Hello and Goodbye: Online Miscommunication in Social Relationship of the

Ateneo de Davao Senior High School Learners and Administrators

A Qualitative Research

Presented to the Faculty of Ateneo de Davao University Senior High School

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Caamic, Alessandra Gwyneth D.

Quitain, Francesca Isabel W.

Aguilar, Zoraida Akiko G.

Bero, Denzel Christian E.

Ortizo, Jose Mansueto F.

Esquivel, Yna Marrey R.

Grade 12- Claver

Humanities, and Social Sciences

Jennyve R. Cabantog
 Research Adviser

October 2019

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Online miscommunication generally occurs nowadays not only to officers of

certain businesses dispatching instructions to their staff, but also to learners who tend to

transmit data through internet media because it is much simpler to relay messages

using technology.

A person's reaction time may be as essential as the medium. Individuals will

usually interpret the promptness of your response to an email or voice message as an

indication of the quality of your relationship. The basic message is that these people are

far too busy to be bothered by perfectly polished text writing​ (Ferrazzi, 2013).

Excellent communication skills are an asset in the workplace when you want

your thoughts and suggestions to be communicated to peers, executives and even top

management. These skills will help you stand out in your future career or education.

Miscommunication between students and educators may also occur. If you receive an
instructor's reply to a question that is not fully answered, it is vital that you ask follow-up

questions instead of terminating the communication.

Word misinterpretation is the most common conflict on the Internet. Most

individuals are not able to articulate their ideas on paper, just as they do when speaking

straight to someone. The intentions of an internet communicator's words are therefore

misunderstood or misinterpreted many times. This barrier of communication generates

many disputes in relationships, company dealings, and correspondence (Wilson, 2006).

This research is being created in multiple respects through multiple internet

sources of miscommunication, such as reviewing present public records, news and

in-depth case studies of widespread internet miscommunication based on real-life

conditions that influence most people not only in the Philippines, but worldwide.

This study aimed ​to find out what are the common mistakes of

miscommunication online in order to avoid those flaws and provide clarity in each

individuals’ virtual conversation. This analysis also intends to provide ideas or

knowledge for better communication through the use of online mediums and for us to

play an important role in retrieving and relaying precise data throughout the web. This

investigation’s ambition is to identify and address the common issues of having

miscommunication through the use of online means in order to resolve various types of

conflicts due to misapprehension of statements containing sensitive data. However, the

research gap of this study is that there are no concrete factors that contribute to

miscommunication. There are wide varieties of source that depends on the contextual
background of the parties that happened during the communication. In our context, in

the Philippines has a rich and diverse culture with that, the more reason we need to look

into further studies.

This study bridge the gaps of miscommunication through the medium of online

sites which causes misinterpretation that compromise the relationship of the

participants. This study will analyze the commonalities of miscommunication interaction

which is done in the virtual world. That would help the researcher understand the

concept of this study. That would help to improve this further study of Communication

Online.

Purpose of the Study

The primary purpose of this study is to comprehend how Online

Miscommunication affects the Ateneo de Davao Senior High School learners and

administrators. To see how it influences their social life online. This study aimed to

understand the causes of online miscommunication and how it can be avoided

considering this issue is common to social relationships online. The purpose of this

study was to determine how online miscommunication is present among learners and

administrators wherein that have the tendency to misinterpret messages.

In addition, this study will focus on examining how the social relationships of

learners and administrators are affected. The information gathered will be used to
address online miscommunication issues of the Ateneo de Davao University Senior

High School learners.

Research Questions

This study aimed to discover an answer the question behind about having

miscommunication that happens in social media platforms and how it affects social

relationships towards one another. Also this research seeks to answer the following

guide questions:

1. What are the experiences of AdDU SHS learners and administrators with regards

to miscommunication specifically in online sites?

2. What are the challenges of online miscommunication or in terms of having

miscommunication through the use of social media?

3. What are their insights when they experience miscommunication?

Theoretical Lens

According to Nordoquist (2019), the theory of Systemic-Functional Linguistic was

proposed by Michael Halliday in 1960. It states that language is pivoted around the

notion of language function. SFL accounts for syntactic language, it plays as action of

language as central. On the other hand, how it does and what language does. It gives

more emphasis structural approaches, which gives the elements their combination as

center. SFL Starts at social context, and looks how the language interact and is being

constrained by this by social context (Halliday, 1994). In addition, that SFL views as
making own resource information rather than following a set of rules (Halliday & Martin,

1994). This theory helps us identify the social relationship with one another, the theory

suggest that it focuses on social context that depends to the participants that has having

interaction. In line with this, the topic of online miscommunication can be also related to

the theory of SFL in the lack of paralinguistic which refers to mood, tone, cues

non-verbal signals, the message can be misinterpreted due to the lack of background.

According to Halliday (1961) cited from Nordquist (2019). It is a study of the relationship

between language in social settings (Halliday, 1961).

Furthermore, it helps the study to develop how to mitigate and avoid

miscommunication in the virtual world. Through the understanding and help of this

theory. The relevance of the theory in this study are more focus from the intention of the

sender rather than the thought and own standard of interpretation of the receiver. That it

usually start the miscommunication when the receiver interpret the message in their

own standards instead of the real meaning and based on the context of the sender. This

theory will help us put into action in the virtual world. When we send message we

interfere with the meaning of the recipients due to the lack of paralinguistic which refers

to the tone, gestures and other non-verbal cues. In the absence of those signals we can

have different meanings that defeats our goal to communicate successfully.

Importance of the Study

This research focuses on viewing how online miscommunication affects the

Ateneo de Davao Senior High School learners and their social life online. This study
focuses on understanding how online miscommunication can destruct and cause

misunderstandings that can seriously affect social relationships.

This study aims to raise awareness to become more mindful and sensitive when

sending messages in order to avoid confusion and conflict when communicating online

and to inform the beneficiaries about the consequences of being nonchalant and

insensitive when sending messages to others. The results of this study is beneficial to

the following:

To the learners, teachers, and staff. ​Nowadays, the most convenient way to

communicate with each other is to text or use social media. This study will raise

awareness to the learners, teachers and staff who use social media and texting for

communication. In a way, they will learn about Online Miscommunication and how it can

be avoided. With the grasped information, they will learn to become more sensitive and

learn to use the right words and punctuation’ in order to avoid misinterpretation.

