11

The output confirms that D2 has one neighbor (i.e., 3.3.3.1= R3) and they have a full adjacency
established.
h. Verify the OSPF routes in the routing table using the show ip route ospf | begin Gateway command.
D2# show ip route ospf | begin Gateway
Gateway of last resort is 10.10.4.1 to network 0.0.0.0

O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 10.10.4.1, 00:09:25, Gigabitthernet1/0/11

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 3 masks
O IA 10.10.0.0/30 [110/4] via 10.10.4.1, 00:09:00, GigabitEthernet1/0/11
O IA 10.10.1.0/24 [110/14] via 10.10.4.1, 00:09:00, GigabitEthernet1/0/11
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O IA 172.16.0.0 [110/3] via 10.10.4.1, 00:09:00, GigabitEthernet1/0/11
O IA 172.16.1.0 [110/2] via 10.10.4.1, 00:09:00, GigabitEthernet1/0/11

The output displays four interarea routes (i.e., O IA routes) and the OSPF external route from 2.2.2.1(R2).
D2# show ip route 0.0.0.0
Routing entry for 0.0.0.0/0, supernet
Known via "ospf 123", distance 110, metric 1, candidate default path
Tag 123, type extern 2, forward metric 2
Last update from 10.10.4.1 on GigabitEthernet1/0/11, 00:18:31 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 10.10.4.1, from 2.2.2.1, 00:18:31 ago, via GigabitEthernet1/0/11
Route metric is 1, traffic share count is 1
Route tag 123

As we can see, the routing source for the default route is R2 (i.e., 2.2.2.1).

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

lose configuration window

Step 6: Verify end-to-end connectivity.

The multiarea OSPF network is now completely configured. We now need to verify the operation of OSPF.
a. From PC1, verify that it has been assigned the correct IP address as listed in the Addressing Table using
the ipconfig Windows command.
Open configuration window

C:\Users\Student> ipconfig

Ethernet adapter Ethernet0:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :

Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::7853:120b:ecdf:d718%6
IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 10.10.1.10
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.10.1.1

b. Verify end-to-end connectivity by pinging PC3.

C:\Users\Student> ping 10.10.5.10

Pinging 10.10.5.10 with 32 bytes of data:

Pinging 10.10.5.10 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 10.10.5.10: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=123
Reply from 10.10.5.10: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=123
Reply from 10.10.5.10: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=123
Reply from 10.10.5.10: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=123

Ping statistics for 10.10.5.10:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

c. Verify the route taken by doing a traceroute to PC3.

C:\Users\Student> tracert 10.10.5.10

Tracing route to DESKTOP-3FR7RKA [10.10.5.10]

over a maximum of 30 hops:

1 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 10.10.1.1
2 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 10.10.0.1
3 1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 172.16.0.1
4 1 ms 1 ms <1 ms 172.16.1.2
5 1 ms 2 ms 2 ms 10.10.4.2
6 1 ms <1 ms <1 ms DESKTOP-3RF7RKA [10.10.5.10]

Trace complete.

This confirms end-to-end connectivity.

