APPLIED STATISTICS IN BUSINESS
CASE III
Don Muella 09-20-21
1LM Ma’am Solano
1. In several countries of Africa, a common size for a Coke can is 340 milliliters
(mL). Because of the variability of bottling machinery, it is likely that every
340-mL bottle of Coca-Cola does not contain exactly 340 milliliters of fluid.
Some bottles may contain more fluid and others less. Because of this
variation, a production engineer wants to test some of the bottles from a
production run to determine how close they are to the 340-mL specification.
Suppose the following data are the fill measurements from a random sample
of 50 cans. Use the techniques presented in this chapter to describe the
sample. Consider measures of central tendency, variability, and skewness.
Based on this analysis, how is the bottling process working on this production
run?
TABLE 1.
340.1 339.9 340.2 340.2 340.0
340.1 340.9 340.1 340.3 340.5
339.7 340.4 340.3 339.8 339.3
340.1 339.4 339.6 339.2 340.2
340.4 339.8 339.9 340.2 339.6
339.6 340.4 340.4 340.6 340.6
340.1 340.8 339.9 340.0 339.9
340.3 340.5 339.9 341.1 339.7
340.2 340.5 340.2 339.7 340.9
340.2 339.5 340.6 340.3 339.8
TABLE 2.
MEAN 340.12
MEDIAN 340.15
MODE 340.2
PERCENTILE P97 = 340.9 i = 48.5
Quartiles Q1= 339.8 Q2= 340. 15 Q3= 340.4
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.4188
VARIANCE 0.1754
SKEWNESS 0.0352
KURTOSIS 2.6997
RANGE 1.9
INTERQUARTILE RANGE 0.6
MINIMUM 339.2
MAXIMUM 341.1
SUM 17006
SMALLEST(1) 339.2
LARGEST(1) 341.1
COUNT 50
EMPERICAL RULE µ ± 1σ = 339.70, 340.4 = 37/50 = 74%
- The value results stated in table 2 indicates that the bottling machinery averaged 340.12ml
upon filling the 50 bottle samples. It also indicates that the midpoint of the outputs is
350.15ml. Moreover, the most frequent size of the sample is 340.2ml. The lowest value
recorded is 339.2 while 341.1 sits at the top of the results, which produces a range of 1.9 and
an interquartile range of 0.6. the variance has a value of 0.154 while the standard variation is
0.4118.
- The values listed in table 2 shows that the data is normally distributed. According to the
empirical rule, the data is normally distributed if the value of the data meet the requirement
of 68% inclusion of data when computing with one standard variation. Moreover, the
skewness indicates a positive value that is less than one which is another indication of normal
distribution of data. The value of kurtosis is positive so the data should have a peak segment.
- As the value above states, the bottling process is still effective and implementable. The
bottling process has averaged 340.12ml which means that the requirements are being
fulfilled. In addition, the most frequent data value that occurred is still above the requirement.
The value of variance and standard deviation also indicates that the distance of each data
value is not that far from each other. Although the average exceeded the requirement there
is still a small margin of error in the bottling machinery.
2. Suppose that at another plant Coca-Cola is filling bottles with 20 ounces of fluid. A lab
randomly samples 150 bottles and tests the bottles for fill volume. The descriptive statistics
are given in both Minitab and Excel computer output. Write a brief report to supervisors
summarizing what this output is saying about the process.
Table 3.1 Table 3.2
Excel Output
Bottle Fills
Mean 20.00817
Standard error 0.008278
Median 19.99697
Mode #N/A
Standard deviation 0.101388
Sample variance 0.010279
Kurtosis -0.11422
Skewness 0.080425
Range 0.557666
Minimum 19.70555
Maximum 20.26322
Sum 3001.225
Count 150
- The report has a mean of 20.00817 and a standard error of 0.008278. The midpoint value is
19.99697 while the mode is undefined. The ungrouped data has a standard variation of
0.101388 and a sample variance of 0.010279. Moreover, The possess a skewness value of
0.080425 with a kurtosis value of -0.1142. The minimum value is 19.70555 while the highest
value is 20.26322, producing a range value of 0.557666. Lastly, the accumulation of the 150
samples has a sum of 3001.225.
- Based on the values presented in table 3.1 and 3.2 the process of filling of bottles is effective.
The implemented process meets the intended outcome of the company. The average amount
of fluid poured into the bottles exceeded the requirement. The standard error is also low
which equates to the mean being significantly accurate. The values of data are also not that
far from each other since the variance and standard deviation has a small value. The
distribution of data is also normal if the skewness where to be made as a basis. What makes
it a successful process is the value of range and kurtosis. The range of the highest and smallest
value does not have a significant difference which means that the result is a positive one.
Therefore, the bottling process is still functioning well and does not need to be replaced if the
issue is about effectivity and fulfillment of task.