To the learners who use social media frequently. ​There are quite a number of

learners who frequently use social media to update each other. This research will

educate the learners who use social media frequently to be more careful in what they

say online since others may misinterpret their posts and messages.

To the Oral Communication teachers. ​This research can help the Oral

Communication teachers to help raise awareness to their students. The teachers will

educate learners about being sensitive and mindful. The learners will learn to be aware

of misaligned vocabulary. Wherein the learners will learn to use the proper verbs and
demonstratives such as “you’re” and “your” and the proper punctuation in order to avoid

miscommunication online. With the proper word usage, online miscommunication could

be diminished.

To the Ateneo de Davao Office of the Learners’ Activities. Given a certain

situation whenever it is necessary to make online announcements, the admin will be

careful in making their posts clear and concise so that the learners and staff will not

misinterpret their announcements. There are also times that they post the new

announcement late that it causes students conflict to their schedule and plans.

To the Future Researchers​. To help develop this study with the reference of

this study basis this will benefit the future researcher to have a quality study of

Miscommunication in the context of Ateneo de Davao University Senior High School

and in Students in general. Which could help the further development of this study.

Scope and Delimitation

This study is focused on Grade 12 learners and administrators of Ateneo de

Davao University Senior High School. The coverage of this study are the learners and

administrators are active users of social media and other forms of online

communication. The primary data gathering method that will be used in this study is
interview to know the perception of Ateneo de Davao Senior High School learners and

administrators towards the effects of online miscommunication on social relationships.

This study does not cover students from other schools in Davao City. This

research does not include the learners of the school that does not use any form of

online communication. This study is limited only to the current academic year,

2019-2020.

Definition of Terms

The researcher used two types in defining terms which are the Conceptual

definition and Operational definition. In order to clear the thoughts of the reader and

how the terms are being used in manner of the definition of the researchers. This aims

to understand the Researchers thought/s to deliver it clearly and properly based on their

perspective. Hence the arrangement of definitions are as follows; First Conceptual

definition, Second is the Operational definition.

Systemic Function Theory​. In this study, this refers to the Function of

Language or in other words what is the writer is trying to tell us in a contextual basis

(Information on Systemic Function Theory, n.d). It focuses on the contextual

background of the sender rather than the interpretation of the receiver.

Online Miscommunication​. According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, the

failure to communicate clearly from both sender and receiver. In this study, this refers to
the failure of meaning to deliberate a message or words that can lead to an unclear

communication.

​Social Relationship Context​. According to August and Rook (2013) connection

of people who has recurring interactions that are viewed by the participants to have

personal and deep meaning. ​In this study, this refers to the relationship of the

participants of the conversation such as friends, family and peers in which something

happens or develops.

Social Relationship Online​. According to What is Social Relationship (n.d), it is

between people having interactions online based on their social cues. In this study, this

refers to the relationship between individuals who met online and know each other in

many instances only through the Internet.

Types of relationship​. ​In this study, this refers to the intimacy or labeled as

what type of relationship the participants wants with his or her partner, that relationship

is based on the intimacy of each other and is that intimacy change in what kind of

relationship you had (Kinds of relationship, n.d). It’s also the type of relationship the

participants have.

Precise Data​. According to Merriam Webster Dictionary (n.d), how exact is the

message that is being sent by the sender.In this study, this refers to the relationship

between individuals who met online and know each other in many instances only

through the Internet.

 Misapprehension of Statements​. In this study, this refers to the statements that

are misinterpreted in the given situation more specifically through online media

platforms. According to The Free Dictionary, apprehend incorrectly about the ideas or

message that is being sent.

Social Life Online​. In this study, this refers to the preference of once idea of life

in the virtual world. According to Merriam Webster Dictionary (n.d), it is where the part

of life of the people enjoyable things in life, So as to enjoy communicating virtually.

Organization of the Study

This study aims to identify and address the common issues of having

miscommunication in the virtual world that the Ateneo de Davao University Senior High

School learners experienced.

In the first chapter the following were observed: Introduction, an overview of the

problem the researchers discussed which is the online miscommunication experienced

by the learners and administrators of AdDU SHS, Purpose of the Study, which

discussed the reason why the study was made, Research Questions, where the

objectives of the study lies and the outcomes of the research paper, Theoretical Lens,

where the researchers used ​Michael Halliday​’s theory of Systemic-Functional Linguistic

as a basis of their perspective regarding the issue that will be discussed further, the

Importance of the Study, in this part, the beneficiaries were introduced, which were the

following: learners, teachers, staff, and the future researchers, Scope and Delimitation,

this part covered the people involved and those who are not involved in the study, and
lastly, Definition of Terms, this part defined the unfamiliar words that are used in the

study in a conceptual and operational manner.

In the second chapter, the Review of Related Literature, the researchers tackled

other studies and literature that were related to this research. There were different

topics and subtopics included in this chapter to further support this study.

In the third chapter, the Methodology, the following were observed: Research

Design, tackled the phenomenological research design which was used in this study,

Research Participants, where the researchers tackled the criteria in selecting the

participants of this study, Role of the Researcher, tackled the roles that the researchers

have in developing this study, Data Source, in this part, the sources of the data used in

this research were tackled, Data Collection, the researchers explained the method that

they used in gathering the necessary data, data analysis, this part explained how the

researchers analyzed the data that they gathered, ​trustworthiness of the study, tackled

about how reliable the study is, and ethical considerations, tackled the considerations

needed to protect the privacy of the participants.

In the fourth chapter, the responses of the participants were transcribed and

compared in order to find their similarities. After finding the similarities, the researchers

formulated a theme for each of the research question. The data were presented through

creating different tables which consist of the major theme and core ideas. Verbatim

responses of the participants were used to support the themes.

 In the fifth chapter, Discussion and Implications, the researchers used their

related literature to support their major themes further, implication on the research

agenda, this part tackled about the implications this study has, Implication on HUMSS

Education, in this part, the researchers tackled the implication that this study has with

regards to the HUMSS strand.