Close configuration window

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

Part 3: Exploring Link State Announcements

In this part, you will verify that the network has converged and explore how link-state advertisements (LSAs)
are used as the building blocks for the OSPF link-state database (LSDB).
OSPF routers create LSAs for every directly connected OSPF-enabled interface. It then sends those LSAs to
OSPF peers to form adjacencies. Individually, LSAs are database records providing specific OSPF network
details. Combined, they describe the entire topology of an OSPF area.
OSPF routers uses six LSA types for IPv4 routing:
 Type 1, router LSA – All OSPF-enabled routers create and send type 1 LSAs. The LSAs are immediately
propagated within the area. An ABR does not forward the LSA outside the area.
 Type 2, network LSA - Only a DR generates and advertises a type 2 LSA. The type 2 network LSA lists
each of the attached routers that make up the transit network, including the DR itself, and the subnet
mask that is used on the link. The DR floods the LSA to all OSPF routers (i.e., 224.0.0.5) on the
multiaccess network. The content of the displayed type 2 LSA describes the network segment listing the
DR address, the attached routers, and the used subnet mask. This information is used by each router
participating in OSPF to build the exact picture of the described multiaccess segment, which cannot be
fully described with just type 1 LSAs.
 Type 3, summary LSA - ABRs do not forward type 1 or type 2 LSAs into other areas. ABRs flood type 3
LSAs to propagate network information to other areas. Type 3 summary LSAs describe networks that are
in an area to the rest of the areas in the OSPF autonomous system.
 Type 4, ASBR summary LSA – When there is an ASBR in the OSPF domain, it advertises itself using a
special type 1 LSA. When an ABR receives this type 1 LSA, it builds a type 4 LSA to advertise the
existence of the ASBR and floods it to other areas. Subsequent ABRs regenerate a type 4 LSA and flood
it into their areas.
 Type 5, AS external LSA – ASBRs generate a type 5 external LSAs to advertise external OSPF routes
to the OSPF domain. Type 5 LSAs are originated by the ASBR and are flooded to the entire autonomous
system.
 Type 7, NSSA external LSA – This is a special LSA generated by a not-so-stubby (NSSA) ASBR to
advertise external OSPF networks to an OSPF domain. The ABR converts the type 7 LSA to a type 5
LSA and propagates it to other areas. An NSSA network is a special-case area type used to reduce the
amount of flooding, the LSDB size, and the routing table size in routers within the area.
Note: Other LSAs also exist but are out of scope of this lab.
The focus of this section will be on LSA types 1, 2, and 3 which are used to identify intra-area and interarea
routes.

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

Step 1: Verifying OSPF and Exploring LSAs on D1.

D1 is an internal router and generates type 1 LSAs. It is also the DR on the link connecting to R1 and
therefore generates type 2 LSAs.
a. On D1, display the list of neighbors using the show ip ospf neighbors command.
Open configuration window

D1# show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

1.1.1.1 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:32 10.10.0.1 GigabitEthernet1/0/11

The output confirms that R1 (i.e., 1.1.1.1) is a neighbor and is the BDR on the link. Therefore, D1 must be
the DR.
b. Verify the OSPF routing table using the show ip router ospf | begin Gateway command.
D1# show ip route ospf | begin Gateway

Gateway of last resort is 10.10.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0

O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 10.10.0.1, 01:15:48, GigabitEthernet1/0/11

10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 3 masks
O IA 10.10.4.0/30 [110/4] via 10.10.0.1, 00:52:50, GigabitEthernet1/0/11
O IA 10.10.5.0/24 [110/14] via 10.10.0.1, 00:24:49, GigabitEthernet1/0/11
172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O IA 172.16.0.0 [110/2] via 10.10.0.1, 02:05:06, GigabitEthernet1/0/11
O IA 172.16.1.0 [110/3] via 10.10.0.1, 01:18:11, GigabitEthernet1/0/11

The routing table lists the four interarea networks and one external OSPF network.
c. D1 learned about these networks from LSAs. A router maintains a LSDB for each area it has interfaces in.
Because D1 is an internal OSPF router, it will only have entries for Area 1. To display the contents of the
LSDB of D1, use the show ip ospf database command.
D1# show ip ospf database

OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.2) (Process ID 123)

Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count

1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1806 0x80000005 0x00DC15 1
1.1.1.2 1.1.1.2 167 0x80000005 0x001AA6 2

Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum

10.10.0.2 1.1.1.2 167 0x80000003 0x00B462

Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum

10.10.4.0 1.1.1.1 1806 0x80000002 0x00A86E
10.10.5.0 1.1.1.1 1807 0x80000002 0x0014F4