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter will provide a discussion related to online miscommunication which

is related to this study. This will help us understand the miscommunication happening in

the virtual world. Thus, helps us understand the effects of social media as a medium of

communication and affect our skills to communicate with one another.

How Social Media affects our ability to communicate

According to Hanke (2018), social media is a handy way of communicating,

however it lessens of the connection between people. In the people of the United States

two thirds of adults reveal they use social media to communicate. Due to its

convenience and popularity it also changes our ability to connect to others in a

meaningful way or level. To the point that it also challenges our social skills are

hardened and nowadays people struggle to this type of traditional conversation.

 Furthermore, one study shows that almost 75 percent of millennials prefer having

conversation online rather in a face-to-face conversation. The more people utilize

through online communication, the more interpersonal communication skills shrinks.

Our need for fast communication changes our capacity to clearly express our thoughts

and ideas when talking to others. In addition, communication etiquette becomes a

challenge because of social media. People say what they wanted to say without thinking

about it and how the receiver will understand the message that is being sent. Thus,

interpreting in their own understanding, intent and tone. We tend to forget that we are

talking to a person on the other side of the screen. Primarily, it makes more

miscommunication and misunderstanding, which compromise our relationship with one

another.

Miscommunication via email and text

In communicating via email and text, it is being easily misunderstood due to some

circumstances that affect our message to communicate properly. According to Ritter (2015), in

the unavailability of facial expressions, tone of voice, gesture or good old fashioned “vibe”, we

are clueless about what is the meaning of the message that is being sent to us. Without these

clarifying cues, we frequently interpret the message in our own accord. If we feel that we are

attacked with words, then we would perceive it as an attack to us; “proof’ affirming this would be

easily identified; and if we are over sensitive we would perceive the message as an urgent

message.

Missed Messages
 As stated by Eifert (2016), text messaging is convenient and is the preferred

communication channel for many. However, text messages are impersonal and present

high risk chance for misinterpretations. It lacks voice tone and inflection and it is limited

to 130 characters, frequently robbing the sender of the words necessary to clearly

communicate their message. Due to this, text messages remove the context out of the

conversation and leave your messages subject to the understanding of your receiver.

Behavioural experts say that most disagreements start with misunderstandings, some

experts say almost 90%. In most cases, relationships are damaged. Phone calls and

face-to-face discussion are usually needed to straighten out the misunderstanding.

When you want to deliver information, you want your message to get through. Using

various communication methods lets you to send one message and allows the receiver

to pick it up using the method that they want.

Social Media can distort and misinform when communicating

Indeed, even numerous customary news associations and news sources report

deficient parts of logical investigations, or misconstrue the discoveries and feature

unusual claims. When these things go into the web-based social networking

reverberation chamber, they're enhanced. The actualities become lost in the general

commotion of contending data, constrained consideration, or both. Social media has

been transformative by the way it has democratized correspondence. Be that as it may,

it's a twofold edged sword: online networking enables researchers to address falsehood

by discussing their discoveries with open crowds to advance a comprehension of

complex issues. Similarly hazardously, however, web based life activism has the

potential not exclusively to mutilate open comprehension of these basic issues yet in

addition to upset legislative help and approach guidelines.

The Effects of Social Media in the Philippines

In the context of the Philippines Social media plays a crucial part in our society. It

gives us the stuff that we need, and helps people and organizations to keep in touch

and updated. It always gives us updates on the current situation of our society. Social

media in this technological advancement has a large contribution to the Filipino people,

help make things happen, recent news and help people with advertising. One of the

most prominent issues of social media in Filipinos is lacking face to face conversation

due to the popularity of social media sites. They build some relations without knowing

who you are talking with. Give them the chance to talk over the phone instead of having

quality time with their family and peers. This online site is convenient but it also destroy

people, especially the youth (Lookupgrade, 2017).

Local Online Miscommunication Issues

According to Concepcion (2017) in the local aspect, the most common scenario

everywhere we go, where there’s a chair, a couch, a place where one can sit, in

restaurants, in parlors and barber shops, in offices, in school lobbies, in malls, inside

elevators and restrooms, in hospitals, inside churches on floors and stairs inside malls –

people of all ages are holding on to gadgets, oblivious of their surroundings, lost in

another world or dimension. Dabawenyos are very fond of social media they have
become attached to it that they include social media in their daily routine. They use it to

share news, pictures, and videos online. But most importantly it is a very popular tool

used for communication. This is also used as an alternative for texting. No matter how

far or near Dabawenyos are from each other, they can still reach each other by using

social media. Although social media can make and improve relationships, it also has its

downsides. A lot of local issues have also come up wherein friendships have been

destroyed because of misunderstandings online. Some people misinterpret messages

online which lead to conflicts and misunderstandings. It is always better to be sensitive

when typing or posting online and it is also important to read messages and posts

carefully. Communicating face-to-face is still the best way to talk to other people.

Miscommunication

According to Manila standard (2017), the National Union of Journalists of the

Philippines slammed the government-run PNA. They must have been inspired by no

less than President Rodrigo Duterte, who, in justifying his declaration of martial law in

Mindanao, said a town police chief had been stopped by terrorists at a checkpoint and

decapitated then and there. It is likely no coincidence that the strategic communications

office of the Presidential Communications Operations Office was abolished this week

because of restructuring in the Palace functions. This shows anybody can fall prey to

this bad habit, or vice. It is frustrating that those who must show leadership in fighting

fake news become, unwittingly or not, agents of it instead. This leaves the people no

choice but to step up and become critical consumers of information, especially during
these murky, dangerous times. Moreover, miscommunication in specific areas like in the

state has already proven that it affects not just those who are directly in command of

order but also those who are deployed in different vicinities. Thus, miscommunication

results to the root cause of most conflicts may it be local, national or international for it

determines the exact information to be passed unto one place or person to another.

Miscommunication in Cognitive development

According to Healey et al. (2018) in the cognitive sciences, miscommunication is

an overlooked problem, where it has often been discounted as noise in the system.

Miscommunication is a strongly organized and omnipresent characteristic of human

communication that systematically underpins the capacity of people to produce and

retain shared languages. These claims are evidenced by contributions from

conversation analysis, computational linguistics, experimental psychology, and formal

semantics. They highlight miscommunication multimodal, multi-person personality. They

show the incremental, contingent and locally adaptive nature of the procedures used by

individuals to detect and handle miscommunication. They demonstrate how language

change can be driven by these procedures. Through this, these contributions bring an

alternative view on what is effective communication, fresh ways of studying it, and fields

of implementation where these concepts have a specific effect. We conclude that

miscommunication is not noise but vital to human communication's productive flexibility,

particularly our ability to react constructively to new individuals and new circumstances.

Virtual Conflict
 A global study by EF (Education First) Conducted by Bruman (2015), first has

found heavy business dependence on email is diminishing effectiveness of virtual

teams. (Filcher, 2015). Virtual Conflict: Barriers to Collaboration in Virtual Teams, found

that 70 percent of directors in multinational firms say that miscommunication in

worldwide virtual teams are becoming a greater source of dispute in business, with

email being the principal offender, says the report by (EF Corporate Solutions, 2015).

There are different communication tools accessible to today’s virtual teams yet email

(87%) however is still the most widely used tool for communication, it was also

emphasized in virtual teams by almost 49 percent that email has the greatest potential

to cause confusion and misunderstanding. Email has the potential to cause ‘information

overload’ respondents have also suggested. Virtual teams can suffer from a lack of

interaction when it is the desired means of communication. Although, email was

revealed to be a beneficial tool for timid members of a group to share their ideas when

they might be inclined to share their ideas when they might be inclined to share their

thoughts face-to-face, especially if language is a problem. Virtual groups are the

standard for most worldwide organizations today, yet what's apparent from research is

that most organizations are neglecting to pick the fitting tools for the correct activity -

and this is blocking their capacity to communicate effectively (Burman, 2015).

According to Burman (2015), he proceeds to explain that misunderstandings will

always occur unless teams will discover better ways to understand each other, like a

usual language of business. The fact that face-to-face and Skype meetings provide a lot

of clarity shows that people still love to connect, see each other’s pronouncements and
body language. While email is still the default tool for businesses. 45 percent of

respondents mentioned the barriers to communication between business associates

under 30 and over 50 lies in the distinction with the way they use technology. The report

also involves movements, barriers and success strategies for partnership in global

virtual teams including the widening generational gap between the oldest and youngest

employees in the present-day. According to Burman (2015), we're in a remarkable

position now, where Millennials, Generation X and Baby Boomers are all in the

workforce simultaneously. While there have consistently been generational gaps in the

work environment, it's currently more significant than any time in recent memory to

figure out how to deal with these distinctions in intuition as workforce maintenance is a

need in our post-recessionary condition. There's a ton of potential here to transform

clashing thoughts into circumstances. Burman says, referring to the report’s findings on

the positive nature of ‘good conflict’ arising from diversity in the workplace, which

encourages differences of opinion to ultimately lead to creative new ideas. There have

always been generational gaps in the workplace, it is now more important than ever to

assimilate how to control these differences in thinking as workforce retention is a

primacy in our post-recessionary environment. There is a lot of potential here to turn

clashing ides into chances. Burman says referring to the report’s discoveries on the

positive environment of ‘good conflict’ surfacing from diversity in the workplace, which

enhances the differences of opinion to eventually lead to creative new ideas.

Intercultural Miscommunication
 According to Co (2018) humans are born to communicate and interact with one

another. The effectiveness of communication has made the world’s progress develop in

which people have learned how to communicate in different ways; communication is

productivity. Through communication’s evolution, people can now communicate with

each other online because of the growth of technology. A lot of social relationships

have bloomed online and it has brought people together internationally. However, a lot

of global issues have also come up. Intercultural relationships and families are greatly

affected by online miscommunication. A lot of global issues could start small but they

could lead to bigger issues in the future. Intercultural miscommunication usually occurs

when people from different places try to communicate but then again, they understand

each other differently and may ignite conflicts between diverging cultures which can be

pushed to chaos in certain areas of responsibility. Various types of misunderstanding

roots interculturally for the very reason that people from distinct society engages in a

conversation with someone with unlike beliefs than his or hers.

Online gaming miscommunication

According to the University of Jyvaskyla (2007), online multiplayer communities

are social networks built around multiplayer online computer games. Members of these

communities typically share an interest in online gaming and a great deal of the

interaction between them is technologically mediated. Online games are based on the

possibilities of computer networks. This shows in the scope of modes of communication

that typical multiplayer games offer. A single game can support communication based
on text, image, and sound. In addition, a game may provide tools for interaction

between two people, as well as enable communication between whole groups and

communities. Negotiating values and goals is an ongoing process that takes place

throughout the existence of a community. They are reflected e.g. by how new members

are accepted in the community and by how the roles that are significant to the operation

of the community are cast. Disagreement concerning these issues may lead to conflicts

within communities, yet solving these conflicts can serve the purpose of strengthening

or changing the community’s foundations.

Online Teaching

According to Sadulski (2018), there may also be miscommunication between

learners and teachers. If you receive a response from an instructor to a question that is

not fully answered, it is essential to ask follow-up questions rather than terminating the

communication.

In some instances where a written response from an instructor is not completely

understood, a telephone meeting with him or her is best. Many internet teachers have

hours of office intended to enable you to call them. Besides office hours, you are always

welcome to email your teacher at mutually convenient moments to request a telephone

call. There may also be miscommunication over grades. Although internet courses give
an excellent chance to gain a university education, you do not usually have the chance

to discuss your tasks or exams in a face-to-face discussion.

Excellent communication skills are an asset in the workplace when you want to

communicate your ideas and suggestions to colleagues, managers and even the top

management. These abilities will assist you to stand out in the course of your future

education or career.

Synthesis

The information gathered in this chapter are interconnected to one another as it

tackles the definition, kinds, and effects of online miscommunication. As the technology

advances, the number of people that are using the internet as a medium of

communication is increasing. In addition, communicating through online has different

effects on social relationships, may it be positive or negative. An example of a positive

effect is that online communication is convenient for people. On the other hand, one of

the negative effects of online communication is that it can cause miscommunication

between people. When online miscommunication happens, it can be destructive to

social relationships as it can build a gap between the people involved.