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

172.16.0.0 1.1.1.1 1807 0x80000002 0x00DBA1

172.16.1.0 1.1.1.1 1807 0x80000002 0x00DAA0

Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum

2.2.2.1 1.1.1.1 1807 0x80000002 0x00131C

Type-5 AS External Link States

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Tag

0.0.0.0 2.2.2.1 1939 0x80000002 0x009F90 123

Notice how the command output is divided into the following five sections:
o Router Link States – These are the type 1 LSAs received by D1 and they identify the routers
(i.e., 1.1.1.1 = R1, 1.1.1.2 = D1) in Area 1 that sent them, and the number of links that the routers
have in the area. Therefore, R1 only has one interface in Area 1 and D1 has 2 interfaces in Area 1.
o Net Link States – These are the type 2 LSAs generated by the DR. In our example, the DR is
1.1.1.2 (i.e., D1) on the link 10.10.0.2.
o Summary Net Link States – These are the type 3 LSAs describing remote networks (i.e., our O
IA networks or interarea routes) and the router that advertised them to D1.
o Summary ASB Link States – This is a type 4 LSA sent by the ABR (i.e., 1.1.1.1 = R1)
advertising that there is an ASBR in the network (i.e., 2.2.2.1).
o Type-5 AS External Link States – This is a type 5 LSA advertising a default route (i.e., 0.0.0.0)
and the router that is advertising it (i.e., 2.2.2.1).
d. Additional information about the Router Link States type 1 LSA can be gathered using the show ip ospf
database router command.
D1# show ip ospf database router

OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.2) (Process ID 123)

Router Link States (Area 1)

Routing Bit Set on this LSA in topology Base with MTID 0

LS age: 843
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Router Links
Link State ID: 1.1.1.1
Advertising Router: 1.1.1.1
LS Seq Number: 80000007
Checksum: 0xD817
Length: 36
Area Border Router
Number of Links: 1

Link connected to: a Transit Network

(Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.10.0.2
(Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.10.0.1

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

Number of TOS metrics: 0

TOS 0 Metrics: 1

LS age: 1196
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Router Links
Link State ID: 1.1.1.2
Advertising Router: 1.1.1.2
LS Seq Number: 80000006
Checksum: 0x18A7
Length: 48
Number of Links: 2

Link connected to: a Transit Network

(Link ID) Designated Router address: 10.10.0.2
(Link Data) Router Interface address: 10.10.0.2
Number of MTID metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 1

Link connected to: a Stub Network

(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 10.10.1.0
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
Number of MTID metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metrics: 10

The output provides more information about the type 1 LSAs. The first router link (i.e., type 1) LSA is from
R1 (i.e., 1.1.1.1). It is an ABR with only 1 link in Area 1 which is the transit network connecting to D1. The
second router link portion identifies the transit network connecting to R1 and the stub network of D1 (i.e.,
10.10.1.0/24).
An OSPF link can be connected to a stub, to another router (point-to-point), or to a transit network. The
transit network usually describes an Ethernet segment which can include two or more routers. If the link is
connected to a transit network, the LSA also includes the IP address of the DR.
e. To learn more about type 2 network LSAs, use show ip ospf database network command.
D1# show ip ospf database network

OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.2) (Process ID 123)

Net Link States (Area 1)

LS age: 845
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
LS Type: Network Links
Link State ID: 10.10.0.2 (address of Designated Router)
Advertising Router: 1.1.1.2
LS Seq Number: 80000005
Checksum: 0xB064
Length: 32

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

Network Mask: /30

Attached Router: 1.1.1.2
Attached Router: 1.1.1.1
The content of the type 2 LSA describes the network segment listing the DR address, the attached
routers, and subnet mask using CIDR notation. This information is used by each router in the area to build
the exact picture of the described multiaccess segment, which cannot be fully described with just type 1
LSAs.
f. To learn more about type 3 summary LSAs, use show ip ospf database summary command.
D1# show ip ospf database summary

OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.2) (Process ID 123)

Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

LS age: 987
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: Summary Links(Network)
Link State ID: 10.10.4.0 (summary Network Number)
Advertising Router: 1.1.1.1
LS Seq Number: 80000005
Checksum: 0xA271
Length: 28
Network Mask: /30
MTID: 0 Metric: 3

LS age: 987
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: Summary Links(Network)
Link State ID: 10.10.5.0 (summary Network Number)
Advertising Router: 1.1.1.1
LS Seq Number: 80000005
Checksum: 0xEF7
Length: 28
Network Mask: /24
MTID: 0 Metric: 13

LS age: 988
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: Summary Links(Network)
Link State ID: 172.16.0.0 (summary Network Number)
Advertising Router: 1.1.1.1
LS Seq Number: 80000005
Checksum: 0xD5A4
Length: 28
Network Mask: /30
MTID: 0 Metric: 1

LS age: 989

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)

LS Type: Summary Links(Network)
Link State ID: 172.16.1.0 (summary Network Number)
Advertising Router: 1.1.1.1
LS Seq Number: 80000005
Checksum: 0xD4A3
Length: 28
Network Mask: /30
MTID: 0 Metric: 2

The output lists four type 3 LSAs. The LSAs identify the interarea networks, which ABR advertised, and
the network mask using CIDR notation.
g. To learn more about type 4 summary LSAs, use show ip ospf database asbr-summary command.
D1# show ip ospf database asbr-summary

OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.2) (Process ID 123)

Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)

LS age: 591
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: Summary Links(AS Boundary Router)
Link State ID: 2.2.2.1 (AS Boundary Router address)
Advertising Router: 1.1.1.1
LS Seq Number: 80000006
Checksum: 0xB20
Length: 28
Network Mask: /0
MTID: 0 Metric: 1

The output lists one type 4 LSA advertised by R1 identifying 2.2.2.1 as an ASBR.
h. Finally, to learn more about type 5 AS external link LSAs, use show ip ospf database external
command.
D1# show ip ospf database external

OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.2) (Process ID 123)

Type-5 AS External Link States

LS age: 1024
Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)
LS Type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 0.0.0.0 (External Network Number )
Advertising Router: 2.2.2.1
LS Seq Number: 80000006
Checksum: 0x9794
Length: 36
Network Mask: /0
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

TOS: 0
Metric: 1
Forward Address: 0.0.0.0
External Route Tag: 123

The output lists one type 5 LSA identifying that 0.0.0.0/0 is available from 2.2.2.1 (i.e., R2).
Open configuration window

Step 2: Verifying OSPF and exploring LSAs on an ABR R1.

R1 is an ABR with interfaces in Area 1 and Area 0. Therefore, R1 will have two LSDBs.
Display the LSDB on R1.
Open configuration window

R1# show ip ospf database

OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 123)

Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count

1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1250 0x80000009 0x001E87 1
2.2.2.1 2.2.2.1 1284 0x8000000C 0x00A06E 2
3.3.3.1 3.3.3.1 1220 0x80000008 0x00BDDA 1

Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum

172.16.0.2 1.1.1.1 1284 0x80000006 0x002A3E
172.16.1.1 2.2.2.1 1284 0x80000006 0x0067F9

Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum

10.10.0.0 1.1.1.1 1250 0x80000008 0x00B462
10.10.1.0 1.1.1.1 1250 0x80000006 0x0024E6
10.10.4.0 3.3.3.1 1220 0x80000008 0x0058B4
10.10.5.0 3.3.3.1 1220 0x80000006 0x00C739

Router Link States (Area 1)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count

1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1250 0x80000009 0x00D419 1
1.1.1.2 1.1.1.2 1632 0x80000008 0x0014A9 2

Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum

10.10.0.2 1.1.1.2 1632 0x80000006 0x00AE65

Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

10.10.4.0 1.1.1.1 1250 0x80000006 0x00A072

10.10.5.0 1.1.1.1 1250 0x80000006 0x000CF8
172.16.0.0 1.1.1.1 1250 0x80000006 0x00D3A5
172.16.1.0 1.1.1.1 1250 0x80000006 0x00D2A4

Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum

2.2.2.1 1.1.1.1 1250 0x80000006 0x000B20

Type-5 AS External Link States

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Tag

0.0.0.0 2.2.2.1 1284 0x80000006 0x009794 123

The output displays the type 1, 2, and 3 LSAs in Area 0, and then lists the type 1, 2, 3, and 4 LSAs in
Area 1. The last section displays the type 5 LSAs.
To learn more about each LSA type, use the following commands:
o show ip ospf database router
o show ip ospf database network
o show ip ospf database summary
o show ip ospf database asbr-summary
o show ip ospf database external
Close configuration window

Step 3: Verifying OSPF and exploring LSAs on the ASBR R2.

R2 is an ASBR with interfaces in Area 0 and an external non-OSPF network.
Display the LSDB on R2.
Open configuration window

R2# show ip ospf database

OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.1) (Process ID 123)

Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link count

1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1790 0x80000009 0x001E87 1
2.2.2.1 2.2.2.1 1822 0x8000000C 0x00A06E 2
3.3.3.1 3.3.3.1 1759 0x80000008 0x00BDDA 1

Net Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum

172.16.0.2 1.1.1.1 1822 0x80000006 0x002A3E
172.16.1.1 2.2.2.1 1822 0x80000006 0x0067F9

Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

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Lab - Implement Multi-Area OSPFv2

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum

10.10.0.0 1.1.1.1 1790 0x80000008 0x00B462
10.10.1.0 1.1.1.1 1790 0x80000006 0x0024E6
10.10.4.0 3.3.3.1 1759 0x80000008 0x0058B4
10.10.5.0 3.3.3.1 1759 0x80000006 0x00C739

Type-5 AS External Link States

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Tag

0.0.0.0 2.2.2.1 1822 0x80000006 0x009794 123

The output displays the type 1, 2, 3 and 5 LSAs in Area 0. Notice that there is no type 4 LSA because R2
is the ASBR and only an ABR can generate an LSA4.
Close configuration window

Router Interface Summary Table

Router Model Ethernet Interface #1 Ethernet Interface #2 Serial Interface #1 Serial Interface #2

Fast Ethernet 0/0 Fast Ethernet 0/1

1800 (F0/0) (F0/1) Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0) Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)
Gigabit Ethernet 0/0 Gigabit Ethernet 0/1
1900 (G0/0) (G0/1) Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0) Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)
Fast Ethernet 0/0 Fast Ethernet 0/1
2801 (F0/0) (F0/1) Serial 0/1/0 (S0/1/0) Serial 0/1/1 (S0/1/1)
Fast Ethernet 0/0 Fast Ethernet 0/1
2811 (F0/0) (F0/1) Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0) Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)
Gigabit Ethernet 0/0 Gigabit Ethernet 0/1
2900 (G0/0) (G0/1) Serial 0/0/0 (S0/0/0) Serial 0/0/1 (S0/0/1)
Gigabit Ethernet 0/0/0 Gigabit Ethernet 0/0/1
4221 (G0/0/0) (G0/0/1) Serial 0/1/0 (S0/1/0) Serial 0/1/1 (S0/1/1)
Gigabit Ethernet 0/0/0 Gigabit Ethernet 0/0/1
4300 (G0/0/0) (G0/0/1) Serial 0/1/0 (S0/1/0) Serial 0/1/1 (S0/1/1)

Note: To find out how the router is configured, look at the interfaces to identify the type of router and how many
interfaces the router has. There is no way to effectively list all the combinations of configurations for each router
class. This table includes identifiers for the possible combinations of Ethernet and Serial interfaces in the device.
The table does not include any other type of interface, even though a specific router may contain one. An example
of this might be an ISDN BRI interface. The string in parenthesis is the legal abbreviation that can be used in
Cisco IOS commands to represent the interface.
End of document

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