CHAPTER 3
 Methodology

In this chapter, the researchers defined the significant processes done in order to

answer the research questions and achieve the objectives of this study. To provide the

process of answering the question. Also, in this chapter it will explain the process of

extracting the information from the participants that could help to develop further this

study that will be conducted by the researchers.

Research Design

This research will use a Phenomenological design under qualitative approach in

which, the researchers will use the experiences of the participants as a basis for

collecting the essential data needed to accomplish the research.

In human science, qualitative research has a long history and has been used for

whatever period of time that the field itself has existed. Ashley Cossman (2018) stated

that qualitative research is a form of social science research that gathers and operates

with non-numerical information and seeks to interpret the significance from these

information to guide us comprehend social life by studying target populations or sites.

According to John Cresswell (2014), qualitative research is an approach that allows

people or organizations to explore and understand the significance of a social or human

problem. The study method includes evolving questions and processes, information

typically gathered in the environment of the participant, information analysis inductively

building from specific to general topics, and the researcher interpreting the importance
of the data. ​Wherein there is an adaptable structure in the final report calculated from

the data.

Phenomenology is one of the philosophical and psychological qualitative

research approaches. According to Moran (2018), phenomenology starts with the

understanding that conscious existence is purposeful, that is, that all conscious

consciousness is guided towards something, and that there is a dynamic relationship

between the subjective act and the observed object, so that the subject tells that the

object is "constituted." According to Luke Martin (2009), phenomenology is the study of

experience and how people experience things. In addition to its purposefulness, it

considers the structures of conscious experience as found from an emotional or

first-person perspective, how an experience is coordinated towards a particular object in

the globe. It then prompts the possibility of deliberation, circumstances including motor

skills and habits, foundation of social methods and, often, language.

This study, entitled ​Hello and Goodbye: Online Miscommunication in Social

Relationship of the Ateneo de Davao University Senior High School Learners and

Administrators, ​uses phenomenological research design since it is focused on the

experiences of the students. The researchers described their participants’ experiences

with respect to a specific phenomenon in this research design. This research uses

phenomenological research design because it focuses on the commonality of a specific

group's experience. According to Creswell (2013), as stated by Chambers (2013), the

approach's basic objective is to arrive at a description of the nature of the specific

phenomenon, which is most closely aligned with the goals of this study.

Research Participants

For this phenomenological study, the researchers chose 5 participants for the

study. Three(3) Grade 12 Learners of Ateneo de Davao Senior High School and two(2)

Administrators of Ateneo de Davao Senior High School. According to Cresswell (2014),

it is expected that the participants should be 5 to 25, for it would be more conventional

to cultivate a more intimate conversation together with the participants. The participants

are chosen through purposive sampling to ensure that the important data that the

researchers have collected will be used in an appropriate manner. The researchers

simply chose 5 participants, since they are concerned about the availability of the

participants.

The researchers tend to use purposive sampling, the criteria for selection will be

as follows; they must be a Grade 12 Ateneo de Davao Senior High School student, or

they must be an administrator working in Ateneo de Davao Senior High School. The

participants chosen are the ones who always use their phones and go online to

communicate. These requirements are important to ensure that they could give proper

answers during the interview. Who actively use social media as a daily use to

communicate with one another and social media communication became part of daily

routine.
Role of the Researcher

According to Denzin and Lincoln (2003), as cited by (Simon, 2003), the role of

the researcher is considered as an instrument of data collection. By means that data are

mediated through this human instrument, compared to any other machines, inventories

or questionnaires. To carry out this role, the researchers must have knowledge about

Human instrument.

As being mentioned by Greenbank (2003), its states qualitative research requires

to report relevant aspects of self, which includes; assumption, biases any expectation

and related experiences to fit his or her ability to perform the research. Furthermore, it is

a convenient way for the qualitative researcher to keep a research journal or logbook

indicating personal reflections and reactions, any given insights into past and self, in a

separate journal, and how division takes action.

Also, the researchers will secure the confidentiality and anonymity of the given

data between the participants and researchers to ensure trustworthiness and credibility

of the researchers. And so as conforms with a formal consent and thus protect and

maintain the privacy of the participants.

The researchers shall address the rationale of our studies by undertaking

interviews with Ateneo de Davao University SHS learners who are politically engaged in

instant family relationships in order to correlate and build on how one's exposure from a

family inclined to politics can impact one's management ability. Furthermore, during the

interview, the interviewers will jut down notes and asses some speech records. The
information to be collected in this manner is the basis for answering the study questions.

To sum up, in order to finish the research, the researchers will review and interpret the

information collected from the investigation.

Data Sources

According to Creswell (2008), there are four categories in data collection

procedure in order to obtain first hand or second hand data: observation, interview,

documents and audio-visual materials. Of these four, Silverman (2015) cited interview

as the most commonly used procedure because it was seen as more accurate than the

others in the sense that it could draw out from the research subjects the most needed

information.

In this study, the researchers gathered the necessary information from primary

and secondary sources. The primary sources that were used in this study were the

interview and statistical data. While the secondary sources that the researchers used in

this study were news articles and online journals. The researchers made sure that the

information they gathered were from reliable, credible, and current sources that could

help in developing their study. In getting the answers to the research questions the

researchers used interview. They consider this as the most proper one in order to obtain

the needed information, especially to know the views and experiences of this research’s
subjects. Structured interview questions will be prepared to make the interview portion

organized. Gathered data will then be collated for further analysis.

Data Collection

According to Denzin and Lincoln (2005), qualitative study emphasizes the

significance of context in information analysis. It focuses on the raw data from the

gathered information instead of its statistical perspective. In this study, the researchers

will select 5 participants and will conduct an interview with them. According to

Easwaramoorthy and Zarinpoush (n.d.), an interview is a discussion for gathering

in-depth information on people’s thoughts, opinions, experiences, and feelings.

Additionally, interviews are helpful when the topic of inquiry concerns to issues requiring

complicated questioning and considerable investigation. In line with this, the

researchers will conduct an interview with the senior high school learners particularly

the Grade 12 learners of AdDU that have experienced online miscommunication. The

type of research question that will be used is a behavioral type of question. According to

Society Human Resource Management (n.d.), behavioral interview questioning is

focused on previous experiences of a person or participant by requesting respondents

to provide particular examples of how certain behaviors, knowledge, skills and abilities

have been demonstrated. During the interview, there will be one researcher that will be

assigned as an interviewer. The interviewer will ask questions that are aligned with the

research study and record the respondent's responses using a mobile recorder to
record the interview accurately. The collected information will then be saved for further

assessment.

Data Analysis

The data collected by the researchers will be interpreted accurately from all the

interviews that were held by the researchers. The information and data given by the

participants are based on their own experiences, points of view and opinions towards

online miscommunication. The gathered data was not changed nor revised in its

context. In addition, the information gathered will be specifically encoded wherein the

researchers record the thoughts that are connected by a common theme and extricate

the idea that brings together one topic. Consequently, it enables us to survey and

dissect and evaluate the information properly.

Trustworthiness of the study

According to Pilot and Beck (2014), the study's trustworthiness or rigor relates to

the degree of trust in the information, interpretation and techniques used to guarantee

the quality of the study. The researcher should institute procedures and protocols in

every study, needed for a study to be considered worthiness of the readers (Amankaa,

2016). Moreover, as being mentioned by Leung (2015), the majority of the researchers

agrees trustworthiness is crucial, discussion have been made in the literature as what

composes trustworthiness. Furthermore, it is said by Guba and Lincoln (1985),

trustworthiness of a study is significant to assess its value. Trustworthiness requires

initiating the following, namely: Credibility, Transferability, Dependability and

Conformability those criteria are to be followed by the researchers to avoid bias and to

observe objectivity in this study.

According to Polit and Beck (2014), the most important criterion is the credibility

of the study or the confidence in the truth of the study. Internal validity in qualitative

research is parallel to this idea. The possible question of a reader to ask is, has the

research been carried out using conventional processes typically used in the specified

qualitative strategy or has there been sufficient justification for differences? Thus,

anchored theory study should be carried out parallel to other grounded theory studies.

Strategies were being used to create credibility include prolonged engagement with

participants, determine monitoring if appropriate to the study, member-checking,

peer-debriefing and reflective journaling. Proof also should be projected of iterative

questioning of the data, returning to check it various times. Alternative explanation and

negative case analysis should be inspected as well.

According to Polit and Beck (2014), dependability refers to the steadiness of the

info over time and over the conditions of the study. It's just like dependableness in

quantitative analysis, however with the understanding stability of conditions depends on

the character of the study. The study of a patient's experience with a phenomenon can

be very similar from time to time. However, conditions will change in the study of a

hospital-based program. Dependability procedures include maintaining an audit trail

with a colleague of process logs and peer debriefings. Process logs are notes from
researchers of all activities that occur during the study and decisions about aspects of

the study, such as who to interview and what to observe.

As being said by Polit and Beck (2014), conformability is the balance or coherent

degree results that could be repeated. This is parallel to qualitative research and its

objectivity. Methods include maintaining an analysis audit trail and log memos.

Qualitative researchers keep thorough notes of all their choices and analyzes as they

continue to move forward. In some studies, the data that are collected are being

checked by a fellow researcher; in other studies, together with the qualitative

researchers they may be discussed sessions in peer-debriefing. This consultation will

prevent biases from only on person’s point of view on the study. Furthermore, the

researchers may perform member checks with study respondents or comparable

persons depending on the research. For example, the study of Nickasch and colleagues

(2016) introduce their discovery at the national research conference and received

feedback indicating the presented issue were almost identical with other nurses.

According to Polit and Beck (2014), the nature of transferability, the extent to

which results are helpful to people in other distinct environments, is distinct from other

study elements in that readers simply determine how the results are relevant to their

circumstances. Although this is considered similar to generalization in qualitative

research, it is different from generalization of statistic. As being mentioned by

Amankwaa (2016) qualitative researchers focus on the research participants’ story

without telling this is everyone’s story. Researchers reinforce the study’s transferability
with a substantial detailed, Description of the location, context, and studied people and

being transparent about the case analysis and trustworthiness. Researchers needs to

provide clear image that will notify and evocative with the readers.

Ethical Consideration

The researchers are conducting a study in which it allows them to delve deeper

into every reason that most learners have in mind, though considering the morality of

this analysis through appraising all replies received in each conducted interviews to our

responders ensuring that their consents will be considered and congruous assent will

also be guaranteed in which it safe guards their identity in order to illustrate

confidentiality amongst our interviewees as well as converging our attention to the

participants’ preferences and opinions to carve our way towards the triumph of our

investigation. Interviewees must be ready to participate in the study and should decide

whether they agree to be a topic of studies, the research will not force the participants.

Before beginning the information collection, the scientists must fully clarify the study's

objective, purpose and purpose to the participants. Quotations and references will be

cited correctly. In this study, the scientists will ensure that the respondents have given

their consent to engage in the studies and that their names and personal political

background will not be revealed in any way. During the interview, the researchers will

follow methodological language. For a healthier association between the interviewer

and the participant, the use of offensive sentences should be avoided throughout the

stage. Additionally, the anonymity of the participants' names and particular social
backgrounds is a concern for privacy and security practice and maintenance. Finally,

the APA format will follow; works and ideas from other writers will be cited and cited

properly.

CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
 This section seeks to present the outcome and discuss the information collected

by the researchers through individual interviews from the participants. After that all the

topics will be discussed and interpreted. It will also be used to assist the drawn theme

with relevant literature and participant reactions.

This research involved choosing a sample of five contributors consisting of three

AdDU SHS learners and two AdDU SHS administrators located in multiple installations

such as the academic structure and separate classrooms on the senior high school

campus of Ateneo de Davao. After meeting the participants separately, they seemed

curious and interested to discuss the subject because they can somehow relate to this

problem as most of the interviewees have experienced numerous miscommunication

times in different respects.

The individual interview was also very knowledgeable and relatable for the very

reason that we are in the era of technology and with that being said, we live in a globe

driven by innovation through science findings that drives us to build a mindset that

promotes the human race to use the internet location as a communication medium in

most known respects. The participants really supplied in-depth information on the topic

and as we added the freshly obtained data from the responses given by the participants

during the interviews, the researchers’ view on the topic grew broader.

Online Miscommunication Experiences

 The first question is “What are the experiences of AdDU SHS learners and

teachers in relation to miscommunication specifically in an online sites?”. This question

revealed the personal experiences of online miscommunication that they encountered

and providing a detailed description of their experiences.

After an in-depth analysis, notable themes were retrieved, which include: tonality,

choice of words and sensitivity.

Table 1 Online Miscommunication Experiences

Major Themes Core Ideas/Responses

Tonality - When communicating online, you

cannot exactly know the tone of

the other person you are

communicating with.

- Sometimes it is hard to decipher

the message the person is trying

to say online.
Choice of Words
- When communicating online, an

individual must pick the words

that he or she feels comfortable,

confident, and simple enough for

the person he or she is

conversing with to understand.

- Before sending a message

online, one must evaluate their

choice of words first, in order to

avoid misinterpretations and

misunderstandings.

Sensitivity - One must be sensitive before

sending a message or posting

online. Sometimes, other people

may misinterpret the message.

- When reading messages or

posts online, one must not be too

quick to judge.
Tonality

Each experience of the respondents differ from each other with regards to the

factors that had caused it to happen. One of the factors that could cause online

miscommunication is the absence of tone. Some respondents have the same response,

such as respondent T.1:

“People also tend to misunderstand the tonality because sometimes when

we read it in a different tone or when we are saying it in a different tone,

sometimes people would understand it as sarcastic even if we’re not trying

to intend any sarcasm at our statement.”

This statement was supported by respondent T.2, who stated that:

“When we’re texting, we can’t really hear the tone in the text.”

Choice of Words

The different choice of words can greatly affect the meaning of the message or

text. Which makes it as one of the factors that could cause online miscommunication.

With this being said, respondent T.1 cited that:

 “And sometimes the things the words we choose to use also affects. Kay

usahay man gud there are some things you can say in a nicer way.”

“Sometimes the words that we choose to use also affects. Because

sometimes there are some things that you can say in a nicer way.”

In the same discussion, respondent L.2 added by saying:

“Um siguro first kay parang wrong choice of words tapos kase ano man

gud ang diba ang online kase siya okay lang sana if kung one two, one on

one kayo pero since ito online so bale hindi mo makita kung ano yong,

yong emotions gud niya. So if kung hindi mo ma ma apply ang ang

appropriate na symbols, na sentence, na punctuation ganyan then it can

tawag niyan uy. It can affect the ano the understanding of those other

parties of those ano those people whom you communicate.”

“ Maybe the wrong choice of words, because it’s through online. It’s okay if

it was one-on-one but, since its online so you can’t see their emotions. So,

if you can’t apply the appropriate symbols, sentence structure or

punctuation marks then, it can affect the understanding of the other party

or those who you’re communicating with.”

Sensitivity

The level of sensitivity differs depending on the person involved in the

communication process. The sensitivity of a person is also considered as one of the

factors that could cause online miscommunication. Our respondents have pointed this

out, and respondent T.1 explained:

“Sometimes we try to tend to filter what we say maybe we are very

sensitive about what about another person might feel. But I think it is

helpful to just be honest about what you feel.”

Challenges of Online Miscommunication

The second question is “What are the challenges of the online miscommunication

or in terms of having miscommunication through the use of social media?”. This

question revealed the challenges that online miscommunication bring and providing a

detailed explanation of the challenges.

After an in-depth analysis, notable themes were retrieved, which include: use of

punctuation marks and emojis and typographical errors.

Table 2 Challenges of Online Miscommunication

Major Themes Core Ideas/Responses

Use of
- When communicating with friends and students or other
Punctuation
people online, the person adjust to the language that is
Marks and
required in social media because people can’t hear
Emojis
emotions online, you can only see them, so you have to

show them how you’re feeling through the use of emojis.

- Lack of using punctuation marks can change the

meaning of the sentence you’ve sent.

Typographical
- Typographical error would really show a different word.
Errors
- A single letter or misspelled word could mean an entirely

different thing.

Use of Punctuation Marks and Emojis

Each punctuation marks and emojis has its own function and appropriate way of

using it online. The lack of punctuation marks and emojis could cause online

miscommunication among the sender and receiver. This theme was supported by

respondent T.2:

“...I frequently miscommunicate with him because I feel like he’s angry at

me because of the lack of emoji.”

The proper use of punctuation marks was emphasized by respondent L.2, which

states:
 “So if kung hindi mo ma ma apply ang ang appropriate na symbols, na

sentence, na punctuation ganyan then it can tawag niyan uy. It can affect

the ano the understanding of those other parties of those ano those

people whom you communicate.”

“ So, if you can’t apply the appropriate symbols, sentence structure, and

punctuation marks then, it can affect the understanding of the other people

that you’re communicating with.”

Typographical Errors

Typographical errors negatively affect the communication process and persons

involved. With this, respondent T.1 cited:

“I've also seen some posts that shows some typographical errors that

would really show a different word and yes there is a possibility that

miscommunication would happen due to typographical error.”

This response was supported by respondent L.1, who stated:

“Yes, a single letter or misspelled word could mean an entirely different

thing so it contributes a lot of miscommunication because people will

understand or interpret it differently.”

Insights about Online Miscommunication

 The third question is, “What are their insights when they experience

miscommunication? What are your thoughts about it?”. This question revealed the

respondents' thoughts regarding online miscommunication and providing a detailed

description of their insights.

After an in-depth analysis, notable themes were retrieved, which include: creates

barrier, sad and felt bad.

Table 3 Insights About Online Miscommunication

Major Themes Core Ideas/Responses

Creates a Social Barrier - It could disrupt their relationship

with other people.

- It can break their social bonds

with others.
Creates a Barrier

Online miscommunication creates a barrier between the sender and the receiver

of the message. This theme was supported by the response of repondent L.3:

“Um there are tendencies that social miscommunication would become a

huge barrier to social relationships um there are cases where um break

ups happen because of miscommunication for example um a

misunderstanding with the statements of a particular spouse or a

particular um girlfriend or boyfriend there.”

“There are tendencies that social miscommunication would become a

huge barrier to social relationships. There are cases when break-ups

happen because of miscommunication or misunderstanding with the

statements of the persons involved.”

This response was also supported by respondent L.2, which stated:

“Imbis ang social media ang way for us to communicate with other people

around the globe parang ang nangyayari ngayon ang online ang social

media ang isang way na parang gina break niya gud ang ano ang social

bond natin from each other. “

“Instead of using social media as our way to communicate with other

people around the globe. However, what’s happening right now is that

social media is one of the factors that break the social bond that we have

with other people.”

 CHAPTER 5

DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS

Various perspectives, preferences and opinions. That's what waited to be

unraveled upon walked through this chapter of our research as we conducted interviews

to hear the voice of those who have encountered such matter in different walks of life

throughout the vicinity of Ateneo de Davao University Senior High School campus. This

segment of our study expressed the uncharted thoughts of our respondents via

individual interrogated carried out by the researchers.

The experiences of AdDU SHS learners and teachers in relation to

miscommunication specifically in an online site

The research question number one aimed to know if the participants have

experienced online miscommunication. This research question also seeks to gather the

detailed description about the personal experiences of the participants with regards to

online miscommunication and the factors that caused their miscommunication.

Tonality. ​Tones can help us to decipher the emotion that the sender has which

then led us in understanding the message better. The absence of tonality in online

communication can greatly affected how the receiver understood the message being

conveyed. According to Ritter (2015), in the unavailability of facial expressions, tone of

voice, gesture or good old fashioned “vibe”, we are clueless about what is the meaning

of the message that is being sent to us. Without these clarifying cues, we frequently
interpret the message in our own accord. If we felt that we are attacked with words, then

we would have perceived it as an attack to us; “proof’ affirming this would be easily

identified; and if we are over sensitive we would perceive the message as an urgent

message.

According to Hanke (2018), people say what they wanted to say without thinking

about it and how the receiver will understand the message that is being sent. Thus,

interpreting in their own understanding, intent and tone. We tend to forget that we are

talking to a person on the other side of the screen. Primarily, it makes more

miscommunication and misunderstanding, which compromised our relationship with one

another.

The challenges of online miscommunication or in terms of having

miscommunication through the use of social media.

The research question number two aimed to understand the insights of the

chosen participants about what they felt about the challenges that they experienced

when experiencing online miscommunication. This portion gave us more understanding

about the experiences of the participants.

Typographical Errors. ​The first reason typos always matter is the scope it had

created for misunderstandings. One or two letters out of place can make all the

difference. According to Hatter (2015), when you key quickly on the small buttons on a

cell phone keypad when texting or instant messaging, it's common to make

typographical and spelling errors. According to Parrack (2012), l​anguages keep

evolving, with new words constantly being added, and old words being adapted in both

spelling and usage. This has been the case for generations and will continue to be the

case for many more generations to come. However, language is now being somewhat

corrupted by new technologies, with the emergence of the computer, the Internet, email,

and text message having a profound effect on how we as a species communicate using

the written word, which is a worrying trend.

The insights of the respondents when they experience miscommunication

The research question number three, this part sought to gather the insights of

participants with regards to online miscommunication. This would also give us reflection

on what we shall do to communicate well through the medium of online platforms.

Creates a Social Barrier. ​The participants think that whenever there is an online

miscommunication, it creates a social barrier between the persons involved in the

communication process. According to Eifert (2016), ​text messages are impersonal and

present high risk chance for misinterpretations. It lacks voice tone and inflection and it is

limited to 130 characters, frequently robbing the sender of the words necessary to

clearly communicate their message. Due to this, text messages remove the context out

of the conversation and leave your messages subject to the understanding of your

receiver. Behavioral experts say that most disagreements start with misunderstandings,

some experts say almost 90%. In most cases, relationships are damaged. Additionally,

Concepcion (2017) stated, a lot of local issues have also come up wherein friendships

have been destroyed because of misunderstandings online. Some people misinterpret

messages online which lead to conflicts and misunderstandings. It is always better to be

sensitive when typing or posting online and it is also important to read messages and

posts carefully.

Implications on the Research Agenda

This research would be of great help to the learners, teachers, and

administrators who often experience online miscommunication. The gathered data

contains useful information from the different participants who usually experience online

miscommunication. It may help them in making a solution in order to lessen or avoid

online miscommunication. This will gradually help them to improve their communication

skills and social relationships. With this research, raising awareness about the factors

that can cause online miscommunication and its implications to a person’s life,

specifically social life, would be made possible. Due to this awareness, other people

would be cautious in communicating through online sites.

Implications on HUMSS Education

News reports, law enforcement and, deliverance of speeches. These are just

some of the matters that implied in the HUMSS strand in which it concerned our

research study about online miscommunication for it is a way of shared on information

via online or in ways that are presented through a medium which is indirect

communication of people for they are inside the online society. This conducted research

of ours which is online miscommunication appeared to involve the idea that online

miscommunication is very crucial especially to the learners and teachers under the
HUMSS strand for the exact reason that the HUMSS strand is known to be the main

factor of passed on data to different individuals and the researcher, usually used the

online society as a method of conveyed details since we’re in the 21st century and with

that being said, mostly everything is digital nowadays.

Concluding Remarks

In this study, the researchers were taught to be cautioned when constructing the

thoughts or information that they wanted to share and should be careful of their choice

of words so that it could be interpreted in the desire of the sender. Also, when they are

cautioned enough with their own words especially communicated online it helps them to

keep their relationship strong and safe from any miscommunication that could arise due

to the process of communication through the medium of online platforms. Through this

study, the researchers were able to identify the common factors that greatly contributed

to online miscommunication. The researchers were able to reflect from the answers of

the respondents and learn from it in order to avoid any miscommunications online in the

near future.
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